issued by the Registrar of the Court  
ECHR 201 (2015)  
16.06.2015  
Judgments of 16 June 2015  
The European Court of Human Rights has today notified in writing ten Chamber judgments1:  
seven are summarised below;  
for three others, in the cases of Lebedinschi v. the Republic of Moldova (application no. 41971/11),  
Manole and “Romanian Farmers Direct” v. Romania (no. 46551/06), and Schmid-Laffer v. Switzerland  
(no. 41269/08), separate press releases have been issued.  
The judgments in French below are indicated with an asterisk (*).  
Vasil Hristov v. Bulgaria (application no. 81260/12)  
The applicant, Vasil Asenov Hristov, is a Bulgarian national who was born in 1946 and lives in  
Oryahovo (Bulgaria).  
The case concerned Mr Hristov’s complaint about the authorities’ failure to identify and punish  
those responsible for a violent attack against him.  
On 13 June 2002 Mr Hristov, his son and his brother were attacked at a bus station by a group of  
men who beat them with bats and metal rods. Mr Hristov, left unconscious with a traumatic brain  
injury and a broken skull, was hospitalised for several days. The police opened a criminal  
investigation on the day of the attack and, over the next few days, Mr Hristov and the other victims,  
as well as witnesses – including suspects in the incident – were interviewed and two of the attackers  
were identified. Mr Hristov explained that he had been in dispute with one of the two identified men  
over his snail business. The two accused men were subsequently charged and, brought to court in  
2009, were convicted in April 2012. However, the convictions were quashed in October 2012 and the  
case was remitted to the prosecution authorities where it has remained dormant pending the  
identification of the remaining attackers. The criminal proceedings still being pending, Mr Hristov’s  
civil claim, accepted for examination in the criminal proceedings at first-instance, has thus remained  
unexamined.  
Relying in particular on Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) of the European  
Convention on Human Rights, Mr Hristov complained that the criminal proceedings relating to the  
attack against him had already lasted almost 13 years without the authorities having identified,  
convicted or punished all those who attacked him. He alleged that this delay had been intended to  
result in the offence against him – classed as intermediate bodily harm under the domestic law, an  
offence with a limitation period for prosecution of ten years – becoming time-barred, meaning that  
prosecution and civil redress were impossible.  
Violation of Article 3  
Just satisfaction: Mr Hristov did not submit a claim for just satisfaction.  
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Under Articles 43 and 44 of the Convention, Chamber judgments are not final. During the three-month period following a Chamber  
judgment’s delivery, any party may request that the case be referred to the Grand Chamber of the Court. If such a request is made, a  
panel of five judges considers whether the case deserves further examination. In that event, the Grand Chamber will hear the case and  
deliver a final judgment. If the referral request is refused, the Chamber judgment will become final on that day. Under Article 28 of the  
Convention, judgments delivered by a Committee are final.  
Once a judgment becomes final, it is transmitted to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe for supervision of its execution.  
Further information about the execution process can be found here: www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/execution  
Mazzoni v. Italy (no. 20485/06)*  
The applicant, Giuseppe Mazzoni, is an Italian national who was born in 1940 and lives in Udine  
(Italy).  
The case concerned, in particular, the dismissal of an appeal on points of law by Mr Mazzoni in the  
context of proceedings under the “Pinto Act”2 and the public authority’s decision not to pay him  
salary arrears.  
In 1980 Mr Mazzoni, who at the time was a serviceman, was found guilty of embezzlement of public  
funds to the detriment of the Defence Ministry and was ordered to pay compensation to the State.  
He was temporarily suspended from his post. The damage sustained by the State was subsequently  
determined by the Court of Audit, which ordered Mr Mazzoni to pay 699,952 euros to the Treasury.  
In 2002 Mr Mazzoni appealed to the Rome Court of Appeal under the “Pinto Act” to complain about  
a violation of Article 6 § 1 (right to a fair hearing within a reasonable time) of the European  
Convention on Human Rights. The Court of Appeal dismissed his appeal and Mr Mazzoni appealed  
on points of law but was unsuccessful, as the Court of Cassation found that he had not specifically  
addressed the two autonomous findings on which the Court of Appeal had based its judgment  
(reasonable time not exceeded and applicant’s non-pecuniary damage).  
Moreover, in March 2001 the Frioul Regional Administrative Court acknowledged Mr Mazzoni’s right  
to receive salary arrears, but the Ministry of Defence ordered that the total sum due to the applicant  
be withheld in partial compensation for the sum that he himself owed.  
Relying on Article 6 § 1 (right to a fair trial) of the European Convention, Mr Mazzoni complained in  
particular that his appeal on points of law had been dismissed on an excessively formalistic ground,  
namely the fact that he had not disputed the finding of the Court of Appeal concerning non-  
pecuniary damage. Under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (protection of property) to the Convention, he  
complained about the authority’s decision not to pay him salary arrears.  
No violation of Article 6 § 1 (access to court)  
No violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1  
Constantin Nistor v. Romania (no. 35091/12)*  
Ghiroga v. Romania (no. 53168/12)*  
The applicants are Constantin Nistor, who was born in 1960 and lives in Piatra Neamţ (Romania), and  
Florin Ghiroga, who was born in 1974 and lives in Sibiu (Romania).  
In September 2011 Mr Nistor was arrested on suspicion of bribery and remanded in custody from  
29 September to 29 November 2011.  
In April 2012 Mr Ghiroga was taken into police custody by decision of the public prosecutor for the  
department of organised crime and terrorism investigations. Suspected of having hacked computer  
systems, he was remanded in custody from 19 April 2012 to 29 August 2012.  
Relying in particular on Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment), the applicants  
complained about the conditions of their detention, for Mr Nistor on police premises at Bacău, and  
for Mr Ghiroga in the police cells at Câmpina and Târgovişte and in Mărgineni prison. They notably  
complained about prison overcrowding, lack of hygiene, presence of parasites and poor quality of  
food.  
Violation of Article 3 – in both cases  
2 The Pinto Act, which entered into force in 2001, introduced a remedy for excessively lengthy proceedings before the Italian courts.  
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Just satisfaction: 3,000 euros (EUR) (non-pecuniary damage) each to Mr Nistor and Mr Ghiroga, and  
EUR 20 (costs and expenses) to Mr Nistor.  
Rafailović and Stevanović v. Serbia (nos. 38629/07 and 23718/08)  
The applicants, Milan Rafailović and Svetlana Stevanović, are Serbian nationals who were born in  
1958 and 1964 respectively. Milan Rafailović lives in Varna and Svetlana Stevanović lives in  
Sokobanja (both in Serbia).  
Both cases concerned the non-enforcement of judicial decisions given in their favour against their  
respective local communities for payment of debts.  
Mr Rafailović used to run a transport business and, in 1994, he brought proceedings against his local  
community in Pocerski Metković requesting payment for transport services he had provided to  
them. In a judgment of May 2001, which subsequently became final and enforceable, the Serbian  
commercial courts ordered the local community to pay the debt owed to Mr Rafailović.  
Mr Stevanović used to run an installation business and brought proceedings against his local  
community in Sokobanja for payment of maintenance work he had provided on the community’s  
cable-satellite transmission system. In judgments of 2003 and 2004, which subsequently became  
final and enforceable, the enforcement courts ordered the local community to pay the debt owed to  
Mr Stevanović.  
The judgments given in favour of both applicants remain unenforced to date due to their respective  
local communities’ insolvency.  
Relying in particular on Article 6 § 1 (right to a fair trial) and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (protection of  
property), both applicants complained about the failure to enforce the judicial decisions in their  
favour.  
Violation of Article 6 § 1  
Violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1  
Just satisfaction: The Court held that Serbia shall pay to each applicant by way of pecuniary damages  
the sums awarded in the final domestic decisions rendered in their favour. It further awarded EUR  
4,800 each to Mr Rafailović and Ms Stevanović in respect of non-pecuniary damage, and EUR 600  
each in respect of costs and expenses.  
Dicle and Sadak v. Turkey (no. 48621/07)*  
The applicants are two Turkish nationals, Mehmet Hatip Dicle and Selim Sadak, who were born in  
1955 and 1954 respectively and live in Diyarbakır and Şırnak (Turkey) respectively.  
The case concerned alleged breaches of the right to be presumed innocent and the rejection of the  
applicants’ candidatures to the legislative elections of 2007 following their criminal conviction.  
MPs in the Turkish Grand National Assembly and members of the political party DEP (Party of  
Democracy), dissolved by the Constitutional Court, Mr Dicle and Mr Sadak were sentenced in a final  
judgment of 26 October 1995 to 15 years’ imprisonment for membership of an illegal organisation.  
In the judgment Sadak and Others v. Turkey of 17 July 2001, the European Court of Human Rights  
found violations of Article 6 (right to a fair trial) on account of a lack of independence and  
impartiality of the State Security Court, and the failure to inform the applicants in a timely manner of  
the reclassification of the charges against them, together with their inability to examine or have  
examined witnesses against them. Following that judgment, Mr Dicle and Mr Sadak had their trial  
reopened, under Article 327 of the Turkish Code of Criminal Procedure. On 9 March 2007 the Assize  
Court upheld the applicants’ convictions, referring to them in its judgment as “the accused  
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(convicted persons)”, but reduced their prison sentence to seven years and six months. The Court of  
Cassation upheld that decision.  
Mr Dicle and Mr Sadak wished to stand as independent candidates in the legislative elections of  
22 July 2007. The higher electoral board refused their candidatures on the ground that their criminal  
convictions precluded their eligibility, even though since their initial conviction the proceedings had  
been re-opened and were still pending before the Assize Court at the time of the elections.  
The applicants complained that the principle of the presumption of innocence protected by  
Article 6 § 2 of the Convention had been disregarded, particularly on account of the wording used in  
the judgment of the Assize Court dated 9 March 2007. Under Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 (right to free  
elections), they complained of a breach of their right to stand for election as independent  
candidates. Relying on Article 13 (right to an effective remedy) taken together with Article 3 of  
Protocol No. 1, they alleged that under Article 79 of the Constitution the decisions of the higher  
electoral board could not be appealed against to another body.  
Violation of Article 6 § 2  
Violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1  
No violation of Article 13  
Just satisfaction: EUR 6,000 (non-pecuniary damage) each to Mr Dicle and Mr Sadak, and EUR 715  
(costs and expenses) to both applicants jointly  
Levent Bektaş v. Turkey (no. 70026/10)*  
The applicant, Levent Bektaş, was born in 1967 and lives in Istanbul. At the relevant time he was a  
retired army officer and a businessman.  
The case concerned, in particular, Mr Bektaş’s detention on remand on suspicion of being an active  
member of the illegal organisation Ergenekon.  
On 22 April 2009, in the context of an operation against Ergenekon, the Istanbul police arrested  
Mr Bektaş and took him into custody, suspecting him of engaging in activities seeking the overthrow  
of the government by force and violence. During the criminal proceedings against him Mr Bektaş  
applied many times to the Istanbul Assize Court for his release. Each time the Assize Court followed  
the opinion of the public prosecutor’s office, which had not been notified to Mr Bektaş or his  
representative, and dismissed the applications for release, invoking the nature of the charges, the  
strong suspicions against Mr Bektaş, the risk of his absconding, the risk of evidence being  
jeopardised, and the risk that alternatives to detention might be insufficient to ensure his  
participation in the criminal proceedings. On 27 January 2014 the Assize Court, in view of the  
duration of Mr Bektaş’ detention, ordered his release. The case is still pending before the Assize  
Court.  
Relying in particular on Article 5 § 4 (right to obtain a prompt decision by a court on the lawfulness  
of detention), Mr Bektaş complained that there had been no effective remedy by which to seek  
release, in particular because of the inability to obtain notice of the public prosecutor’s opinion.  
No violation of Article 5 § 4 – regarding the lack of an oral hearing during the objection procedure  
Violation of Article 5 § 4 – because of the inability to obtain notice of the public prosecutor’s  
opinion  
Just satisfaction: The Court held that the finding of a violation constituted sufficient just satisfaction  
for any non-pecuniary damage suffered by the applicant.  
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The European Court of Human Rights was set up in Strasbourg by the Council of Europe Member  
States in 1959 to deal with alleged violations of the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights.  
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