mesame seqcia

saqme lopata ruseTis winaaRmdeg

CASE OF LOPATA v. RUSSIA

(ganacxadino. 72250/01)

gadawyvetileba

strasburgi

2010 wlis 13 ivlisi

saboloo versia

13/10/2010

gadawyvetileba saboloo gaxdeba konvenciis 44-e muxlis me-2

punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli garemoebebis SemTxvevaSi. SesaZloa

is daeqvemdebaros redaqciuli xasiaTis gadasinjvas.

1

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

saqmezeLopata v. Russia,

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos palatam (mesame seqcia),

Semdeg mosamarTleTa SemadgenlobiT:

jozef kasadevali, Tavmjdomare,

korneliu birsani,

bostan m. zupanCiCi,

anatoli kovleri,

alvina gulumiani,

egbert maieri,

luis lopes guera, mosamarTleebi,

da santiago kuesada, seqciis registratori

imsjela ganmartoebiT 2010 wlis 22 ivniss,

da amave dRes gamoitana winamdebare gadawyvetileba:

procedura

1. saqme momdinareobs ruseTis moqalaqe, b-ni aleqsandr konstantines Ze

lopatas (SemdgomSi “ganmcxadebeli”) mier adamianis uflebaTa evropul

sasamarTloSi adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli

konvenciis (“konvencia”) 34-e muxlis Tanaxmad, 2001 wlis 26 marts ruseTis

federaciis winaaRmdeg Setanili ganacxadidan (#72250/01).

2. ganmcxcadeblis interesebs warmoadgendnen q-ni d. vedernikova da b-ni

filip liCi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli advokatirebis centris

(EHRAC) advokatebi. ruseTis mTavrobis interesebs warmoadgenda b-ni

pavel laptevi, ruseTis federaciis yofili warmomadgeneli adamianis

uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi.

3. kerZod ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom igi daeqvemdebara wamebas da

msjavri daedo iZulebis Sedegad micemuli aRiarebis safuZvelze.

ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT wamebasTan dakavSirebuli gamoZieba ar iyo

efeqtiani da xelisuflebis organoebi xels uSlidnen mas individualuri

ganacxadiT strasburgis sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis uflebis efeqtian

ganxorcielebaSi.

4. 2005 wlis 3 maisis gadawyvetilebiT, sasamarTlom ganacxadi nawilobriv

miiRo arsebiTad gansaxilvelad.

5. ganmcxadebelma da mTavroba warudgines sasamarTlos werilobiTi

komentarebi

(reglamentis

59

$

1

Sesabamisad).

palatam

miiRo

gadawyvetileba, rom saWiro ar iyo zepiri mosmenis gamarTva saqmis

arsebiTi ganxilvis etapze (sasamarTlo reglamentis 59$3 bolo nawili),

da

Sesabamisad

mxareebma

werilobiT

gasces

pasuxi

erTmaneTis

komentarebs.

1

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

2

faqtebi

I. saqmis garemoebebi

6. ganmcxadebeli daibada 1963 wels da dakavebamde cxovrobda

baSkortostanis respublikis sofel axunovoSi.

a. ganmcxadeblis dakaveba da patimrobaSi moTavseba

1. 2000 wlis agvistoSi ganmcxadeblis savaraudo dapatimreba 14 dRis

ganmavlobaSi

7. 2000 wlis 3 agvistos ganmcxadebeli, ramodenime mis TanasoflelTan

erTad, daakaves da moaTavses uCalis policiis ganyofilebis droebiTi

moTavsebis izolatorSi (ИВС Учалинского ГРОВД, “policiis ganyofileba”).

savaraudod igi cemes da aiZules mieca aRiarebiTi Cveneba sofel

axunovoSi vinme b-ni d-s mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebiT. ganmcxadebeli

dapatimrebuli iyo 14 dRis ganmavlobaSi; misi patimrobis samarTlebrivi

safuZveli

bundovania.

ToTxmet

dRiani

patimrobis

Semdgom

igi

gaaTavisufles.

2. ganmcxadeblis dakaveba 2000 wlis seqtemberSi

8. 2000 wlis 5 seqtembers, ganmcxadebeli kidev daakaves da waiyvanes

policiis ganyofilebaSi. imave dRes igi dakiTxa uCalis raionis

prokuraturis

(“raionuli

prokuratura”)

gamomZiebelma

x.a.-m,

baSkorstanis Sss-s ufrosma operatiulma muSakma v.g-m, policiis

ganyofilebis ufrosma ia.m-m, da kriminaluri policiis ufrosma i.m-m.

ganmcxadeblis Tanaxmad dakiTxvis ganmavlobaSi xsenebuli pirebi masze

axorcielebdnen zewolas, raTa mas eRiarebina d-s mkvleloba. kerZod v.g-m

mas ganumarta detalurad Tu ratom mokla man d., da ganucxada

ganmcxadebels, rom man es danaSauli imitom Caidina, rom dainaxa Tu

rogor iyvnen dakavebulni sqesobrivi aqtiT misi qaliSvili da b-ni d,.

ganmcxadebelma uaryo d-s mkvleloba.

9. mTavrobis Tanaxmad, 2000 wlis 5 seqtembers, x.a-m formalurad auxsna

ganmcxadebels braldebulis uflebebi, maT Soris ufaso samarTlebrivi

daxmarebis miRebis ufleba, da miamgra konkretuli piri b-ni u.r.,

warmomadgenlad.

mTavrobis

mier

warmodgenili

Sesabamisi

oqmi

xelmowerilia x.a-s mier da masze ar aris arc ganmcxadeblis da arc u.r.-

s xelmowerebi.

10. 2000 wlis 6 seqtembers, ganmcxadebelma aiyvana piradi advokati, a.a.,

raTa mas warmoedgina misi interesebi. rogorc Cans xsenebul dRes da

momdevno

dRes

advokatma

moinaxula

ganmcxadebeli

policiis

ganyofilebaSi.

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3

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

11. 2000 wlis

8

seqtembers x.a-m, romelic xelmZRvanelobda d-s

mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebul gamoZiebas, nebarTva gasca ganmcxadeblis

winaswar patimrobaSi moTavsebaze. ganmcxadebels bralad daedo 2000

wlis 29-30 ivlisis Rames misi qaliSvilis megobari d-s mkvleloba.

b. ganmcxadeblis mimarT ganxorcielebuli savaraudo arasaTanado

mopyroba

1. ganmcxadeblis mier movlenebis aRwera

12. 2001 wlis aprilSi, ganmcxadeblis mier ruseTis federaciis uzenaesi

sasamarTlosaTvis wardgenil

erTvoda dauTariRebeli danarTebi,

moiTxovda misi saqmis zedamxedvelobis wesiT gadasinjvas, ganmcxadebeli

Semdegnairad aRwerda im mopyrobas, romelsac igi savaraudod

6

gverdian saCivarSi, romelsac Tan

da romliTac ganmcxadebeli

daeqvemdebara 2000 wlis 8-9 seqtembers. misi monaTxrobi Semdegnairad

SeiZleba iqnes mokled aRwerili.

13. 2000 wlis 8 seqtembris daaxloebiT dRis 3 saaTze, ganmcxadebeli

miiyvanes uCalis policiis ganyofilebaSi, sadac v.g. da ia.m daxvdnen. x.a.

ar imyofeboda iq. v.g-m da ia.m.-m zewola ganaxorcieles ganmcxadebelze,

raTa mas Tavisi nebiT daewera “aRiarebiTi Cveneba” (явка с повинной) da

dapirdnen

ganmcxadebels,

rom

xsenebulis

sancvlod

sTxovdnen

gamomZiebels, rom mas gadaekvalificirebina ganmcxadeblis danaSauli

afeqtSi Cadenil gaufrTxilebel mkvlelobad. ganmcxadebelma ar aRiara

brali da uari ganacxada moTxovnili aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemaze.

14. ia.m-m da v.g.-m daiwyes ganmcxadeblis cema. isini kedelze

artymevinebdnen ganmcxadebels Tavs, xelebs utrialebdnen, urtyamdnen mas

kisersa da mucelSi. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi cemas dro da dro

wyvednen da sTavazobdnen ganmcxadebels eRiarebina danaSauli. samjer

ganmcxadebeli aiZules kedelze mieyrdno xelebi, fexebi farTed gaeSala.

amis Semdgom v.g. mas imgvarad urtyamda, rom ganmcxadebels muxlebi

ekeceboda da ganmcxadebeli vardeboda. ganmcxadebelma uari ganacxada

aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemaze da policiis oficrebs ganucxada, rom

arafers etyoda maT misi advokatis dauswreblad. xsnebulma uaryofam

cemisa da dartymebis axali talRa gamoiwvia. amis Semdgom ganmcxadebeli

ukan waiyvanes sakanSi sulis mosaTqmelad.

15. daaxloebiT saRamos 9 saaTisaTvis, kriminaluri policiis ufrosis

moadgilem gamoiyvana ganmcxadebeli saknidan da aiyvana i.m-s oTaxSi,

romelic me-2 sarTulze mdebareobda. oficrebi ia.m da v.g. oTaxSi iyvnen,

xolo r.x gareT idga. ganmcxadebels aCvenes sxvis mier dawerili

aRiarebiTi Cveneba da ubrZanes, rom Tavadac eRiarebina danaSauli. mas

Semdgom rac man aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemaze uari ganacxada, policiis

oficrebma CarTes televizori da daiwyes ganmcxadeblisaTvis dartymebis

miyeneba saxisa da muxlebis areSi. xsenebuli grZeldeboda daaxloebiT 20

wuTi, amis Semdgom v.g-m pultis gamoyenebiT, televizori daayena imgvar

reJimze, rom igi avtomaturad CarTuliyo

1

saaTSi, xsenebulma

3

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

4

gabnmncxadebels mianiSna, rom mis cemasTan dakavSirebiT cxaddeboda 1

saaTiani Sesveneba. r.x-m, romelic oTaxis gareT icdida, ganmcxadebels

xelborkilebi daado da ukan sakanSi Caiyvana.

16. 1 saaTis Semdgom ganmcxadebeli kvlav aiyvanes ukan oTaxSi. amjerad

i.m SeuerTda v.g-s da i.m-s, xolo r.x ki gareT darCa. ganmcxadebelma uari

ganacxada aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemaze. amis Semdgom oficrebma

ganmcxadebeli miabrunes kedlisaken, karadidan gamoiRes xelketi, Caxades

ganmcxadebels Sarvali da daemuqrnen mas, rom gaaupatiurebdnen

xelketiT. rogorc ki ganmcxadebelma dabla dauSva xelebi, raTa aewia

Sarvali, man miiRo xelketis mravlobiTi dartyma TavSi, zurgsa da

muxlebSi. igi daeca da tuCi gaixeTqa karadis kideze Camortymisas.

mravlobiTi dartymisa da panRuris Semdgom, oficrebma taimeri kvlav 1

saaTze daayenes da i.m-m ganmcxadebeli moaTavsa sakanSi da moTavsebisas

Tavi miartymevina saknis karebze.

17. rodesac ganmcxadebeli kvlav miiyvanes ukan oTaxSi, oficrebi svavdnen

luds da ganmcxadebelsac SesTavazes. ganmcxadebelma dalia ludi da

Semdeg igi ukan gagzavnes sakanSi “raTa mas moefiqrebina aRiarebiTi

Cvenebis micema”.

18. mogvianebiT ganmcxadebeli ramodenimejer gamoiyvanes saknidan da

sxvadasxva oTaxebSi Seiyvanes sadac ia.m-m, i.m-m, v.g-m da r.x-m jer jeriT

awames igi sxvadasxva meTodebiT. ganmcxadeblis xelebi imgvarad iyo

Seborkili, rom SeuZlebeli iyo maTi moZraoba da amave dros man miiRo

ramodenime Zlieri dartyma yurSi. kerZod, v.g-m mokida mas marjvena yurSi

xeli da dauwyo mas marcxena yurSi Zlieri gartymebi. mesame gartymis

Semdgom ganmcxadebelma igrZno Tu rogor Camodioda siTxe misi marcxena

yuridan.

19. 2000 wlis 9 seqtembers, daaxloebiT dilis 5 saaTze, policiis

oficrebma ganmcxadebeli miaciles izolatorSi mdebare gamomZieblis

oTaxamde da ubrZanes mas daewera Tu ras akeTebda 2000 wlis 29 ivliss.

rogorc Cans ganmcxadebelma raRac SecdomiT gaakeTa da oficrebma

“gafuWebuli” qaRaldis nagleji CasCares mas pirSi da kidurebi yoveli

mxriv dautriales.

20. bolos ganmcxadebeli danebda da dawera aRiarebiTi Cveneba imgvarad,

rogorc es mas mianiSna v.g-m 2000 wlis 5 seqtembris pirveli dakiTxvisas.

oficrebma waikiTxes Cveneba da gaagrZeles misi cema, raTa mas kidev ufro

dawvrilebiTi Cveneba mieca. ganmcxadebelma dawera, rom 2000 wlis 30

ivliss daaxloebiT dilis 1.30 sT-ze igi wavida Tavisi qaliSvilis

saZebnelad da aRmoaCina, rom igi dakavebuli iyo sqesobrivi aqtiT viRac

kacTan, ra drosac misi qaliSvili iwva miwaze kacis qveS. ganmcxadebelma

aiRo xis naWeri, Caartya kacs TavSi, xolo qaliSvili ki ukan saxlSi

gagzavna. ganmcxadebelma ver SeZlo dauyovnebliv gadaemala gvami,

radganac misi skuteri gafuWebuli iyo.

21. 2000 wlis 9 seqtembers, daaxloebiT dilis 6:30 wT-ze, ganmcxadebeli

daabrunes sakanSi. imave dRes dilis 11 saaTze ia.m-m da v.g-m aayenes

4

5

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

ganmcxadebeli da uTxres mas, rom moxdeboda misi transportireba ufaSi

mdebare sapatimro dawesebulebaSi. ganmcxadebelma protesti gamoTqva, mas

marjvena yuri dagubebuli hqonda, marcxena yuridan ki sisxli da sxva

siTxe

sdioda.

daaxloebiT

SuadRis

4

saaTze,

x.a-m

gamoiZaxa

ganmcxadebeli da kiTxa mas mzad iyo Tu ara igi, raTa mieca Cveneba.

ganmcxadebelma uari ganacxada advokat a.a-s gareSe Cvenebis micemaze.

gamomZiebelma uTxra ganmcxadebels, rom misi advokatis povna rTuli iyo,

radgan SabaTi dRe iyo. ganmcxadebeli ukan sakanSi daabrunes.

22. 2000 wlis 10 seqtembers ganmcxadebeli sakanSi iyo.

23. 2000 wlis 11 seqtembers i.m-m da droebiTi moTavsebis izolatoris

direqtorma, ganmcxadebeli kerZo manqaniT, Ria feris JiguliT, waiyvanes

beloretskSi mdebare winaswari patimrobis izolatorSi # SI-1/2.

ganmcxadebeli ar gausinjavs eqims da igi pirdapir moaTavses me-13

sakanSi, romlidanac igi gadaiyvanes 43-e sakanSi. iqi igi rCeboda 3 dRis

ganmavlobaSi. 3 dRis Semdgom igi moaTavses 30-e sakanSi. ganmcxadeblis

Tanaxmad, kerZo manqaniT igi imitom waiyvanes winaswari patimrobis

izolatorSi, rom daefaraT dazianebebi.

24. ganmcxadebelma aRwera aseve Tu rogor iyo ganlagebuli oTaxebi,

karebebi, aveji da sxva nivTebi policiis im ganyofilebaSi, sadac mis

mimarT savaraudod ganxorcielda arasaTanado mopyroba.

25. sasamarTlosaTvis wardgenil 2001 wlis 8 ivnisiT daTariRebul

ganacxadSi, ganmcxadebelma analogiurad, Tumca ufro detalurad da

zustad aRwera is mopyroba, romelic ganxorcielda mis mimarT policiis

ganyofilebaSi.

2. Sesabamisi samedicino dokumentacia

a) ganmcxadeblis samedicino istoria

26. mTavrobis mier warmodgenili ganmcxadeblis samedicino istoriaSi,

Semdegi saxis Canawerebi moipoveboda:

“... 11 seqtemberi[2000] Civilebi sasmen milSi arsebul tkivilTan dakavSirebiT

kanis safaris dazianeba ar SeiniSneba gaiara dezinfeqcia, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba

damakmayofilebelia. diagnozi: mwvave otitisi marcxena mxares [обострение хронического

отита слева] ... 25 oqtomberi 2001 ... marcxena yurSi ar esmis Tundac 5 metridan naTqvami.

diagnozi siyruve”.

b) 2000 wlis 18 seqtembris sasamarTlo samedicino daskvna #1060

27. 2000 wlis 18 seqtembris #1060 sasamarTlo samedicino daskvnis

Tanaxmad, romelic gamoica gamomZiebel x.a-s moTxovnis Sedegad romelic

iTvaliswinebda

ganmcxadeblis

mimarT

samedicino

Semowmebis

ganxorcielebas (ix. qvemoT), 2000 wlis 14 seqtembers eqspertma g-m gasinja

ganmcxadebeli a.m-s TandaswrebiT, raTa daedgina aReniSneboda Tu ara

5

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

6

ganmcxadebels raime saxis dazianeba. daskvnis Sesabamisi nawili

Semdegnairad ikiTxeba:

“... Semowmebas eswreba badragi [oficeri] a.m... Semowmeba daiwyo 2000 wlis 14 seqtembers.

Semowmeba dasrulda 2000 wlis 18 seqtembers. saqmis garemoebebi: ... Semowmebis daskvnidan

gamomdinarebs, rom [ganmcxadebelma] ganacxada, rom policiis oficrebma mimarTes

fizikur Zaladobas masTan mimarTebaSi. Civilebi: tkivili marcxena yurSi. obieqturad:

Semowmebis dros ar aReniSneboda xilvadi dazianebebi.... daskvna: Semowmebis dros ar

aReniSneboda tanze xilvadi dazianebebi, amgvarad SeuZlebelia raime komentaris

gakeTeba janmrTelobisaTvis miyenebul zianTan dakavSirebiT...”

g) dokumentebi, romlebic exeba ganmcxadeblis mkurnalobas qalaq uCalis

saavadmyofoSi

28. 2000 wlis 21 seqtembers, ganmcxadeblis advokatma saCivriT mimarTa

raionul prokuraturas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ganmcxadebels ar

mkurnalobdnen marcxena yurSi arsebul tkivilebTan dakavSirebiT. meore

dResve, raionulma prokurorma brZana, rom ganmcxadebeli gadayvaniliyo

qalaq uCalis saavadmyofoSi, raTa igi Seemowmebina oTolaringologs,

xolo Semdgom ki ganxorcielebuliyo misi mkurnaloba.

29. 2000 wlis 26 seqtembers, ganmcxadeblis advokatma TxovniT mimarTa

saqalaqo saavadmyofos, raTa misTvis waredginaT yvela Sesabamisi

informacia

ganmcxadeblis mkurnalobas savaraudod dazianebul yuris apkTan

dakavSirebiT. ganmcxadeblis advokati am dokumentacias iTxovda

da

samedicino

Canawerebi,

romlebic

ukavSirdeboda

sasamarTloSi warsadgenad. kerZod igi sTxovda saavadmyofos, raTa

eqimebs mieTiTebinaT zusti diagnozi, ganxorcielebuli mkurnaloba da

dazianebis Sedegebi ganmcxadeblis janmrTelobisaTvis.

30. dauTariRebeli pasuxiT, saavadmyofos mTavarma eqimma Seatyobina

ganmcxadeblis advokats, rom ganmcxadebeli gasinja oTolaringologma,

romelmac daudgina Semdegi diagnozi: mwvave Cirqovani marcxena yuris

“tubotumpopalpiti” [туботимпопальпит] da smenis otitisi. es ukanaskneli

aseve acxadebda, rom imisaTvis, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo damatebiTi

informaciis wardgena, kerZod ki mkurnalobis xangrZlivobasTan da

ganmcxadeblis janmrTelobisaTvis dazianebis SedegebTan dakavSirebiT,

saWiro iyo misi gasinjva piradad oTolaringologis mier.

d) sofel axunovos saavadmyofos mier gacemuli samedicino mowmoba

31. axunovos soflis saavadmyofos mier 2005 wlis 7 Tebervals gacemuli

samedicino

mowmobis

Tanaxmad,

ganmcxadebels

ar

miumarTavs

saavadmyofosaTvis samedicino daxmarebis mizniT 1997 wlidan – 2000

wlamde periodSi.

e) #UYe-394/3 koloniis xelmZRvanelis mier gacemuli mowmoba

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LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

32. # UYe-394/3 koloniis xelmZRvanelis b-ni m-s mier gacemuli mowmoba,

romelic daTariRebuli iyo 2004 wlis 8 ianvriT da Sedgenili iyo

ganmcxadeblis samedicino istoriis safuZvelze, Semdeg informacias

Seicavda:

“[beloreckis SI-2] dawesebulebaSi 2000 wlis 11 seqtembers Sesaxlebisas

[ganmcxadebeli] Seamowma morige samedicino oficerma S-m, romelsac

ganmcxadebelma

SesCivla

marcxena

yurSi

arsebul

tkivilTan

dakavSirebiT; ganmcxadeblis samedicino istoriaSi arsebuli Canaweris

Tanaxmad, mas diagnozad dausves mwvave qronikuli otitisi marcxena

yurSi...; Semowmebis dros kanis safari ar iyo dazianebuli, xolo

janmrTelobis mdgomareoba ki damakmayofilebeli iyo. [ganmcxadeblis

saxeli] ar fiqsirdeba Sesabamisi drois samedicino CanawerebSi, arc

dazianebebTan dakavSirebul masalebSi da arc incidentebTan da

danaSaulTan dakavSirebul masalebSi”.

3. mowmeTa Cvenebebi

a) beloreckis #SI-1/2 dawesebulebaSi ganmcxadeblis Tanamesaknis Cveneba

33. ganmcxadebelma warmoadgina misi Tanamesaknis i.r-s 2001 wlis 21

apriliT daTariRebuli werilobiTi Cveneba, romlis Tanaxmadac:

“... me, i.r gamoZiebis ganmavlobaSi moTavsebuli viyavi # SI-1/2 dawesebulebaSi, rodesac

2000 wlis 11 seqtembers [ganmcxadebeli] Semoasaxles Cems sakanSi. saxeze mas aSkarad

daxeTqili hqonda tuCebi da aseve aReniSneboda dazianeba marcxena Tvalis qveS; marcxena

yuri gasiebuli hqonda da sisxlis sdioda. me SevekiTxe ganmcxadebels Tu ra daemarTa

mas. man mipasuxa, rom uCalis policiis ganyofilebaSi, oficrebma swored am gziT

moipoves misgan aRiareba. [ganmcxadebelma] gaixada da miCvena tanze arsebuli dazianebebi.

mas bevri dazianeba aReniSneboda tanis rogorc wina mxares aseve ukana mxares. jamSi, igi

sastikad iyo nacemi. ganmcxadeblis saubridan, me Sevityve, rom mas TiTqmis araferi

esmoda, radganac dazianebuli hqonda marcxena yuri.

am momentamde aravis ukiTxavs CemTvis xsenebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb. Tumca, radganac

ganmcxadebelma momTxova amis gakeTeba axla, me Tavs movaled vgrZnob davadasturo, rom

ganmcxadebels aReniSneboda cemis niSnebi, romelTa SemCnevac SesaZlebeli iyo

SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac. me Semdgomac mzad var davadasturo winamdebare Cveneba.

dawerilia Cems mier, [xelmowera]”

34. v.z-s mier 2001 wlis 24 apriliT daTariRebuli werilobiTi Cveneba,

romlis adresatic iyo ruseTis federaciis uzenaesi sasamarTlo da

romelic ganmcxadebelma warmoadgina sasamarTlos winaSe, Semdeg

amonaridebs Seicavda:

“... 2000 wlis seqtemberSi, me, v.z. gamoZiebis ganmavlobaSi Sesaxlebuli viyavi # SI-1/2

dawesebulebis me-13 sakanSi. me maxsovs, rom 2000 wlis 11 seqtembers [ganmcxadebeli]

Semoasaxles Cvens sakanSi. igi nacemi iyo, rac SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac SesamCnevi iyo. r,

romelic aseve iq iyo, SeekiTxa mas Tu ra mouvida mas. [ganmcxadebelma] upasuxa, rom

swored am gziT moipoves misgan aRiarebiTi Cveneba uCalis policiis ganyofilebaSi. mas

tuCebi daxeTqili hqonda, marcxena yuridan siTxe sdioda, dazianeba SeimCneoda marcxena

Tvalis qveS. amis Semdgom man gvanaxa dazianebebi tansa da fexebze. dawerilia Cemi

xeliT [xelmowera]”

7

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

8

b) ganmcxadeblis advokat a.a-s mier warmodgenili Cveneba

35. raionuli prokuroris winaSe ganmcxadeblis mimarT ganxorcielebul

arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebul saCivarSi, romelic

daTariRebuli iyo 2000 wlis 14 seqtembriT (ix. qvemoT 39-e punqti), a.a.

acxadebda:

“... 2000 wlis 12 seqtembers... me.. mivedi beloreckis winaswari patimrobis #SI-2 cixeSi da

ganmcxadebelze SevamCnie dazianebebi da wamebis niSnebi.

sxeulze arsebuli dazianebebi: iarebi marjvena Tvalsa da yurs Soris, qveda tuCTan

marjvena mxares, marcxena yuridan sisxlnarevi siTxis dena; 15-17×8-10 sm dazianeba mzis

wnulis midamoSi, dazianebebi da daCirqeba marcxena fexze; sisxlCaqceva marjvena

muxlze; xelborkilebis niSnebi; marjvena Tvalis qveS arsebuli Calurjeba, tuCis Sida

mxares arsebuli naxeTqi...”

36. uCalinskis saqalaqo sasamarTlosaTvis 2000 wlis 17 seqtembers

wardgenil saCivarSi (ix. punqti 40), ganmcxadeblis advokatma Semdegi

dazianebebi moixsenia:

“.. 12 seqtembers me SevamCnie ganmcxadeblis saxeze arsebuli dazianebebi, tuCis Sida

mxares arsebuli naxeTqi, marjvena Tvalis qveS arsebuli iara, iarebi da daCirqeba

marcxena fexze, muclis areSi arsebuli uzarmazari iara, ukana mxares Tirkmlis

midamoSi arsebuli iara, sisxlCaqceva marjvena muxlze; igi aseve Cioda, rom marcxena

yuris apki gauxeTqes da rom mudmivad sdioda yuridan sisxlnarevi siTxe, rom yvela

kunTi, saxsari da Zvali stkioda, radgan igi daeqvemdebara egred wodebul ‘lastoCkas’

(‘mercxalis’) meTods – rodesac igi mucelze daawvines da xelebi da fexebi Seukres

zurgis ukana mxares”

g) ganmcxadeblis Zmis Cveneba

37. ganmcxadeblis Zmis werilobiTi Cvenebis Tanaxmad, 2004 wlis ivnisSi

man

2

dRiT moinaxula ganmcxadebeli ufaSi mdebare # UYe-393/4

koloniaSi. ganmcxadebelma mas SesCivla laviwis Zvlis marcxena mxares

arsebul tkivilTan, marcxena yurSi siyruvis, da Tirkmelebis midamoebSi

arsebul yru tkivilTan dakavSirebiT. janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebul

xsenebul problemebs ganmcxadebeli ukavSirebda 2000 wlis seqtemberSi

uCalis policiis ganyofilebaSi ganxorcielebul cemas. ganmcxadeblis

Zmis Tanaxmad, man dainaxa ganmcxadeblis laviwis ZvalTan fundukis zomis

amonaburci. ganmcxadebels xSirad stkioda laviwis Zvali Ramis

ganmavlobaSi da gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac amindi icvleboda.

ganmcxadebels ar esmoda marcxena yurSi da mudmivad sdioda gamonadeni.

igi aseve Cioda Tirkmelebis midamoebSi mudmiv tkivilTan dakavSirebiT.

ganmcxadeblis Zmis Tanaxmad, ganmcxadebeli xSirad gadioda tualetSi.

g) savaraudo arasaTanaTo mopyrobis gamoZieba

1. raionuli prokuraturis mier ganxorcielebuli gamoZieba

8

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LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

38. 2000 wlis 13 seqtembers ganmcxadebeli dakiTxa x.a-m misi advokatis

TandaswrebiT. ganmcxadebelma ganacxada, rom mas ar mouklavs d. da rom

misi aRiarebiTi Cveneba misgan moipoves ganxorcielebuli zewolis

Sedegad oficrebma ia.m-m, “ufas policiis oficerma”, “policiis maiorma”

da “mrgvalsaxianma policiis oficerma”.

39. 2000 wlis 14 seqtembers ganmcxadeblis advokatma saCivriT mimarTa

raionul prokuraturas da moiTxova wamebis faqtTan dakavSirebiT

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvra i.m.-s ia.m-s da ori ucnobi policiis

oficris winaaRmdeg. igi uTiTebda, rom 2000 wlis 12 seqtembers

ganmcxadeblis monaxulebis Semdgom, man ganmcxadeblis tanze SeamCnia

mravali dazianeba da isini detalurad aRwera (ix. 36-e punqti). man aseve

ganacxada, rom ganmcxadebeli awames misi xelebisa da fexebis zurgsukan

erTad SekvriT. advokati xazs usvamda im faqts, rom policiis oficrebma

gangeb waiyvanes 2000 wlis 11 seqtembers ganmcxadebeli beloreckis SI-2

cixeSi, raTa daemalaT ganmcxadeblis sxeulze arsebuli dazianebebi da

gadaemalaT ganmcxadebeli advokatisagan, xolo mkvlelobis saqmis

gamomZiebeli ki Seekra damnaSaveebs da xeli SeuSala mas Tavis klientTan

Sexvedraze, ra drosac yalbad ganacxada, rom im konkretul dRes

ganmcxadebeli gayvanili iyo “SemTxvevis adgilas misi Cvenebebis

gadasamowmeblad”. amiT gamomZiebels undoda advokati daerwmunebina, rom

ganmcxadebeli kvlav uCalSi imyofeboda da ara beloreckSi. da bolos,

advokatma moiTxova ganmcxadeblis samedicino Semowmeba.

40. 2000 wlis 17 seqtembers, ganmcxadeblis advokatma TxovniT mimarTa

uCalinskis raionul sasamarTlos (“raionuli sasamarTlo”), raTa mas

gaeTavisuflebina ganmcxadebeli. Tavis saCivarSi advokatma aseve miuTiTa

ganmcxadeblis mimarT policiaSi yofnisas ganxorcielebul savaraudo

arasaTanado mopyrobaze da detalurad gaimeora is dazianebebi,

romlebic man SeniSna ganmcxadebelze 2000 wlis 12 seqtembers. advokatma

xazi gausva im faqts, rom policiis oficrebma gadamales misgan misi

klienti da 2000 wlis 11 seqtembers waiyvanes beloreckSi # SI-2

sapatimroSi, romelSi Sesaxlebis momentSic, ganmcxadebeli ar gausinjavs

samedicino personals. advokatis mtkicebiT, miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom

2000 wlis 15 seqtembers prokurorma g-m brZana ganmcxadeblis samedicino

Semowmeba, advokats seriozuli eWvebi hqonda am Semowmebis SedegebTan

dakavSirebiT, radganac sasamarTlo samedicino eqsperti f. SvebulebaSi

imyofeboda da amgvarad Semowmeba Catardeboda beloreckSi, amave dros ki

uCalis policiis ganyofilebis oficrebma moinaxules ganmcxadebeli

beloreckis winaswari patimrobis cixeSi da daemuqrnen mas “mwvave

garTulebebiT” Tuki is “marTebulad ar moiqceoda”.

41.

daudgenel

dRes

mimarT

pretenziebze.

raionulma

ganxorcielebul

mokvlevis

prokuraturam

daiwyo

mokvleva

ganmcxadeblis

dakavSirebul

arasaTanado

mimdinareobisas

mopyrobasTan

raionulma

prokurorma CamoarTva werilobiTi ganmartebebi oficrebs i.m-s, ia.m-s., r.x-

s, da v.g-s.

9

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

10

42. raionuli prokuroris winaSe wardgenil werilobiT ganmartebaSi,

romelic daTariRebuli iyo 2000 wlis 21 seqtembriT, ia.m-m ganacxada, rom

2000 wlis 9 seqtembers man da “sxva oficrebma” warmarTes “saubari”

ganmcxadebelTan droebiTi moTavsebis izolatorSi. xsenebuli saubris

dros, ganmcxadebelma dawera aRiarebiTi Cveneba da detalurad aRwera

mis mier Cadenili mkvlelobis garemoebebi.

43. 2000 wlis 22 seqtembriT daTariRebul werilobiT CvenebaSi, i.m-m

ganacxada, rom 2000 wlis 9 seqtembers man da sxva oficrebma warmarTes

“saubari” ganmcxadebelTan policiis SenobaSi mdebare izolatoris

sakanSi. xsenebuli saubris dros ganmcxadebelma Tavisi nebiT dawera

aRiarebiTi Cveneba. i.m-s Tanaxmad, policiis oficrebi ar Casulan

izolatoris sakanSi 2000 wlis

ganmcxadebelTan” am dRes.

8

seqtembers da “ar umuSaviaT

44. raionuli prokurorisadmi micemul dauTariRebel werilobiT

CvenebaSi, v.g-m ganacxada, rom 2000 wlis 9 seqtembers, izolatoris sakanSi

ganmcxadebelTan saubrisas, am ukanasknelma dawera aRiareba mas Semdgom,

rac v.g-m da policiis sxva oficrebma mas warudgines “garkveuli

informacia”.

45. 2000 wlis 23 seqtembriT daTariRebul ganmartebaSi, r.x-m ganacxada,

rom mas ar “daumuSavebia ganmcxadebeli” da ar miuRia misgan aRiarebiTi

Cveneba. man ganacxada, rom mxolod Tavdapirvel etapze, rodesac

ganmcxadebeli daakaves administraciul gadacdomasTan dakavSirebiT,

hqonda masTan Sexeba.

46. policiis yvela oficerma uaryo ”arakanonieri meTodebis” gamoyeneba

an ganmcxadeblis wameba da ganacxada, rom xsenebuli pretenziebi

ciliswameba iyo.

47. 2000 wlis 24 seqtembris gadawyvetilebiT, raionuli prokuroris

moadgilem uari ganacxada policiis im oficrebis winaaRmdeg sisxlis

samarTalwarmoebis

ganaxorcieles

aRZvraze,

savaraudo

romlebmac

arasaTanado

ganmcxadeblis

mopyroba.

mimarT

miRebuli

gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad:

“2000 wlis 14 seqtembers advokatma a.a-m saCivriT mimarTa uCalis raionul prokuraturas

da ganacxada, rom 2000 wlis 8 seqtembris dRis 3 saaTidan 2000 wlis 9 seqtembris dilis

7

saaTamde mis klients scemdnen policiis oficrebi uCalis raionis policiis

ganyofilebaSi.

mokvlevam daadgina, rom [ganmcxadebeli] marTlac iyo moTavsebuli uCalis policiis

ganyofilebaSi dakavebulis saxiT 2000 wlis 8 seqtembridan 9 seqtembramde. Tumca ver

iqna dadgenili, rom raime saxis fizikuri Zaladoba iqna gamoyenebuli mis mimarT.

miuxedavad ganmcxadeblis mtkicebisa, rom policiis oficrebma igi sastikad scems da

urtyes sxeulis praqtikulad yvela nawilSi, xsenebulTan [dakavSirebiT] dakiTxulma

oficrebma ganacxades, rom maT ar gamouyenebiaT raime saxis Zaladoba ganmcxadeblis

mimarT; ufro metic, 2000 wlis 14 seqtembris sasamarTlo samedicino eqspertizis

Tanaxmad [ganmcxadeblis] sxeulze ver iqna aRmoCenili raime saxis dazianeba.

amgvara,d [ganmcxadeblis] pretenziebi policiis oficrebis mier mis cemasTan

dakavSirebiT, seriozul eWvs iwvevs realobasTan maTi Sesabamisobis kuTxiT”.

10

11

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

48. bolos, aRniSnul iqna, rom gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb unda cnobeboda

ganmcxadebels

da

mas

aseve

unda

miwodeboda

informacia

am

gadawyvetilebis

zemdgomi

prokuroris

an sasamarTlos

winaSe

gasaCivrebis Sesaxeb.

49. 2000 wlis 4 oqtombris weriliT raionis prokuroris moadgilem

upasuxa ganmcxadeblis advokats, rom man ganixila misi saCivari

ganmcxadeblis arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT da 2000 wlis 24

seqtembers miiRo gadawyvetileba uari ganecxadebina xsenebul saCivarTan

dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis aRZvraze. werilSi aseve

miTiTebuli iyo imis Sesaxeb, rom ganmcxadebels SeeZlo gaesaCivrebina

saqmis aRZvraze xsenebuli uari zemdgom prokurorTan an raionul

sasamarTloSi.

2. arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli Semdgomi saCivrebi

50.

daudgenel

dRes,

ganmcxadeblis

advokatma,

baSkortostanis

respublikis prokurorTan waradgina saCivari ganmcxadeblis mimarT

ganxorcielebul arasaTanado mopyrobasTan, iseve rogorc ganmcxadeblis

mimarT oficrebis v.g-sa da i.m-s gangrZobad muqarebTan dakavSirebiT.

51. 2000 wlis 3 oqtombers, ganmcxadeblis advokatma saCivari waradgina

baSkortostanis

respublikis

prokurorTan,

winaswari

patimrobis

periodSi ganmcxadeblis uflebebis sxvadasxva darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT

da amave dros gaimeora arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli

saCivari. advokati aseve Cioda, rom sasamarTlo samedicino eqspertma,

romelmac ver aRmoaCina raime saxis fizikuri dazianeba ganmcxadeblis

sxeulze 2000 wlis 14-18 seqtembers ganxorcielebuli Semowmebis Sedegad,

Caidina sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli, radganac garda aSkara fizikuri

dazianebisa, cemis Sedegad aseve iqna dazianebuli ganmcxadeblis

Tirkmelebi da Sardis buSti. bolos, advokatis mtkicebiT, miuxedavad im

faqtisa, rom man raionul prokurors TxovniT mimarTa jerovani

samedicino Semowmeba Catareboda ganmcxadebels, misi es moTxovna ar

dakmayofilda da Semowmeba ar Catarda.

d. advokatTan ganmcxadeblis komunikaciis savaraudo SezRudva

52. ganmcxadeblis advokatis Tanaxmad, 2000 wlis 8 seqtembers, man

nebarTva miiRo uCalis policiis ganyofilebis ufrosisagan, rom

moenaxulebina ganmcxadebeli. Tumca a.m-s satelefono zaris Semdgom, mas

uari ganucxades misi dacvis qveS myofis monaxulebaze. imave dRes man

saCivriT mimarTa raionul prokuraturas.

53. a.a-s saCivris Semdgom raionulma prokuraturam dakiTxa badragi J.g da

oficeri ia.m. J.g-m dauTariRebel werilobiT ganmartebaSi ganacxada, rom

2000 wlis 8 seqtembris dilis daaxloebiT 11 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, a.a.

mivida droebiTi moTavsebis izolatorSi da warmoadgina ganmcxadeblis

monaxulebis nebarTva. am dros ganmcxadebeli imyofeboda gamomZiebel x.a-

11

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

12

sa da J-g-sTan erTad da amitom badragis sxva oficrebma uari ganucxades

advokats ganmcxadeblis monaxulebaze gamomZieblis Tanxmobis gareSe.

amis ASemdgom a.a wavida gamomZieblis sanaxavad da aRar dabrunebula.

dauTariRebel werilobiT ganmartebaSi, ia.m-m uaryo advokatisaTvis

ganmcxadeblis monaxulebaze uaris Tqmis faqti da ganacxada, rom

radganac

ganmcxadeblis

saqmis

gamoZiebaze

pasuxismgebeli

iyo

prokuratura, ganmcxadeblis advokats klientis naxvis nebarTva unda

moepovebina x.a-sgan.

54. 2000 wlis 25 seqtembers, raionuli prokuroris moadgilem upasuxa

ganmcxadeblis advokats, rom man ganixila xsenebuli sakiTxi da ver

aRmoaCina raime saxis darRveva.

55. baSkortostanis respublikis prokurorisadmis wardgenil da 2000

wlis 3 oqtombriT daTariRebul saCivarSi ganmcxadeblis advokati Cioda,

rom

ganmcxadebelTan

misi

vizitisaTvis

xelis

SeSla,

arRvevda

ganmcxadeblis dacvis uflebas. kerZod ganmcxadeblis saCivris Tanaxmad:

“.. 2000 wlis 8 seqtembers me piradad mivedi raionul prokuraturaSi x.a-s sanaxavad,

radganac me ar momces ufleba momenaxulebina ganmcxadebeli misi nebarTvis gareSe.

raionulma prokurorma ganmicxada, rom Tavad eZebda x.a-s.. me vuTxari raionul

prokurors, rom me ar momces ufleba momenaxulebina Cemi klienti droebiTi moTavsebis

izolatorSi, Tumca amaze prokurors aranairi reaqcia ar qonia. ufro metic,

prokuroris moadgilem, romelmac miiRo xsenebul sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli saCivari,

uyuradRebod datova igi da reagireba moaxdina mxolod 2000 wlis 25 seqtembers. [Tavis

pasuxSi] igi amtkicebda, rom me droebiTi moTavsebis izolatorSi mivedi dilis 11

saaTze da Semdgom wamovedi. Tumca me maqvs Canaweri, romlis Tanaxmadac policiis

ufrosma ufleba momca momenaxulebina Cemi klienti, amave dros rodesac me mivedi

droebiTi moTavsebis centrSi badragis oficrebma uari ganacxades CemTan amoeyvanaT

ganmcxadebeli da miuTiTes gamomZiebel x.a-s Sesabamisi nebarTvis arqonaze. Tumca

arsebobs Canaweri, romlis Tanaxmadac gamomZiebels “saubari hqonda” ganmcxadebelTan

saRamos 4 saaTidan 9 saaTamde imave dRes. xsenebuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, 8-dan 9

seqtembris Rames, dilis 3-dan 7 saaTamde, ganmcxadebeli sastikad iqna nacemi oficrebis

ia.m-s, i.m-s, r.x-s, da v.g-s mier, romelic aris baSkortostanis Sinagan saqmeTa

saministros oficeri. es ukanaskneli oficeri iyenebda wamebis yvelaze srulyofil

meTodebs”.

56. ar arsebobs raime saxis miniSneba, rom ganmcxadeblis advokatma miiRo

raime pasuxi Tavis saCivarTan dakavSirebiT.

e. ganmcxadebelis sasamarTlo procesi

1. sasamarTlo procesi

57. daudgenel dRes ganmcxadeblis saqme gansaxilvelad gadaigzavna

baSkortostanis

respublikis

uCalinskis

raionul

sasamarTloSi

(“raionuli sasamarTlo”).

12

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LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

58. sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmis Tanaxmad 2001 wlis 4 ianvars gamarTul

pirvel mosmenaze ganmcxadeblis advokatma waradgina saCivari, rom

ganmcxadeblis aRiarebiTi Cveneba mopovebuli iyo zewolis Sedegad. igi

aseve amtkicebda, rom igi ar SeuSves Tavis klientTan 2000 wlis 8

seqtembers da rom aRiarebiTi Cveneba gamoZiebam moipova mis iq

aryofnisas. advokati TxovniT mimarTavda sasamarTlos, raTa mas: sxva

sakiTxebTan

romlebic exeboda ganmcxadeblis mimarT ganxorcielebul savaraudo

arasaTanado mopyrobas; daekiTxa policiis oficrebi, romlebic

erTad,

prokuraturidan

gamoeTxova

saqmis

masalebi,

savaraudod monawileobdnen ganmcxadeblis cemaSi da aseve daekiTxa is

eqsperti, romelmac ganmcxadebeli gasinja 2000 wlis 14 seqtembers da

gamoekiTxa Tu rogor ver SeniSna arasaTanado mopyrobis kvali, maSin

rodesac Tavad advokatma SeniSna arasaTanado mopyrobis kvali

ganmcxadeblis sxeulze; gamoeTxova policiis ganyofilebidan patimrebis

dakiTvis ganrigi; da daedgina Tu ramdenjer iqna ganmcxadebeli

dasakiTxad gayvanili saknidan 2000 wlis 8-9 seqtembers da aseve

gamoeTxova informacia SI-1/2 winaswari patimrobis izolatoridan

ganmcxadeblis samedicino SemowmebasTan dakavSirebuli dokumentebi,

romlebic Sedgenil iqna ganmcxadeblis izolatorSi Sesaxlebisas.

sasamarTlom daakmayofila moTxovna mokvlevis masalebis warmodgenasTan,

policiis oficrebis dakiTxvasa da dakiTxvis ganrigTan dakavSirebiT,

Tumca uaryo yvela danarCeni moTxovna.

59. sasamarTlo mosmenaze ganmcxadebelma ganacxada, rom igi udanaSaulo

iyo. man uaryo, rom mokla d. da ganacxada, rom misi aRiarebiTi Cveneba

mopovebul iqna arasaTanado mopyrobis Sedegad. man ganacxada, rom 2000

wlis 8 seqtembers dRis 3 saaTidan 2000 wlis 9 seqtembris dilis 7

saaTamde oficrebi i.m, ua.m da “ufis policiis oficeri” scemdnen mas,

pirSi qaRalds stenidnen, raTa aravis gaego misi yvirili. 2000 wlis 11

seqtembers, igi gadaiyvanes beloreckSi #SI-2 izolatorSi, sadac igi ar

gausinjavs samedicino personals. 2000 wlis 14 seqtembers, ganmcxadebeli

waiyvanes samedicino Semowmebis gasavlelad, magram eqspertma Tavisi

daskvna Seadgina mxolod werilobiTi dokumentaciis safuZvelze da ar

gausinjavs igi.

60. ganmcxadeblis arasrulwlovanma qaliSvilma aseve gadaTqva 2000 wlis

5 seqtembers m-s TandaswrebiT micemuli Cveneba, romelic iyo bavSvTa

oTaxis inspeqtori uCalis saganmanaTleblo departamentSi. xsenebul

dRes ganmcxadeblis qaliSvilma ganacxada, rom 2000 wlis 29 ivlisis

Rames isini erTad ijdnen d-sTan erTad xis morze. igi zemodan iyo

moqceuli da d-sTan seqsiT iyo dakavebuli. rodesac misi mama gamoCnda

ucabedad, man Tavi moaCvena TiTqos mxolod d-s gverdiT ijda.

danaxvisTanave mamam saxlSi ubrZana mas wasvla. meore dRes mamamisi

ganerviulebuli iyo da dedas ganucxada, rom savaraudod gvami ukve

aRmoaCines. sasamarTlo sxdomaze m-m ganacxada sasamarTlos winaSe, rom

ganmcxadeblis qaliSvilma Cveneba misca Tavisi nebiT, gamomZieblis

mxridan raime saxis zewolis gareSe. sasamarTlom brZana xelnaweris

Semowmeba, romlis Sedegadac eqspertma daadastura, rom ganmcxadeblis

13

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

14

qaliSvilis dakiTxvis Sedegad Sedgenili dokumentebi qaliSvilis xeliT

iyo dawerili.

61. sasamarTlom dakiTxa 31 piri. mowme n-m, romelmac Cveneba misca

gamoZiebis versiis sawinaaRmdegod im kuTxiT, rom ganacxada Tu rogor

dainaxa kerZo manqana danaSaulis adgilis maxloblad mkvlelobis Rames,

ganacxada, rom “ufis policiis oficeri” emuqreboda mas, rom Tuki igi

sasamarTloze miscemda ganmcxadeblis sasargeblo Cvenebas, mas cixeSi

gamoamwyvevdnen. mowme x-m, romelmac ganacxada, Tu rogor dainaxa pirTa

jgufi danaSaulis adgilas mkvlelobis Rames, Tu rogor davarda raRac

miwaze da Tu rogor dainaxa iqve gaCerebuli manqana, ganacxada, rom igi

gamoiZaxes policiis ganyofilebaSi da viRac oficerma s-m SeekiTxa mas

gadauxada Tu ara ganmcxadeblis colma mas qrTami Cvenebis sanacvlod. x.

aseve acxadebda, rom mas aseve SesTavazes fuli Tu gaCumdeboda imasTan

dakavSirebiT rac dainaxa mkvlelobis Rames. oficerma z-m daadastura,

rom 2000 wlis 1 agvistos, anu d-s gvamis aRmoCenis meore dRes,

danaSaulis adgili moasufTaves soflis administraciis brZanebiT.

62. sasamarTlom dakiTxa oficrebi i.m, r.x, da v.g. oficerma i.m-m

ganacxada, rom 2000 wlis 9 seqtembers igi SvebulebaSi imyofeboda da ar

eswreboda ganmcxadeblis dakiTxvas. v.g-m ganacxada Semdegi:

“.. me veswrebodi ganmcxadeblis dakiTxvas; me mxolod maSin Sevedi, rodesac

mimdinareobda ganmcxadeblis dakiTxva

...

me davinaxe, Tu rogor yveboda ganmcxadebeli d-s mkvlelobis Sesaxeb...

..

me ar maxsovs viyavi Tu ara droebiTi moTavsebis izolatorSi. albaT viyavi da vesaubre

mas..”

63. rogorc Cans saqmis masalebidan r.x-m. ar uaryo ganmcxadeblis

dakiTxvis faqti. amave dros rogorc masalebidan Cans erovnulma

sasamarTlom ar dakiTxa ia.m rogorc mowme. yvela sxva oficerma myarad

uaryo raime saxis “arakanonieri meTodis” gamoyeneba ganmcxadebelTan

mimarTebaSi.

64. daskvniT sityvaSi, ganmcxadeblis advokatma sasamarTlos yuradReba

gaamaxvila gamoZiebis masalebSi arsebul sxvadasxva uzustobaze. man aseve

xazi gausva im faqts, rom policiis oficrebi, romlebsac ganmcxadebeli

brals sdebda arasaTanado mopyrobis ganxorcielebaSi, cruobdnen: maSin

rodesac sasamarTloSi isini acxadebdnen, rom 2000 wlis 9 seqtembers maT

ar daukiTxavT ganmcxadebeli da rom ar arsebobda raime saxis Canaweri

dakiTxvis mizniT ganmcxadeblis saknidan gayvanasTan dakavSirebiT,

TavianT CvenebebSi, romlebic policiis oficrebma misces prokuraturas

warmoebuli mokvlevisas, maT naTlad ganacxades, rom 2000 wlis 9

seqtembers isini esaubrnen ganmcxadebels da rom man swored am dRes

gaakeTa aRiarebiTi Cveneba. advokati acxadebda, rom ganmcxadebeli ar

gasinja eqimma beloreckis # SI-2 izolatorSi Sesaxlebisas, miuxedavad

imisa, rom ganmcxadebeli uCioda tkivilebs yuris areSi da mas

aReniSneboda dazianebebi saxeze. garda xsenebulisa, gamomZiebeli x.a da

14

15

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

eqsperti g., romelmac gasinja ganmcxadebeli, adre erTad muSaobdnen

beloreckSi da megobrebi iyvnen; Sesabamisad miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom

eqspertma SeniSna dazianebebi, man imgvarad Seadgina daskvna, rogorc es

mas miuTiTa x.a-m.

msjavrdeba pirvel instanciaSi

65. 2001 wlis 15 ianvris ganaCeniT raionulma sasamarTlom damnaSaved cno

ganmcxadebeli d-s mkvlelobaSi da pirvel rigSi daeyrdno mis aRiarebiT

Cvenebas, romelic gamyarebuli iyo misi qaliSvilis mier winaswari

gamoZiebisas micemuli CvenebiT, mowmeTa CvenebebiT da sasamarTlo

samedicino mtkicebulebebiT. kerZod, sasamarTlom miuTiTa l-s Cvenebaze,

romelmac axsena Tu rogor gaigona d-s da ganmcxadeblis qaliSvilis

xmebi danaSaulis adgilis maxloblad mkvlelobis Rames, g-s Cveneba,

romelmac ganacxada rom dainaxa Tu rogor kocnidnen erTmaneTs d. da

ganmcxadeblis qaliSvili mkvlelobis Rames, gardaclilis gvamis

eqspertizam ki gamoavlina ramodenime Wriloba gardacvlilis Tavze.

66. sasamarTlom uaryo ganmcxadeblis pretenzia, imasTan dakavSirebiT,

rom misi aRiarebiTi Cveneba mopovebul iqna arasaTanado mopyrobis

Sedegad, da miuTiTa policiis oficrebis i.m-s, ia.m-s da v.g-s Cvenebebze

iseve rogorc eqspertis #1060 daskvnaze, romelSic araferi iyo

moxsenebuli ganmcxadeblis sxeulze arsebul dazianebebTan dakavSirebiT.

67. saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos pasuxi ar gaucia ganmcxadeblis

argumentze imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom misi aRiareba aramxolod zewolis

Sedegad iqna miRebuli, aramed mopovebul iqna advokatis dauswreblad.

ganmcxadebels miesaja 9 wliani patimroba.

68. ganmcxadebelma gaasaCivra misi msjavrdeba. kerZod, saapelacio

saCivarSi igi acxadebda, rom misi aRiarebiTi Cveneba dauSveblad unda

yofiliyo miCneuli, radganac mopovebul iqna zewolis Sedegad da

advokatis dauswreblad. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom i.m-m, ia.m-m da v.g-m

cru Cvenebebi misces sasamarTlos. garda xsenebulisa, ganmcxadebeli

Cioda im faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rom igi farulad gadaiyvanes SI-1/2

winaswari patimrobis izolatorSi, sadac igi ar gausinjavs jerovnad

eqims, raTa ar gamJRavnebuliyo cemis niSnebi. ganmcxadeblis gadayvanam

SesaZlebloba misca policiis oficrebs, raTa ganmcxadeblisaTvis

SeezRudaT xelmisawvdomoba advokatze da gaeWianurebinaT samedicino

gamokvlevis Catareba. ufro metic, eqspertma, romelmac Caatara

gamokvleva 2000 wlis 14 seqtembers, megobrobda gamomZiebelTan da gasca

swored is saeqsperto daskvna, romelic esaWiroeboda gamoZiebas.

3. 2001 wlis 15 martis ganaCenis gasaCivreba

69. 2001 wlis 15

marts baSkortostanis respublikis uzenaesma

sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila saapelacio saCivari. rac Seexeba

mtkicebulebis saxiT ganmcxadeblis aRiarebis gamoyenebas, romelic

savaraudod mopovebuli iyo zewolis Sedegad, uzenaesma sasamarTlom

15

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

16

daadgina, rom gamomZieblebma da saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTloebma

yuradRebiT ganixiles ganmcxadeblis pretenziebi da jerovnad uaryves

isini, rogorc dausabuTebeli pretenziebi. kerZod, saqmis ganxilvelma

sasamarTlom

dakiTxa

policiis

oficrebi,

romlebmac

uaryves

ganmcxadeblis mimarT raime saxis Zaladobis gamoyeneba, xolo eqspertma

ki daaskvna, rom ganmcxadebels ar gaaCnda raime saxis dazianeba. aRiareba

dawerili iyo ganmcxadeblis xeliT; man Tavisi xeliT daadastura, rom

Cvenebis micema ganaxorciela raime saxis fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri

zewolis gareSe. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCeni arafers ambobda

ganmcxadeblis pretenziis sapasuxod, romlis Tanaxmadac misi aRoiareba

mopovebul iqna misi advokatis dauswreblad.

v) ganmcxadeblis savaraudo daSineba

70. 2003 wlis 15 oqtombers, evropulma sasamarTlom acnoba mopasuxe

mTavrobas strasburgis sasamarTloSi wardgenili ganacxadis Sesaxeb

1. ganmcxadeblis Zmis werili

71. 2004 wlis 18 ianvars sasamarTlom faqsis saSualebiT miiRo werili

ganmcxadeblis Zmisagan (romelic Tavdapirvel etapze warmoadgenda Tavis

Zmas sasamarTlos winaSe), romelSic ganmcxadeblis Zma iuwyeboda, rom

ganmcxadebels aSinebdnen da aiZulebdnen ganacxadis ukan gamotanas. 2004

wlis 21 ianvris werilSi ganmcxadeblis Zmam damatebiTi detalebi

warmoadgina. igi Semdegnairad aRwerda faqtebs:

“.. msurs gacnoboT im saubris Sesaxeb, romelic gaimarTa Cems Zmasa da departamentis

kapitans Soris, romelmac ar warudgina Cems Zmas piradobis dokumentebi da ar uTqvia

saxeli da gvari. xsenebuls adgili hqonda 2004 wlis 6 ianvars. kapitanma pirvelad

sTxova, xolo Semdgom ki ubrZana, Cems Zmas werilobiT aRewera 2000 wels momxdari

movlenebi. man uTxra Cems Zmas: ‘Sen imgvarad unda dawero, rogorc es me msurs’ Cemma Zmam

upasuxa: ‘me ar davwer raimes da arc xels movawer Cemi advokatis gareSe. kapitani: ‘ar

maintereseb arc Sen arc Seni advokati, yvelaferi ise iqneba, rogorc me vityvi. Tqven

paikebi xarT. ise movawyob, rom aq mokvdebi or kviraSi, magram sasurvel Cvenebas mainc

momcem’

Cven Zalian gvaSfoTebs erTi sakiTxi. ratom ar Camovida aq Tavad evropis sasamarTloSi

ruseTis warmomadgeneli moskovidan da ratom mivida iq kapitani da mosTxova

ganmcxadebels daewera ganmarteba?”

72. 2004 wlis 13 Tebervals, sasamarTlom moiTxova komentarebis wardgena

mTavrobisagan.

73. 2004 wlis 5 aprils mTavrobam acnoba sasamarTlos, rom 2004 wlis 6

ianvars kapitani g., romelic muSaobda ganaCenTa aRsrulebis federaluri

samsaxuris

baSkortostanis

respublikis

ganyofilebaSi

(“gafs-is

regionuli departamenti”), “esaubra” ganmcxadebels “raTa gamoerkvia is

garemoebebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo evropis sasamarTloSi mis mier

ganacxadis wardgenas”. raime sxva damatebiTi detalis wardgenis gareSe,

mTavrobam Tavis pasuxs Tan daurTo ganmcxadeblis werilobiTi

16

17

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

ganmarteba, romelic daTariRebuli iyo 2004 wlis 3 martiT, da romlis

adresatic iyo gafs-is regionuli departamenti.

2. ganmcxadeblis mier 2004 wlis 3 marts gakeTebuli ganmarteba

74. ganmarteba Semdegnairad ikiTxeboda:

“me mimiyvanes beloreckSi arsebul SI-1/2 dawesebulebaSi 2000 wlis seqtemberSi. me

gadamiyvanes IK-3 [UE 394/3] dawesebulebaSi 2001 wlis maisSi da sasjels vixdi me-4

brigadaSi, me vmuSaob SemduReblad... me ar gamaCnia raime saxis pretenziebi [cixis]

administraciis oficrebTan mimarTebaSi iseve rogorc baSkortostanis respublikis

penitenciur sistemasTan dakavSirebiT. me ar davqmdebarebulvar raime saxis fizikur Tu

fsiqologiur zewolas baSkortostanis respublikis penitenciuri departamentis

oficrebis mxridan.”

75. 2004 wlis 17 noembers ganmcxadebelma aiyvana advokatebi adamianis

uflebaTa

evropuli

saadvokacio

centridan

(EHRAC),

raTa

maT

warmoedginaT misi interesebi sasamarTlos winaSe.

3. 2005 wlis 11 ivlisiT daTariRebuli ganmcxadeblis werilobiTi

gancxadeba

76. rogorc Cans 2005 wlis 8 ivliss, ganmcxadeblis colma SeTanxmeba

gaaforma C.m-sTan, advokatTan. xsenebuli SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad advokati

unda misuliyo ganmcxadebelTan cixeSi da gamoekiTxa igi kapitan g-sTan

gamarTuli saubris Sesaxeb.

77. 2005 wlis 16 ivliss, ganmcxadeblis warmomadgenelma sasamarTlos

gadaugzavna

ganmcxadeblis

mier

dawerili

gancxadeba,

romelic

daTariRebuli 2005 wlis 11 ivlisiT da Semdeg Sinaarss Seicavda:

“2004 wlis 6 ianvars, sadilis Semdgom, me gamomiZaxes gasaubrebaze im ofisSi, romelic

mdebareobs avejis departamentis industriul zonaSi, sadac me vmuSaobdi. ofisSi myofma

pirma Tavi gamacno rogorc kapitan g-d (me ar maxsovs misi saxeli an mamis saxeli). Cveni

saubridan gamovarkvie, rom man icoda evropis sasamarTloSi Cems mier Setanili

ganacxadis Sesaxeb. man Tavisi iq yofna imiT axsna, rom mas SeeZlo Cemi daxmareba.. man

Tqva, rom Tu iRbliani viqnebodi, Cemi saqme ganixileboda da igi SesaZloa ukan

dabrunebuliyo CemTan sasaubrod.

me mokled movuyevi mas Cems mier strasburgSi gagzavnili saCivris Sesaxeb, kerZod is

faqtebi, rom Cems 2000 wlis 8-9 seqtembers uCalis policiis ganyofilebaSi oTxma

policiis oficerma Cems mimarT ganaxorciela arasaTanado mopyroba. me davukonkrete

mas, rom me kerZo manqaniT mimiyvanes beloreckSi SI-2 dawesebulebaSi da me iq Semasaxles

im momentSi, rodesac dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli ar imyofeboda iq (lanCis dros) da

rom Sesaxlebisas ar Catarebula samedicino Semowmeba.

[g-s] surda, rom me damewera, rom gaviare samedicino Semowmeba beloreckis SI-2

dawesebulebaSi Sesaxlebisas. me vuTxari mas, rom es ar Seesabameboda simarTles da

ukan gadavugde qaRaldi. mas es ar moewona. man daiwyo Cemi daSineba da miTxra “me Sens

cxovrebas jojoxeTad gadavaqcev!” me vupasuxe, rom ar davwerdi arafers misi

miTiTebebis Sesabamisad, da davwere, rom aravin momiklavs. xsenebulze man ganmicxada, ‘me

es ar mWirdeba’. man daxia pirveli gverdi, romelic me misi karnaxis Sesabamisad davwere,

da Seinaxa meore...

17

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

18

saubris dros, romelic grZeldeboda daaxloebiT 30-40 wuTi, g-m mkiTxa Tu rodis

damakaves, mcemes Tu ara SI-2 beloreckis dawesebulebaSi da wamiyvanes Tu ara ufaSi da

mcemes Tu ara iq. mas yvelaze Zalian ainteresebda Cems mier beloreckis SI-2

dawesebulebaSi gatarebuli dro, radganac me iq Sesaxlebisas ar gamsinjes miuxedavad

imisa, rom aRmeniSneboda xilvadi dazianebebi da me mmalavdnen Cemi advokatisagan. Cveni

saubris Semdgom me ar minaxavs g.”

78. ganmcxadeblis gancxadebaSi aseve aRniSnuli iyo, rom 2004 wlis 3

marts, igi moinaxules gafs-is regionuli ganyofilebis vice polkovnikma

da leitenantma. maT hkiTxes Tu rogor moaxerxa ganacxadis gagzavna

evropul sasamarTloSi da aseve dainteresdnen ganacxadis SinaarsiT,

gansakuTrebiT

mopyrobis garemoebebi da is faqti gasinja Tu ara igi eqimma SI-2

Sesaxlebisas. xsenebulTan dakavSirebiT ganmcxadebelma Sesabamisi

ki

maT

ainteresebdaT

ganmcxadeblis

arasaTanado

ganmarteba misca werilobiT. ganmarteba exeboda mxolod 2000 wels

ganxorcielebul cemas da ar Seicavda raime saxis pretenzias UE-394/3

dawesebulebaSi ganxorcielebul mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT. xsenebuli

ori piris wasvlis Semdgom, ganmcxadebels miuxda misi samuSaos mitoveba

da igi gadaiyvanes sardafSi #14 sakanSi, sadac patimrobis pirobebi

uaresi iyo koloniis sxva nawilSi arsebul saknebTan SedarebiT.

79. ganmcxadeblis mier 2005 wlis 11 ivliss Sedgenili gancxadebis

Tanaxmad, 2004 wlis 3 marts igi aseve moinaxula prokurorma, romelsac

man miwera uCalis policiis ganyofilebaSi mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli

arasaTanado mopyrobis Sesaxeb. prokurori Seecada daerwmunebina igi,

rom xelaxla Seiswavlida sakiTxs.

80. 2005 wlis 5 ivliss ganmcxadebeli kvlav moinaxula prokurorma,

romelic ar gaecno mas. manac igive sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT gamokiTxa

ganmcxadebeli, rogorc wina pirebma.

81. bolos ganmcxadebelma aRniSna, rom igi Seviwroebas ganicdida mis

mier strasburgis sasamarTloSi wardgenil ganacxadTan dakavSirebiT da

SiSobda,

rom

ganacxadi

uaryofiTad

imoqmedebda

mis

UE-394/3

dawesebulebaSi Semdgom yofaze.

4. C.m-s werilobiTi gancxadeba

82.

C.m-s

mier

dawerili

dauTariRebeli

gancxadeba,

romelic

ganmcxadeblis warmomadgenlebma warmoadgines, Semdegi Sinaarsis iyo:

“me. C.m., baSkortostanis advokatTan asociaciis advokatma, 2005 wlis 8 ivliss gavaforme

SeTanxmeba ganmcxadeblis meuRlesTan im mizniT, rom momenaxulebina ganmcxadebeli

#394/3 koloniaSi.

2005 wlis 11 ivliss, dilis 9.30 saaTidan 11.30 saaTamde, me vesaubre ganmcxadebels, ra

drosac me mas vkiTxe strasburgis sasamarTloSi mis mer wardgenil ganacxadTan

dakavSirebiT ganxorcielebuli daSinebis Sesaxeb.

18

19

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

saubrisas ganmcxadebeli TavSekavebulad iqceoda da mTxovda ar mimeTiTebina bevr

garemoebaze Cems ganmartebaSi; zogjer igi CurCulze gadadioda. man Tavisi qceva axsna

(mTeli saubris ganmavlobaSi) Sida usafrTxoebis departamentis 2 oficris iq yofniT,

romlebic ar malavdnen TavianT interesess Cvens saubarTan dakavSirebiT. .. xsenebulis

mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, me aucileblad vTvli ganvmarto da gavamyaro ganmcxadeblis

werilobiTi gancxadebebi, im detalebiT, romelic mas ar Seutania Tavis werilobiT

gancxadebaSi.

saubrisas, ganmcxadebelma amixsna, rom b-nma g-m, romelic masTan mivida 2004 wlis 6

ianvars, dakiTxa igi mis mier strasburgis sasamarTloSi wardgenil ganacxadTan

dakavSirebiT, razec ganmcxadebelma upasuxa mas, rom ganacxadis ZiriTadi pretenzia

exeboda 2000 wlis 8-9 seqtembers policiis oficrebis mier ganxorcielebul mis

sastikad cemas uCalis policiis ganyofilebaSi. cemisas mas aiZulebdnen daewera

aRiareba, rasac igi uaryofda da amis Semdgom cema grZeldeboda.

g-m eWvi gamoxata im faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rom policielebi ase moiqcnen, Tundac imis

TqmiT, rom policielebs ar SeeZloT misTvis mieyenebinaT dazianebebi. g-m aseve hkiTa mas

Tu ra mdgomareobaSi miiyvanes igi beloreckis SI-2 dawesebulebaSi. ganmcxadebelma

upasuxa mas, rom aReniSneboda sxeulis mravlobiTi dazianeba. SI-2 winaswari patimrobis

dawesebulebis oficrebma, gansakuTrebiT ki eqimebma, SeamCnies misi dazianebebi, magram

garkveuli pirebisagan instruqciebis miRebis Semdgom, gangeb ar gasinjes ganmcxadebeli

da ar gaxsnes ganmcxadeblis samedicino istoria. g-m upasuxa mas, rom es SeuZlebeli

iyo, radganac ganmcxadeblis samedicino daskvna ar uTiTebs sxeulis raime saxis

dazianebaze. ganmcxadebelma auxsna mas, rom igi ar gausinjavT SI-2 dawesebulebaSi

Sesaxlebisas da swored am momentSi g. gabrazda da daiwyo ganmcxadebelze zewolis

ganxorcieleba da eubneboda mas, rom ar daewera amis Sesaxeb.

g-sTan saubris dros ganmcxadebelma daiwyo pirveli ganmartebis Sedgena. g. aZlevda mas

instruqciebs Tu ra daewera, kerZod eubneboda daewera, rom policiis oficrebs ar

ucemiaT igi da igi gasinjes beloreckSi SI-2 dawesebulebaSi Sesaxlebisas. xsenebulis

gagonebaze, ganmcxadebelma gadayara qaRaldebi da g-s ganucxada, rom is ris dawerasac

g. sTxovda ganmcxadebels sicrue iyo. g-s ar moewona ganmcxadeblis saqcieli da dauwyo

mas daSineba SeviwroebiT. man ganucxada ganmcxadebels, rom mis cxovrebas jojoxeTad

aqcevda da es male ganxorcieldeboda. Tumca, ganmcxadebelma ganacxada, rom igi ar

moawerda xels ganmartebas im adgilas, sadac mas uTiTebda g da Tavad dawerda, rac

asec moxda. bolos man daamata, rom aravin moukvlia da esec Cawera. g. kvlav daemuqra

ganmcxadebels SeviwroebiT, ris Semdgomac igi Seecada mieRo ganmcxadeblisagan

saboloo ganmarteba...

ganmcxadebelma ganmarta.. rom samuSaodan gaTavisuflebis Semdgom igi Tavs martosulad,

Seuracxyofilad da sxva pirebisagan gariyulad grZnobda. maSinac ki, rodesac

mogvianebiT igi kvlav dauSves samuSaoze, mas kvlav aSinebda samuSaos dakargva.. ”

83. 2005 wlis 24 ivlisiT daTariRebul da naTesavebisadmi gagzavnil

werilSi,

romlis

aslic

sasamarTlos

warudgines

ganmcxadeblis

warmomadgenlebma, ganmcxadebeli sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, acxadebda, rom

2005 wlis 19 ivliss igi gamoZaxes koloniis specialuri daniSnulebis

nawilSi da gadasces, misi xelmoweris sanacvlod, oficialuri uari

policiis im oficrebis winaaRmdeg gamoZiebis aRZvrasTan dakavSirebiT,

romlebic

monawileobdnen

mis

mimarT

arasaTanado

mopyrobis

ganxorcielebaSi. saubrisas ganmcxadebels uTxres, rom swored igi iyo

is piri, romlis winaaRmdegac unda yofiliyo sisxlis samarTlis

gamoZieba warmoebuli yalbi Cvenebebis micemisaTvis.

19

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

20

g. ganmcxadeblis arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi

gamoZieba

84. 2005 wlis daudgenel dRes baSkotorstanis respublikis Sinagan

saqmeTa saministros Sida usafrTxoebis departamentma, aRZra Sida

gamoZieba

ganmcxadeblis

arasaTanado

mopyrobasTan

dakavSirebuli

pretenziebis safuZvelze. gamoZiebis periodSi oficrebma v.g-m., da r.x-m,

waradgines werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi. TavianT ganmartebebSi, romlebic

2005 wlis

4

ivlisiT iyo daTariRebuli, v.g-m da r.x-m uaryves

ganmcxadebelTan mimarTebiT arakanonieri meTodebis gamoyenebis faqti.

85. i.m-s Cveneba, romelic 2005 wlis 4 ivliss iqna CamorTmeuli, Semdegi

Sinaarsis iyo:

“arc me da arc romelime sxva officers ar gamouyenebia ganmcxadebelTan mimarTebaSi

arakanonieri meTodebi.

me maxsovs, rom ganmcxadeblis samedicino Semowmeba ganxorcielda beloreckSi da ara

uCalSi, im mizniT, rom uzrunvelyofiliyo misi obieqturad warmarTva, sxva SemTxvevaSi

ganmcxadeblis damcvelebi pretenzias ganacxadebdnen ‘adgilobrivi eqspertis’ mier

gacemul ‘mikerZoebul’ daskvnasTan dakavSirebiT”.

86. 2005 wlis 4 ivlisiT daTariRebul ganmartebaSi, a.m-m ganacxada, rom

2000 wels igi iyo uCalis policiis ganyofilebaSi uCalis droebiTi

moTavsebis izolatoris xelmZRvaneli. 2000 wlis seqtemberSi, gamomZiebel

x.a-s brZanebis safiZvelze, a.m-s mZRolma s-.m da ‘meore policiis

oficerma’ waiyvanes ganmcxadebeli beloreckSi SI-2 dawesebulebaSi da

miaciles igi samedicino SemowmebisaTvis. belorecksi sasamarTlo

samedicino biuroSi, a.m-s, s.-s da mesame policiis oficris TandaswrebiT,

eqspertma gaxada ganmcxadebels tansacmeli da gasinja igi, ra drosac

usvamda Sesabamis kiTxvebs. isini biuroSi darCnen daaxloebiT 1 saaTis

ganmavlobaSi. a.m-s ar SeuniSnavs ganmcxadebelze raime saxis xilvadi

dazianeba.

87. 2005 wlis 30 ivniss baSkortostanis respublikis Sinagan saqmeTa

ministris moadgilem Sewyvita mokvleva, radganac ver iqna aRmoCenili

raime saxis miniSneba, rom ganmcxadeblis konvenciis me-3 muxliT

garantirebuli uflebis darRvevas hqonda adgili.

88.

2005

wlis

4

ivlisis

gadawyvetilebiT,

uCalis

raionulma

prokuraturam uari ganacxada ganmcxadeblis mimarT ganxorcielebul

#1060 SemowmebasTan dakavSirebiT eqspert g-s winaaRmdeg sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis aRZvraze, radganac mis qmedebebSi ver iqna aRmoCenili

danaSaulis niSnebi. gadawyvetileba Semdegnairad ikiTxeboda:

“g-m piradad ganaxorciela [#1060] samedicino Semowmeba. miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom 2000

wlis 28 agvistodan 30 seqtembramde igi SvebulebaSi unda yofiliyo, mas mouxda ukan

samuSaoze dabruneba, radganac eqsperti b. 2000 wlis 13 dan 18 seqtembramde ar

imyofeboda samsaxurSi. xsenebuli periodis ganmavlobaSi ganmcxadeblis Semowmebis

garda, g-m ganaxorciela 14 sxva piris samedicino Semowmeba da 16 gvamis eqspertiza, rac

asaxulia saregistracio CanawerebSi da gamomdinareobs g-s ganmartebidan.

20

21

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

[ganmcxadeblisa] da misi advokatis mtkiceba, rom g-m gangeb gasca yalbi daskvna, romlis

Tanaxmadac ganmcxadebels ar aReniSneboda dazianebebi, dausabuTebelia”.

89. srulad naTeli ar aris Tu ram gamoiwvia gamoZiebis aRZvra

ganmcxadeblis samedicino SemowmebasTan dakavSirebiT da ecnoba Tu ara

gancmxadebels xsenebuli gamoZiebis Sedegebi.

II. Sesabamisi erovnuli kanonmdebloba da praqtika

a. arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli pretenziebis gamoZieba

90. ruseTis konstituciis 21-e muxlis me-2 punqti krZalavs wamebas.

91. ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amJamadac

ZalaSia, adgens, rom sisxlis samarTlis gamoZieba SesaZlebelia aRZras

gamomZiebelma individis mier wardgenili saCivris safuZvelze an

sagamoZiebo organom sakuTari iniciativiT (108-e da 125-e muxlebi).

prokurori

pasuxismgebelia

gamoZiebaze

zedamxedvelobis

ganxorcielebaze (210-e da 211-e muxlebi). mas SeuZlia brZanos konkretuli

sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba, CamoarTvas saqme erT gamomZiebels da

gadasces igi meores an moiTxovos samarTalwarmoebis ganaxleba. Tuki

saxeze ar iqneboda sisxlis samarTlebrivi gamoZiebis aRZvris safuZveli,

prokurori

an

gamomZiebeli

xsenebulTan

dakavSirebiT

gamoscems

dasabuTebul gadawyvetilebas, rac unda ecnobos dainteresebul mxares.

92. prokurori, gamomZiebeli an mosamarTle valdebulni arian ganixilon

saCivrebi da Cadenil danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli informacia da aRZran

an uari ganacxadon sisxlis samarTlebrivi gamoZiebis aRZvraze. an

gadascen saqme Sesabamisi xelisuflebis organos (muxli 109). prokuroris

uari gamoZiebis aRZvrasTan dakavSirebiT, SesaZlebelia gasaCivrdes

zemdgom prokurorTan; mosamarTlis uari SesaZlebelia gasaCivrdes

zemdgom sasamarTloSi (muxli 113$4).

93. 1998 wlis 29 aprils ruseTis federaciis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom

arakonstituciurad gamoacxada sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

113-e muxlis me-4 punqti im nawilSi, romelic ar iZleoda prokuroris an

gamomZieblis mier gamoZiebis aRZvraze uaris gasaCivrebis uflebas

sasamarTloSi. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom qveynis

parlaments unda Seecvala saproceso kanonmdeblobis xsenebuli muxli

da Seetana masSi sasamarTlo gadasinjvis SesaZlebloba. sakonstitucio

sasamarTlom aseve daadgina, rom xsenebuli cvlilebis ganxorcielebamde,

xelisuflebis erovnulma organoebma, maT Soris sasamarTloebma,

pirdapir unda gamoiyenon konstituciis 46-e muxli, romelic moiTxovs

administraciuli aqtebis, maT Soris samarTalwarmoebis aRZvraze uaris,

sasamarTlo wesiT gadasinjvas. xsenebuli gadawyvetileba gamoqveynda 1998

wlis maisSi.

21

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

22

94. 2000 wlis 14 ianvris gadawyvetilebiT sakonstitucio sasamarTlom

arakonstitutciurad scno ruseTis saproceso kodeqsis ramodenime

debuleba, romlebic uflebas aZlevdnen erovnul sasamarTloebs Tavisi

iniciativiT aReZraT sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba. imave gadawyvetilebaSi

sakonstitucio sasamarTlom gaimeora, rom erovnul sasamarTlos unda

SeeZlos sasamarTlo wesiT gadasinjos sagamoZiebo organos mier sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis aRZvrasTan, mis aRZvraze uaris TqmasTan an aRZruli

saqmis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebis kanoniereba

da safuZvlianoba kerZod ki es unda ganxorcieldes im piris saCivris

safuZvelze, romelic Tvlis, rom konstituciiT garantirebuli misi

uflebebi

dairRva

xsenebuli

gadawyvetilebiT.

sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos es gadawyvetileba gamoqveynda 2000 wlis TebervalSi.

b. xelmisawvdomoba advokatze

95.

moqmedi

kodeqsis

47$1

muxlis

Tanaxmad,

advokatis

CarTva

samarTalwarmoebaSi dasaSvebia braldebis wardgenis momentidan, an –

dakavebuli an eWvmitanili piris SemTxvevaSi – im momentidan rogorc ki

Sesabamis pirs waredgineba dakavebis oqmi an patimrobis brZaneba. Tuki

ayvanili kerZo advokati ar gamoCndeba 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi,

xelisuflebis Sesabamisi organo, romelsac miyavs saqme, uflebamosialia

SesTavazos pirs aiyvanos sxva advokati an dauniSnos am pirs advokati

(muxli 47$2). 2001 wlis 25 oqtombers sakonstitucio sasamarTlom

mianiSna, rom muxli 47$4 ar moiTxovs raime saxis specialuri nebarTvis

miRebas

advokatTan

SexvedrisaTvis.

imave

gadawyvetilebaSi,

sakonstitucio sasamarTlom arakonstituciurad gamoacxada patimrobis

Sesaxeb kanonis erT erTi debuleba, romelic moiTxovda advokatisagan,

raTa mas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmmarTveli xelisuflebis

organoebisagan aeRo specialuri nebarTva klientis mosanaxuleblad.

g. aRiarebiTi Cveneba

96. ruseTis federaciis konstituciis 51-e muxlis Tanaxmad aravis

SeiZleba daekisros valdebuleba Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis, meuRlis

an axlo naTesavebis winaaRmdeg.

97. ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 111-e muxli

moiTxovda, rom aRiarebiTi Cveneba dawerili yofiliyo detalurad calke

dokumentze, masze xeli moewera aRiarebis mimcem pirs da gamomZiebels an

prokurors, romlis winaSec moxda aRiareba.

d. sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis xelaxla aRZvra

98. ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 413-e muxli adgens

sisxlis

samarTlis

saqmis

xelaxla

aRZvrasTan

dakavSirebul

proceduras. xsenebuli debulebis Tanaxmad:

22

23

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

“1. sasamarTlo ganaCenebi da gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic ZalaSi Sevida, unda gauqmdes

da sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba xelaxla unda aRiZras axali an axlad aRmoCenili

garemoebebis SemTxvevaSi.

...

4. axali garemoebebia:

...

(2) adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis debulebis darRveva, romelic ganaxorciela

ruseTis federaciis sasamarTlom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas da xsenebuli

darRveva daadgina adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom da exeba:

a) federaluri kanonis gamoyenebas, romelic winaaRmdegobaSi modis adamianis

uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis debulebebTan;

b) adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvenciis sxva darRvevebs;

g) sxva garemoebebs”

III. Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi

99.

advokatze

xelmisawvdomobasTan

dakavSirebuli

saerTaSoriso

dokumentebis CamonaTvalis xilva SesaZlebelia saqmeSi Pishchalnikov v. Russia

(no. 7025/04, §§ 39-42, 2009 wlis 24 seqtemberi) .

samarTali

I. konvenciis me-3 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

100. konvenciis me-3 muxlze dayrdnobiT, ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom 2000

wlis 8-9 seqtembers, policiis oficrebi arasaTanadod moepyrnen mas da

xelisuflebis organoebma ar ganaxorcieles efeqtiani gamoZieba mis

mimarT

savaraudod

ganxorcielebul

arasaTanado

mopyrobasTan

dakavSirebiT. konvenciis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad:

“aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros wamebas, araadamianur an Rirsebis Semlaxvel mopyrobas

an dasjas”.

a. mxareTa argumentacia

1. mTavroba

101. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom mas ar gaaCnda raime saxis pretenzia

ganmcxadeblis mier faqtobrivi garemoebebis aRwerasTan dakavSirebiT,

Tumca garkveuli garemoebebi mainc saWiroebda ganmartebas. mTavrobis

Tanaxmad, ganmcxadeblis pretenziebi, rom policiis oficrebi misgan

aRiarebis mopovebis mizniT mas arasaTanadod moepyrnen, dausabuTebeli

iyo. pirvel rigSi aRiareba ganmcxadebelma sakuTari xeliT dawera da

gadasca igi gamoZiebas policiis mxridan raime saxis zewolis gareSe.

meore rigSi, 2000 wlis 18 seqtembriT daTariRebuli saeqsperto daskvnis

Tanaxmad ver iqna aRmoCenili raime saxis dazianeba ganmcxadeblis

sxeulze. garda xsenebulisa, 2000 wlis 11 seqtembers ganmcxadeblis SI-1/2

winaswari patimrobis izolatorSi Sesaxlebisas, dawesebulebis eqimma

aRniSna “mwvave qronikuli otitisi” magram ar aRuniSnavs raime saxis

23

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

24

dazianeba. mTavroba acxadebda, rom xelisuflebis organoebma dakiTxes

SI-1/2 dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli da sasamarTlo samedicino eqsperti,

romelmac gasinja ganmcxadebeli 2000 wlis 14 seqtembers. eqspertis

Tanaxmad patimrobis ganmavlobaSi ganmcxadebelma mxolod erTxel

mimarTa winaswari patimrobis izolatoris samedicino centrs gripTan

dakavSirebiT da gaewia kidevac Sesabamisi mkurnaloba. eqspertma

daadastura, rom ganmcxadebels ar aReniSneboda raime saxis dazianeba

sxeulze. mTavroba aseve amtkicebda, rom winaswari patimrobis SI-1/2

dawesebulebis oficer a.m-s Cvenebis Tanaxmad (ix. 86-e punqti),

ganmcxadebels ar aReniSneboda raime saxis dazianeba misi iq patimrobis

ganmavlobaSi. ufro metic, ganmcxadebels da mis advokats arasodes

miumarTavT

saCivriT

prokurorisaTvis

an

sasamarTlosaTvis,

mis

pretenziebTan dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis ar aRZvris gamo.

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, xelisuflebis erovnulma organoebma gamoiZies

ganmcxadeblis pretenziebi, warmarTuli mokvlevisa da ganmcxadeblis

winaaRmdeg warmoebuli sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis farglebSi, da

uaryves xsenebuli pretenziebi usafuZvlobis gamo. mTavrobam TxovniT

mimarTa

sasamarTlos

ukuegdo

ganmcxadeblis

pretenziebi

dausabuTeblobisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi

saSualebebis ar amowurvis gamo.

2. ganmcxadebeli

102. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom man amowura samarTlebrivi dacvis

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi. kerZod ganmcxadebelma arasaTanado

mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli pretenziiT, Tavisi advokatis meSveobiT,

mimarTa raionul prokuraturas da uCalinskis raionul sasamarTlos

2000 wlis 14 da 17 seqtembers. garda xsenebulisa, ori instanciis

sasamarTlom mis winaaRmdeg mimdinare sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis

farglebSi ganixiles arasTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli misi

pretenziebi.

ganmcxadebeli

amtkicebda,

rom

saqmis

ganmxilvelma

sasamarTlom dakiTxa policiis oficrebi, romlebic monawileobdnen

cemaSi da gamoikvlia sasamarTlo samedicino eqspertis #1060 daskvna.

Seafasa ra wardgenili mtkicebulebebi da ganmcxadeblisa da misi

advokatis mier wardgenili argumentacia, erovnulma sasamarTlom

ukuagdo

dausabuTeblobis gamo. ufro metic, saapelacio sasamarTlom daadgina,

rom “winaswari gamoZiebis warmmarTvelma organoebma da saqmis

arasaTanado

mopyrobasTan

dakavSirebuli

saCivari

misi

ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom, yuradRebiT ganixiles xsenebuli argumentebi

da samarTlianad ukuagdes isini dausabuTeblobis gamo”.

103. arsebiT mxaresTan dakavSirebiT, ganmcxadebeli Coda, rom arasaTanado

mopyroba, romelsac igi daeqvemdebara 2000 wlis 8-9 seqtembers, miznad

isaxavda rogorc fizikuri aseve sulieri tanjvis miyenebas, rac arRvevda

me-3 muxls. ganmcxadebelma aRniSna, rom mTavrobas sadao ar gauxdia misi

masalebis safuZvelze sasamarTlos registraturis mier momzadebuli

faqtebis mokle aRwera. mTavroba mxolod imas amtkicebda, rom

ganmcxadeblis pretenziebi dausabuTebeli iyo da ar iyo gamyarebuli

samedicino daskvniT. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom mas ar gaaCnda

24

25

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli raime saxis problema baSkortostanSi

1997

wels

Camosvlis

momentidan

rac

an

2000

dasturdeboda

wlis

seqtemberSi

adgilobrivi

ganxorcielebul

dakiTxvebamde,

saavadmyofos mier gacemuli daskvniT. ganxorcielebuli cemis Sedegad,

mas ganuviTarda tkivilebi Tirkmelebisa da laviwis Zvlis midamoebSi da

dayruvda marcxena yuriT. radganac policiis dawesebulebaSi igi

waiyvanes janmrTeli, saxelmwifos ekisreboda valdebuleba jerovani

axsna

ganmarteba

warmoedgina

dazianebebis

warmomavlobasTan

dakavSirebiT. xsenebulis ganuxorcielebloba ki gamoiwvevda konvenciis

me-3 muxlis darRvevas. ganmcxadebeli aseve amtkicebda, rom misi wamebis

Semdgom Sedgenili samedicino dokumentebi, rogoric iyo magaliTad 2000

wlis 14-18 seqtembris saeqsperto daskvna, ar asaxavda simarTles xsenebul

periodSi mis fizikur mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT, xolo Semdgomi

samedicino gamokvleva ki ar uTiTebda otitisis ganviTarebis mizezebze.

ganmcxadebeli uTiTebda i.r-s da v.z-s mier micemul Cvenebebsa da misi

advokatis 2000 wlis 14 seqtembriT daTariRebul werilze, romlebic

amyarebdnen garemoebebis aRweris miseul versias, rasTan dakavSirebiTac

mTavrobas ar warudgenia komentarebi. sasamarTlos mier saqmeze Afanasyev

v. Ukraine (no. 38722/02, §§ 62-63, 2005 wlis

5

aprili) gamotanil

gadawyvetilebaze dayrdnobiT, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom samedicino

mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebdnen cemis Semdgom Sedegebs,

rogoric aris siyruve marcxena yurSi da otitisi; misi Tanamesakneebisa

da advokatis mowmeTa saxiT micemuli Cvenebebi, mis mier garemoebebis

detaluri da Tanmimdevruli aRwera (is faqti, rom igi wuTobrivad da

detalurad aRwerda mis mimarT ganxorcielebul arasaTanado mopyrobas,

oTaxebis ganlagebas, karebebs, avejs, policiis oficrebis saxelebsa da

wodebebs); iseve rogorc xelisuflebis organoebis mxridan misi

dazianebebis

axsnis

SesaZleblobis

arqona,

erTianobaSi

aRebuli

adasturebdnen, rom mis mimarT policiam ganaxorciela arasaTanado

mopyroba 2000 wlis 8-9 seqtembris. bolos ganmcxadebelma aRniSna, rom

igi mudmivad uaryofda mkvlelobaSi mis monawileobas (3 agvistos da 2

seqtembris dakiTxvebisas, mis advokatTan 6 da 7 seqtembers Sexvedrebisas)

da Zneli iyo imis warmodgena, rom mas uceb mieRo gadawyvetileba 9

seqtembers mieca aRiarebiT Cveneba, rodesac misi advokati ar imyofeboda

iq.

104. rac Seexeba me-3 muxlis procedurul moTxovnebs, ganmcxadebeli

Cioda,

rom

savaraudo

arasaTanado

mopyrobasTan

dakavSirebiT

warmarTuli gamoZieba aSkarad araadeqvaturi da araefeqtiani iyo. ar

yofila ganxorcielebula misi da policiis oficrebis dapirispireba.

faqtiurad

mopyrobasTan

igi

ar

daukiTxavT

piradad

savaraudo

kiTxvebi ar

arsaTanado

dausviaT

dakavSirebiT.

konkretuli

oficrebisaTvis. rac Seexeba 2000 wlis 18 seqtembris samedicino daskvnas,

ganmcxadebeli ar eTanxmeboda mas erTaderT SesaZlo axsnad miaCnda

eqimis mikerZoebuloba an policiis oficrebis mier ganxorcielebuli

zewola, rom eqims ar daefiqsirebina realurad arsebuli dazianebebi.

prokurors ar gadaudgams raime nabiji WeSmaritebis dasadgenad:

magaliTad mas ar daukiTxavs SesaZlo mowmeeebi Sesabamis periodSi

ganmcxadeblis janrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. nebismier SemTxvevaSi

25

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

26

gamoZieba ar iyo miukerZoebeli, radganac x.a, romelic pasuxismgebeli

iyo mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebuli gamoZiebis warmarTvaze, da romelmac

icoda

prokuraturis

dakavSirebiT.

cemis

faqtis

mxridan

Sesaxeb,

mis savaraudo

aseve

xelmZRvanelobda

arasaTanado

gamoZiebas

mopyrobasTan

b. sasamarTlos Sefaseba

1. mTavrobis pirveladi pretenzia

105. sasamarTlo acxadebs, rom mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi,

romelic exeboda ganacxadis arsebiT ganxilvaze miRebis sakiTxs, man

gadawyvita gaeerTianebina ganmcxadeblis mier samarTlebrivi dacvis

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis ar amowurvasTan dakavSirebuli

mTavrobis pirveladi pretenzia saqmis arsebiT mxaresTan. kerZod

mTavroba

acxadebda,

rom

ganmcxadebels

ar

hqonda

amowuruli

samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi, radgan mas ar gausaCivrebia zemdgom

prokurorTan an sasamarTloSi prokuroris mier policiis oficrebis

winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvraze uari.

106. rac Seexeba mTavrobis pretenziis pirvel aspeqts, sasamarTlom ukve

daadgina adre, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvraze uaris gasaCivreba

zemdgom prokurorTan, ar warmoadgens samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtian

saSualebas konvenciis 35-e muxlis mniSvnelobiT (ix. Belevitskiy v. Russia, no.

72967/01, § 60, 2007 wlis 1 marti). sasamarTlo ver poulobs raime mizezs,

rom winamdebare saqmeSi gansxvavebuli midgoma ganaxorcielos.

107. rac Seexeba pretenziis meore aspeqts, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom

ganmcxadebelma saCivari waradgina saqmis ganmxilvel da saapelacio

sasamarTloebSi da detalurad aRwera aramxolod policiis oficrebis

mier ganxorcielebuli savaraudo Zaladoba, aramed aseve gamoZiebis

mravali savaraudo xarvezi (ix. 58, 64 da 68-e punqtebi). ori instanciis

sasamarTlos formaluri moTxovnebis daukmayofileblobis gamo uari ar

uTqvams ganmcxadeblisaTvis raTa ganexilaT misi pretenziebi. maT

arsebiTad ganixiles saCivrebi da dakiTxes ganmcxadebeli da policiis

oficrebi, gamoikvlies sagamoZiebo masalebi da ZalaSi datoves

prokuroris mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi (Vladimir Fedorov v. Russia, no.

19223/04, § 47, 2009 wlis 30 ivlisi). mTavroba ar amtkicebda imas, rom

sasamarTlo

gadasinjvis

saSualebebis

gamoyenebiT,

ganmcxadebelma

sasamarTloebs ar misca SesaZlebloba ganexilaT Sesabamisi sakiTxebi

(SeadareT Akulinin and Babich v. Russia, no. 5742/02, § 32, 2008 wlis 2 oqtomberi).

xsenebul

garemoebebSi,

rodesac

erovnulma

sasamarTloebma

ukve

imsjeles ganmcxadeblis pretenziebTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlos ar

miaCnia aragonivrulad, rom ganmcxadebelma aRar waradgina igive

saCivrebi igive sasamarTloebSi (ix. zemoxsenebuli saqme Vladimir Fedorov,

§ 49). xsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom ver iqna

dadgenili sakmarisi sicxadiT, rom mTavrobis mier dasaxelebuli

samarTlebrivi

dacvis

saSualeba

SesaZloa

yofiliyo

efeqtiani

winamdebare saqmis konkretul garemoebebSi (ix. zemoxsenebuli saqmeebi

Vladimir Fedorov daAkulinin and Babich, §§ 49 da32, Sesabamisad).

26

27

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

108. xsenebulidan gamomdinare sasamarTlo ukuagdebs mTavrobis pirvelad

pretenziebs samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis ar

amowurvasTan dakavSirebiT.

2. me-3 muxlis proceduruli nawilis savaraudo darRveva

a. zogadi principebi

109. sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom xsenebul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT myarad

dadgenili precedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, rodesac piri waradgens

safuZvlian

pretenzias

imasTan

dakavSirebiT,

rom

mis

mimarT

ganxorcielda seriozuli xasiaTis arasaTanado mopyroba romelic

arRvevs me-3 muxls, maSin xsenebuli debuleba, rom aviRoT saxelmwifos

zogad valdebulebasTan erTad, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia konvenciis 1-

li muxliT da romlis Tanaxmadac saxelmwifoebi “yvelasaTvis TavianTi

iurisdiqciis

farglebSi

uzrunvelyofen

am

konvenciis

I

TavSi

gansazRvrul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs”, gulisxmobs efeqtiani

oficialuri gamoZiebis ganxorcielebas. gamoZiebis valdebuleba “ar aris

Sedegze

orientirebuli

valdebuleba,

aramed

exeba

gamoyenebul

saSualebebs”. ar aris aucilebeli, rom yoveli gamoZieba warmatebuli

iyos an saboloo gadawyvetilebiT daeTanxmos momCivnis versias; Tumca,

mas unda SeeZlos rom daadginos saqmis realuri faqtebi da Tuki

aRmoCndeba,

rom

pretenziebi

Seesabameba

sinamdviles,

gamoZiebam

SesaZlebeli unda gaxados pasuxismgebel pirTa identificireba da dasja.

110. arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli safuZvliani saCivrebis

gamoZieba

jerovnad

unda

warimarTos.

xsenebuli

niSnavs,

rom

xelisuflebis organoebma yovelTvis seriozuli mcdelobebi unda

ganaxorcielon imis dasadgenad Tu ra moxda realobaSi da ar unda

daeyrdnon naCqarevad miRebul an dausabuTebel daskvnebs, raTa Sewyviton

gamoZieba an miiRon Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba. maT unda ganaxorcielon

xelTarsebuli yvela gonivruli nabiji, raTa moipovon incidentTan

dakavSirebuli

mtkicebulebebi,

maT

Soris,

inter alia,

savaraudo

msxverplisagan miiRon savaraudo mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli detaluri

Cveneba, dakiTxon TviTmxilvelebi, gamoikvlion sasamarTlo samedicino

eqspertis daskvna da sadac saWiroa Caataron damatebiTi samedicino

gamokvleva,

srulyofili da zusti aRwera da samedicino daskvnebis obieqturi

analizis ganxorcieleba, gansakuTrebiT ki dazianebebis

romlis

Sedegadac

SesaZlebeli

iqneba

dazianebebis

warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT. gamoZiebis nebismierma xarvezma, romelic

xelyofs imis SesaZleblobas rom dadgindes dazianebis mizezi an

pasuxismgebeli

pirebis

vinaoba,

winaaRmdegobaSi

mova

Sesabamis

standartebTan. savaraudo arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli

gamoZieba unda warimarTos swrafad. da bolos, gamoZiebas Tan unda

axldes sakmarisi sazogadoebrivi kontrolis elementi, romelic

ganxorcieldeba rogorc gamoZiebasTan aseve mis SedegebTan mimarTebiT.

kerZod xsenebuli gulisxmobs, rom yvela saqmeSi momCivans unda mieces

efeqtiani xelmisawvdomoba sagamoZiebo proceduraze (sxva magaliTebs

27

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

28

Soris ix., Assenov and Others v. Bulgaria, 1998 wlis 28 oqtomberi, §§ 102 et seq.,

Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1998-VIII; Mikheyev v. Russia, no. 77617/01, §§ 107-108,

2006 wlis 26 ianvari; daPetropoulou-Tsakiris v. Greece, no. 44803/04, § 50, 2007 wlis

6 dekemberi)

b. zemoxsenebuli principebis gamoyeneba winamdebare saqmeSi

111. winamdebare saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo Tvlis,

rom ganmcxadeblis mier gamomZiebel x.a-sTvis 2000 wlis 13 seqtembers

gakeTebuli gancxadeba da misi advokatis mier raionul prokuraturaSi

wardgenili saCivari, romelic moicavda advokatis mier ganmcxadeblis

sxeulze arsebuli dazianebebis detalur aRweras (ix. 38-e da 39-e

punqtebi), warmoadgenda policis mxridan ganxorcielebuli arasaTanado

mopyrobis “dasabuTebul saCivars” da konvenciis me-3 muxlis moTxovnebis

Sesabamisad, moiTxovda gamoZiebas xelisuflebis erovnuli organoebis

mxridan.

112. rogorc Cans ganmcxadeblis mier saCivrebis wardgenis momentidan

maleve,

raionulma

prokuraturam

daiwyo

mokvleva

arasaTanado

mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT. Sesabamisad sasamarTlo dakmayofilebulia im

faqtiT, rom xelisuflebis organoebma maleve daiwyes gamoZieba. mokvleva

ramodenime dReSi dasrulda da mis Sedegad sisxlis samarTlis saqme ar

aRiZra policiis oficrebis winaaRmdeg. amis Semdgom maleve saqmis

ganmxilvelma

da

saapelacio

sasamarTloebma

aseve

ganixiles

ganmcxadeblis pretenziebi arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT da

uaryves isini. xsenebulidan gamomdinare sasamarTlos winaSe sakiTxi

imdenad im kuTxiT ki ar dgas, warimarTa Tu ara saerTod gamoZieba,

aramed efeqtiani iyo Tu ara es gamoZieba (ix. Krastanov v. Bulgaria, no. 50222/99,

§ 59, 2004 wlis 30 seqtemberi).

113. rogorc es naTlad Cans prokuroris uaridan aReZra sisxlis

samarTlis saqme policis oficrebis winaaRmdeg, xsenebuli eyrdnoboda

werilobiT ganmartebebsa da sasamarTlo samedicino eqspertis #1060

daskvnas.

114. rac Seexeba sasamarTlo samedicino daskvnas, rogorc Cans masSi

moxsenebuli faqti, rom Semowmebas eswreboda mxolod erTi policiis

oficeri (ix. 27-e punqti0 rogorc Cans winaaRmdegobaSi modis a.m-s

CvenebasTan, romlis Tanaxmadac ganmcxadebeli eqspertma gasinja

3

policiis oficris TandaswrebiT (ix. 86-e punqti) – Seusabamoba, romelTan

dakavSirebuli ganmartebac ar warmoudgenia mTavrobas. xsenebulTan

dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo xazs usvams im faqts, rom man ukve mravaljer

aRniSna, rom arasaTanado mopyrobis savaraudo msxverplTa samedicino

gamokvleva unda ganxorcieldes policiis oficrebisa da mTavrobis

warmomadgenelTa dauswreblad raTa dakmayofildes damoukideblobisa da

gamoZiebis jerovnad warmarTvis Sesabamisi standartebi (ix. Akkoç v. Turkey,

nos. 22947/93 da 22948/93, § 118, ECHR 2000-X; Karademir v. Turkey, no. 32990/96, § 53,

2001 wlis 30 oqtomberi).

28

29

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

115. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos seriozuli eWvebi gaaCnia #1060

sasamarTlo samedicino daskvnasTan dakavSirebiT da imasTan dakavSirebiT

Tu ra gziT ganxorcielda xsenebuli daskvnis Sedgena. gansakuTrebul

gakvirvebas iwvevs is faqti, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom eqspertma moixsenia

daskvnaSi, rom ganmcxadebeli “uCivis marcxena yurSi tkivilebs”, man

aucileblad ar CaTvala kiTxvebi daesva ganmcxadeblisaTvis simptomebisa

da tkvivilebis warmoSobis mizezebTan dakavSirebiT. eqsperts aseve ar

gausinjavs misi yuri da ar daufiqsirebia ganmcxadeblis ganmarteba Tu

ratom aqvs tkivilebi iseve rogorc ar daufiqsirebia Tavisi daskvnebi

(Akkoç, ibid.; zemoxsenebuli Pishchalnikov-is saqme § 59; SeadareT saqmes Elci and

Others v. Turkey, nos. 23145/93 and 25091/94, § 642, 2003 wlis 13 noemberi).

116. rac SeexebaT policiis oficrebis Cvenebebs, sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba ar dauTmos im faqts, rom gamoZiebaze

pasuxismgebelma prokurorma ar CaTvala aucileblad piradad daekiTxa

policielebi, rom araferi vTqvaT im faqtze, rom man ar daapirispira

policielebi ganmcxadebelTan, da jamSi Semoifargla maTgan mxolod

werilobiTi ganmartebebis miRebiT.

117. sasamarTlo kidev ufro gancvifrebulia im faqtiT, rom prokurors

ar daukiTxavs ganmcxadebeli mis mimarT arasaTanado mopyrobasTan

dakavSirebuli garemoebebis Sesaxeb. mas ar ganuxorcielebia raime saxis

mcdeloba, raTa daekiTxa ganmcxadeblis advokati an winaswari patimrobis

im izolatoris samedicino personali, sadac ganmcxadebeli Seasaxles

savaraudo arasaTanado mopyrobis Semdeg. mas ar ganuxorcielebia

mcdeloba, raTa moexdina policiis ganyofilebaSi arsebul izolatorSi

ganmcxadeblis

Tanamesakneebis

identificireba

da

maTi

dakiTxva.

ganmcxadeblis Tanamesakneebis saxelebi da gvarebi ucnobic rom

yofiliyo prokurorisaTvis, mas unda ganexorcielebina garkveuli

qmedebebi maTi identificirebisaTvis (sxva magaliTebs Soris ix.

zemoxsenebuli saqme Akulinin and Babich, § 53, da zemoxsenebuliVladimir Fedorov-

is saqme§ 73).

118. sasamarTlos azriT, zemoxsenebulma xarvezebma kritikul doneze

xelyves gamoZiebis efeqtianoba da imis SesaZlebloba, rom dadgeniliyo

Sesabamisi faqtebi.

119. sasamarTlo aseve acxadebs, rom miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom saqmis

ganmxilvelma

sasamarTlom

dakiTxa

ganmcxadebeli

da

policiis

ramodenime oficeri savaraudo arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT

da ganixila prokuroris mier mokvleuli masalebi aman ver gamoswora

zemoxsenebuli xarvezebi. ufro metic ar arsebobda raime saxis

mniSvnelovani sxvaoba policiis oficrebis mier prokurorisa da saqmis

ganmxilvel sasamarTloze wardgenil Cvenebebs Soris. kerZod, maSin

rodesac i.m-m ganucxada prokurors, rom man dakiTxa ganmcxadebeli 2000

wlis 9 seqtembers, man saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos ganucxada, rom

SvebulebaSi iyo xsenebul dRes (ix. 43-e da 62-e punqtebi). garda

xsenebulisa, maSin rodesac v.g-m uaryo misi daswreba ganmcxadeblis

dakiTxvisas, man amave dros daadastura, rom dakiTxa ganmcxadebeli (ix.

29

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

30

62-e punqti). Tumca saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom jerovani reagireba

ar moaxdina xsenebul urTierTsawinaaRmdego faqtebze. analogiurad,

erovnulma sasamarTlom uyuradRebod datova eqspertis #1060 daskvnis

sandoobis sakiTxi, romlis sandoobac ganmcxadebelma eWvqveS daayena.

erovnulma sasamarTlom reagireba aseve ar moaxdina ganmcxadeblis da

misi advokatis moTxovnaze, rom sasamarTlos gamoeZaxebina sasamarTlo

samedicino eqsperti da daekiTxa igi. saapelacio sasamarTlom, Tavis

mxriv, ZalaSi datova prokurorisa da pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebebi da daadgina, rom xelisuflebis xsenebulma organoebma

jerovnad gadaamowmes ganmcxadeblis pretenziebi.

120. xsenebulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo adgens, rom adgili hqonda

konvenciis me-3 muxlis proceduruli mxaris darRvevas.

3. me-3 muxlis arsebiTi mxaris savaraudo darRveva

a) zogadi principebi

121. rogorc es sasamarTlom mravaljer ganacxada, konvenciis me-3 muxli

icavs demokratiuli sazogadoebis erT erT yvelaze fundamentur

Rirebulebas. yvelaze rTul situaciebSic ki, rogoric SeiZleba iyos

terorizmTan

da

organizebul

danaSaulTan

brZola,

konvencia

absoluturi terminebiT krZalavs wamebas da araadamianur an Rirsebis

Semlaxvel mopyrobas an dasjas. konvenciisa da damatebiTi oqmebis

umetesi

arsebiTi

debulebebisagan

gansxvavebiT,

me-3

muxli

ar

iTvaliswinebs raime saxis gamonakliss da ar uSvebs raime saxis

gadaxvevas me-15 muxlis me-2 punqtidan Tundac sagangebo mdgomareobis

dros, romelic safrTxes uqmnis eris sicocxles ( ix. Selmouni v. France [GC],

no. 25803/94, § 95, ECHR 1999-V, da zemoxsenebuli saqme Assenov and Others, § 93).

122. arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli pretenziebi gamyarebuli

unda iyos Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebiT (ix. mutatis mutandis, Klaas v. Germany,

1993 wlis 22 seqtemberi, §30, Series A no. 269). xsenebul mtkicebulebaTa

Sesafaseblad, sasamarTlom SeimuSava “gonivrul eWvs miRma” standarti,

magram

sasamarTlo

amatebs,

rom

aseTi

dadastureba

SeiZleba

gamomdinareobdes sakmarisad Zlieri, naTeli da Sesabamisi miniSnebebidan

an faqtis analogiuri gauqarwylebeli prezumpciidan (Ireland v. the United

Kingdom, 1978 wlis 18 ianvari, § 161, Series A no. 25).

b) zemoxsenebuli principebis gamoyeneba winamdebare saqmeSi

123. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom ganmcxadebelma warmoadgina savaraudo

arasaTanado mopyrobis detaluri aRwera. ganmcxadeblis Tanamesakneebisa

da misi advokatis Cvenebebis Tanaxmad, maT SeniSnes ganmcxadeblis

sxeulze ramodenime dazianeba misi savaraudo cemidan ramodenime dReSi.

aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom policiis oficrebma, romlebic savaraudod

monawileobdnen arasaTanado mopyrobaSi, uaryves ganmcxadeblis cema,

xolo ganmcxadeblis sasamarTlo samedicino Semowmebam ver daadgina

raime saxis dazianeba ganmcxadeblis sxeulze. arc ganmcxadeblis

30

31

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

samedicino istoria Seicavs raime saxis miTiTebas sxeulze arsebul

dazianebebTan dakavSirebiT.

124.

sasamarTlo

aseve

iTvaliswinebs

ganmcxadeblis

savaraudo

arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT ganxorcielebuli gamoZiebasisas

daSvebul xarvezebs, rac sasamarTlom ukve daadgina, kerZod ki xarvezebs,

romlebic exeba samedicino Semowmebas (punqtebi 114-119).

125. mxareTa mier warmodgenili argumentaciis, iseve rogorc yvela

xelTarsebuli masalis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom mis

winaSe warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi ar aZlevs mas imis SesaZleblobas,

rom gonivrul eWvs miRma daadginos, rom ganmcxadebeli daeqvemdebara me-3

muxlis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdego mopyrobas, ris dadgenasac iTxovda

ganmcxadebeli. xsenebulTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli

xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom imis SesaZleblobis arqona, rom daedgina

marTlac hqonda adgili konvenciis me-3 muxlis sawinaaRmdego mopyrobas

Tu ara, mniSvnelovnad ganapiroba xelisuflebis erovnuli organoebis

mier jerovani da efeqtiani reaqciis ganuxorcieleblobam Sesabamis dros

ganmcxadeblis mier wardgenil pretenziebTan dakavSirebiT (SeadareT

Gharibashvili v. Georgia, no. 11830/03, § 57, 2008 wlis 29 ivlisi, Semdgomi

miniSnebebiT da aseve ix. Khashiyev and Akayeva v. Russia, nos. 57942/00 da57945/00, §

178, 2005 wlis 24 Tebervali, Semdgomi miniSnebebiT).

126. Sesabamisad sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia daadginos konvenciis me-3

muxlis arsebiTi mxaris darRveva ganmcxadeblis policiaSi patimrobis

dros

ganxorcielebul

savaraudo

arasaTanado

mopyrobasTan

dakavSirebiT.

II. konvenciis me-6 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

127. konvenciis me-6 muxlis 1-el, me-2 da me-3 punqtebze dayrdnobiT,

ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom mas msjavri dasdes mis mier micemuli

aRiarebiTi Cvenebis safuZvelze, romelic man misca zewolis qveS da

advokatis dauswreblad, xolo erovnulma sasamarTloebma ki ar

Seiswavles jerovnad yvela Sesabamisi faqti. sasamarTlo winamdebare

pretenzias ganixilavs konvenciis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtisa da me-3 (g)

qvepunqtis WrilSi, romelTa Tanaxmadac:

1. ..wardgenili sisxlissamarTlebrivi nebismieri braldebis safuZvlianobis

gamorkvevisas yvelas aqvs .. misi saqmis ganxilvis ufleba samarTliani ..

sasamarTlos mier. ...

2. ...

3. yovel pirs, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, aqvs,

sul mcire, Semdegi uflebebi:

..

31

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

32

g) daicvas Tavi piradad an mis mier arCeuli damcvelis meSveobiT, an, Tu

mas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi saSualeba iuridiuli momsaxurebis

asanazRaureblad, ufasod isargeblos aseTi momsaxurebiT, rodesac amas

moiTxovs marTlmsajulebis interesebi;

a. mxareTa argumentacia

128. mTavroba acxadebda, rom aRiarebiTi Cveneba ganmcxadebelma Seadgina

sakuTari xeliT 2000 wlis 9 seqtembers. ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis debulebebis Sesabamisad, es ar iyo procesualuri dokumenti,

romelic SeiZleba da unda Sedgeniliyo advokatis TandaswrebiT.

dakiTxvis oficialuri oqmisagan gansxvavebiT, aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micema

damokidebuli iyo braldebulis keTil nebaze. aRiarebiTi Cveneba

dawerili iyo ganmcxadeblis xeliT da aseve Tan erTvoda misi xelmowera,

romliTac igi adasturebda, rom misTvis cnobili iyo ufleba ar mieca

Cveneba sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg, rac uzrunvelyofilia ruseTis

konstituciis 510e muxliT. me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenil

argumentaciaze dayrdnobiT, mTavroba acxadebda, rom aRiarebiTi Cveneba

ar yofila micemuli policiis oficrebis mier ganxorcielebuli

savaraudo arasaTanado mopyrobis Sedegad.

129. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom erovnuli sasamarTlos mier im

mtkicebulebis daSveba, romelic mopovebul iqna arasaTanado mopyrobis

Sedegad, arRvevda mis samarTliani sasamarTlo mosmenis uflebas. igi

acxadebda, rom saqmis gamoZiebis ganmavlobaSi, braldebulis aRiarebiTi

Cveneba micemuli unda yofiliyo misi advokatis TandaswrebiT an misi

aryofnis

xelmisawvdomi

SemTxvevaSi,

sakmarisi

procedurebi

unda

ganmavlobaSi,

yofiliyo

raTa

sasamarTlo

samarTalwarmoebis

gadamowmebuliyo, rom aRiareba ar iyo mopovebuli zewolis Sedegad.

ganmcxadebeli xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom mTavrobam aRiara, rom mis mier

aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micema ganxorcielda misi advokatis dauswreblad. igi

sasamarTlos yuradRebas amaxvilebda im faqtze, rom mis advokats uari

uTxres mis monaxulebaze 2000 wlis 8 seqtembers, anu im dRes rodesac mis

mimarT ganxorcielda arasaTanado mopyroba. amave dros mTavrobas ar

miuTiTebia romelime sakanonmdeblo debulebaze, romelic krZalavs

advokatis daswrebas aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemisas. mTavrobas arc raime

Sesabamisi

mizezi

warmoudgenia

imasTan

dakavSirebiT,

Tu

ratom

ganucxades mas uari advokatis daxmarebaze. ganmcxadebeli aseve

acxadebda, rom misTvis xelmisawvdomi ar yofila raime saxis procedura,

romlis

meSveobiTac

SesaZlebeli

gaxdeboda

sasamarTlo

samarTalwarmoebisas gadamowmebuliyo is faqti, rom misi aRiarebiTi

Cveneba ar iyo mopovebuli zewolis Sedegad. saqmis ganmxilvelma da

saapelacio sasamarTloebma TavianTi gadawyvetilebebi daafuZvnes 2000

wlis 14-18 seqtembris samedicino daskvnasa da 2000 wlis 24 seqtembriT

daTariRebul

prokuroris

gadawyvetilebas,

Tumca

erovnul

sasamarTloebs ar hqoniaT sxva aranairi mtkicebuleba, garda misi

aRiarebiTi Cvenebisa, rom man Caidina danaSauli.

b. sasamarTlos Sefaseba

32

33

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

1. zogadi principebi

130. konvenciis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqti, rogorc wesi, moiTxovs, rom

uzrunvelyofili iyo advokatze xelmisawvdomoba policiaSi warmoebuli

pirveli dakiTxvis momentidanve. Tumca SeiZleba arsebobdes gamonaklisi

SemTxvevebi, ra drosac TiToeuli saqmis konkretuli garemoebebidan

gamomdinare unda dadasturdes jerovani mizezebis arseboba advokatze

xelmisawvdomobis SezRudvasTan dakavSirebiT (ix. Salduz v. Turkey [GC], no.

36391/02, § 55, 2008 wlis 27 noemberi; ix. aseve Dayanan v. Turkey, no. 7377/03, §§ 29-

34, 2009 wlis 13 oqtomberi). maSinac ki rodesac aseT jerovan mizezebs

SeuZliaT

gamonaklis

SemTxvevebSi

gaamarTlos

advokatze

xelmisawvdomoba, aseTi SezRudva – rac ar unda amarTlebdes mas –

arajerovnad ar unda zRudavdes braldebulis me-6 muxliT garantirebul

uflebebs. (ibid). dacvis mxaris uflebebi aSkarad dairRveva, rodesac

danaSaulis CadenaSi mamxilebeli Cvenebebi mopovebul iqneba policiis

mier warmoebuli dakiTxvisas, romelsac ar eswreba advokati da moxdeba

maTi gamoyeneba msjavrdebisaTvis.

131. sasamarTlo aseve xazs usvams gamoZiebis etapis mniSvnelobas sisxlis

samarTalwarmoebis momzadebisaTvis, radganac am etapze mopovebuli

mtkicebulebebi

gansazRvraven

braldebis

CarCoebs,

romelic

unda

ganixilos saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom (zemoxsenebuli Salduz-is saqme

§ 54). amave dros braldebuli xSirad aRmoCndeba xolme ususur

mdgomareobaSi samarTalwarmoebis xsenebul etapze da xsenebulis efeqts

kidev ufro zrdis is faqti, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kanonmdebloba ufro da ufro rTuldeba, gansakuTrebiT ki im

debulebebis TvalsazrisiT, romlebic exeba mtkicebulebebis Segrovebas.

umetes SemTxvevebSi xsenebuli gansakuTrebuli ususuroba SeiZleba

jerovnad iqnes kompensirebuli advokatis daxmarebiT, romlis amocanac,

sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, aris imis uzrunvelyofa, rom daculi iyos

braldebulis ufleba Cveneba ar misces sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg (Jalloh v.

Germany [GC], no. 54810/00, § 100, ECHR 2006-IX, daKolu v. Turkey, no. 35811/97, § 51, 2005

wlis 2 agvisto).

132. sasamarTlo kvlavac imeorebs, rom konvenciis me-19 muxlis

Sesabamisad, sasamarTlos valdebulebaa uzrunvelyos xelSemkvreli

saxelmwifoebis mier konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebis dacva. kerZod

sasamarTlos funqcias ar warmoadgens im faqtobrivi Tu sakanonmdeblo

Secdomebis

ganxilva,

romlebic

savaraudod

dauSves

erovnulma

sasamarTloebma, garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa da mxolod im moculobiT, ra

moculobiTac isini exeba konvenciiT dacul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs.

maSin rodesac me-6 muxli uzrunvelyofs samarTliani sasamarTlo

mosmenis uflebas igi ar ayalibebs raime wesebs mtkicebulebebis

daSvebasTan

dakavSirebiT,

da

xsenebuli

ZiriTadad

regulirdeba

erovnuli samarTliT (Schenk v. Switzerland, 1988 wlis 12 ivlisi, §§ 45-46, Series A

no. 140).

133. amitomac, principSi, sasamarTlos funqcia ar aris gansazRvros

garkveuli tipis mtkicebulebebi – magaliTad, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis

33

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

34

darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi – unda iqnes daSvebuli Tu ara, an

sinamdvileSi, ganmcxadebeli iyo damnaSave Tu ara. kiTxva romelzec

pasuxi unda gaeces Semdegnairad unda iqnes formulirebuli: mTlianobaSi

aRebuli, samarTlawarmoeba, maT Soris Tu ra gziT iqna mtkicebulebebi

mopovebuli, samarTliani iyo Tu ara.

134. amgvarad, sasamarTlom adre ukve daadgina, rom imis gansazRvrisas

samarTalwarmoeba mTlianobaSi iyo Tu ara samarTliani, mxedvelobaSi

unda iqnes miRebuli daculi iyo Tu ara dacvis mxaris uflebebi, kerZod

ki mieca Tu ara ganmcxadebels SesaZlebloba, rom gaesaCivrebina

mtkicebulebebis avTenturoba da edava maT gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT

(ix. Panovits v. Cyprus, no. 4268/04, § 82, 2008 wlis 11 dekemberi). damatebiT unda

aRiniSnos, rom mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli mtkicebulebis xarisxi,

maT Soris is faqti warmoSobs Tu ara eWvs mis sarwmunoobasTan an

jerovnebasTan

dakavSirebiT

is

garemobebi,

romlebSic

igi

iqna

mopovebuli (ibid.). sinamdvileSi, rodesac sadao xdeba mtkicebulebis

sarwmunooba, imisaTvis, raTa procesi samarTliani iyos, gacilebiT didi

mniSvneloba unda mieniWos mtkicebulebebis daSvebadobis ganxilvas (Allan

v. the United Kingdom, no. 48539/99, § 47, ECHR 2002-IX).

135. da bolos, sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom konvenciiT garantirebul

uflebaze uaris Tqma – im moculobiT ra moculobiTac es nebadarTulia

– winaaRmdegobaSi ar unda modiodes mniSvnelovan sajaro interesebTan,

unda iqnes dadgenili calsaxad da uzrunvelyofili unda iyos

minimaluri

garantiebiT,

romlebic

Sesabamisi

unda

iyos

uaris

mniSvnelobasTan (Sejdovic v. Italy [GC], no. 56581/00, § 86, ECHR 2006-II). ufro

metic, manam sanam vityodeT, rom braldebulma Tavisi qmedebiT

arapirdapiri

gziT

uari

ganacxada

me-6

muxliT

garantirebul

mniSvnelovan uflebaze, unda dadasturdes, rom mas gonivrulad SeeZlo

ganeWvrita Tu ra Sedegebs gamoiRebda misi saqcieli (ix. Talat Tunç v. Turkey,

no. 32432/96, § 59, 2007 wlis 27 marti, da Jones v. the United Kingdom (dec.), no.

30900/02, 2003 wlis 9 seqtemberi).

2. zemoxsenebuli principebis gamoyeneba winamdebare saqmeSi

136. winamdebare saqmis garemoebebs, rom davubrundeT, sasamarTlo adgens,

rom 2000 wlis 5 seqtembers misi dakavebis Semdgom, ganmcxadebeli dakiTxa

x.a-m. rogorc Cans dakiTxva warimarTa advokatis dauswreblad da

ganmcxadebelma uaryo d-s mkvleloba (ix. zemoT me-8 da me-9 punqtebi).

meore dRes ganmcxadebelma daiqirava kerZo advokati a.a., romelmac

moinaxula igi policiis ganyofilebaSi.

137. rogorc Cans 2000 wlis

ganmcxadebelma misca aRiarebiTi

8

seqtembers, anu im dRes, rodesac

Cveneba, romelic ganmcxadeblis

mtkicebiT zewolis Sedegad iqna mopovebuli, misma advokatma a.a.-m ver

SeZlo ganmcxadeblis monaxuleba izolatorSi (ix. 53-e da 55-e punqtebi).

mxareebs Soris sadao ar gamxdara is faqti, rom amis Semdgom

ganmcxadebels ar mieca xelmisawvdomoba Tavis advokatze 2000 wlis 12

seqtembramde. xsenebulTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo gansakuTrebiT

34

35

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

SemaSfoTeblad miiCnevs a.a-s argumentacias, romelic man ramodenimejer

warudgina erovnuli xelisuflebis organoebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom

2000 wlis 8 seqtembris Semdgom dReebSi mas waerTva SesaZlebloba

xelmisavwdomoba hqonoda mis dacvis qveS myofTan da rom d-s

mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebuli gamoZiebis mwarmoebelma xelisuflebis

organoebma SecdomaSi Seiyvanes igi ganmcxadeblis adgilsamyofelTan

dakavSirebiT (ibid.).

138. sasamarTlo aseve mxedvelobaSi iRebs mTavrobis mier im faqtis

aRiarebas, rom ganmcxadeblis aRiareba mopovebul iqna misi advokatis

dauswreblad (ix. 128-e da 129-e punqtebi). sasamarTlo aseve iTvaliswinebs

im faqts, rom rogorc ki ganmcxadebels xelmisawvdomoba mieca advokat

a.a-ze, da amis Semdgom igi dakiTxes misi TandaswrebiT 2000 wlis 13

seqtembers, ganmcxadebelma gadaTqva aRiarebiTi Cveneba, da daiwyo imis

mtkiceba, rom Cveneba misgan moipoves zewolis Sedegad da advokatis

dauswreblad.

139. mTavrobis im mtkicebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis Tanaxmadac

aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemis dros erovnuli kanonmdebloba savaldebulo

wesiT ar moiTxovda advokatis daswrebas, sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom mis

funqcias ar warmoadgens abstraqtulad imis gadawyveta Sesabamisi

erovnuli samarTali SesabamisobaSia konvenciasTan Tu ara, iseve rogorc

imis Sefaseba xelisuflebis erovnulma organoebma daicves kanonmdebloba

Tu ara, aramed sasamarTlos funqcias warmoadgens imis Sefaseba daculi

iyo Tu ara me-6 muxlis moTxovnebi (Ringeisen v. Austria, 1971 wlis 16 ivlisi, § 97,

Series A no. 13).

140. kvlavac adasturebs ra mis mier konvenciis me-3 muxlis arsebiT

mxaresTan dakavSirebiT miRebul gadawyvetilebas, sasamarTlo acxadebs,

rom man miiCnia, rom ganmcxadebels gaaCnda “safuZvliani pretenzia”

policiis mier mis mimarT ganxorcielebul arasaTanado mopyrobasTan

dakavSirebiT (ix. 111-e punqti). samwuxarod, xelisuflebis erovnuli

organoebis mier ganxorcielebulma gamoZiebam ver mofina naTeli im

garemoebebs, romelSic ganmcxadeblis aRiarebiTi Cveneba iqna miRebuli.

xsenebuli SesaZlebloba ar mieca arc sasamarTlos, raTa mas gamoerkvia

Sesabamisi garemoebebi da gaefanta yovelgvari eWvi zemoxsenebul

pretenziasTan dakavSirebiT.

141. zemoxsenebuli mosazrebebis, iseve rogorc mxareTa mier warmodgenili

argumentaciisa da masalebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo mivida im

daskvnamde, rom saqmeSi ar moipoveba raime saxis miniSneba imasTan

dakavSirebiT,

rom

ganmcxadebelma

Tavisi

nebiT

uari

ganacxada

samarTlebriv daxmarebaze 2000 wlis 8-9 seqtembers an amis Semdgom (Savaş v.

Turkey, no. 9762/03, §§ 66-67, 2009 wlis 8 dekemberi).

142. sasamarTlo aseve adgens, rom winamdebare saqmeSi, garda zewolasTan

dakavSirebuli

pretenziisa,

ganmcxadebeli

aseve

Cioda

imasTan

dakavSirebiT, rom misi aRiarebiTi Cveneba amoricxul unda yofiliyo

35

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

36

sasamarTlos mier gansaxilvel mtkicebulebaTa siidan, radganac es

Cveneba mopovebul iqna misi samarTlebrivi warmomadgenlis dauswreblad.

143. rogorc es naTlad Cans 2001 wlis 15 ianvris ganaCenidan, saqmis

ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom ganmcxadebeli braleulad cno mkvlelobis

CadenaSi mis mier micemuli aRiarebiTi Cvenebis safuZvelze, romelic

gamyarebuli iyo aseve sxva mtkicebulebebiT (ix. 65-e punqti). sasamarTlom

ukve ganixila is garemoebebi, romelSic mopovebul iqna aRiarebiTi

Cveneba, da isini saeWvod miiCnia. aseve naTlad ikveTeba, rom miuxedavad im

faqtisa,

rom

saapelacio

sasamarTloebma

ganixiles

zewolasTan

dakavSirebuli ganmcxadeblis argumentacia, Sesabamisi sasamarTloebis

gadawyvetielebebis ar Seicavs raime saxis argumentacias advokatis

daswrebis

sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT,

miuxedavad

im

faqtisa,

rom

ganmcxadebeli mudmivad ayenebda xsenebul sakiTxs saqmis ganmxilveli da

saapelacio sasamarTloebis winaSe (ix. 58-e da 67-69-e punqtebi).

xsenebulidan gamomdinare sasamarTlo ver darwmunda, rom ganmcxadeblis

pretenziebs gaeca Sesabamisi pasuxi erovnuli sasamarTloebis mxridan da

Tvlis, rom winamdebare saqmeSi ar ganxorcielebula samarTliani

procedurebi raTa Sefasebuliyo samarTlebrivi daxmarebis sakiTxi (anu

aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micemisas advokatis daswreba).

144. zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo adgens, rom ganmcxadeblis

im aRiarebiTi Cvenebis gamoyeneba, romelic mopovebul iqna iseT

garemoebebSi, romelic warmoSobs eWvs am Cvenebis sakuTari nebiT

micemasTan dakavSirebiT, iseve rogorc aRiarebiTi Cvenebis micema

advokatis dauswreblad, erTad aRebuli im faqtTan, rom ganmcxadebeli ar

iyo uzrunvelyofili Sesabamisi garantiebiT sasamarTlo ganxilvisas,

arasamarTliani gaxada ganmcxadeblis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilva.

145. Sesabamisad dairRva konvenciis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqti amave muxlis

me-3 (g) punqtTan kavSirSi.

146. zemoxsenebuli daskvnidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo saWirod aRar

miiCnevs ganmcxadeblis sxva pretenziebis ganxilvas me-6 muxlTan

dakavSirebiT.

III. konvenciis 34-e muxlis savaraudo darRveva

147. sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT aRZra sakiTxi imasTan dakavSirebiT

daeqvemdebara Tu ara ganmcxadebeli daSinebas, rac Tavis mxriv

warmoadgenda konvenciis 34 muxlis Sesabamisad mis mier individualuri

ganacxadis wardgenis uflebiT efeqtianad sargeblobisaTvis Seqmnil

bariers. xsenebuli exeba 2004 wlis 6 ianvris movlenebs. konvenciis 34-e

muxlis Tanaxmad:

sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganacxadebi nebismieri fizikuri piris,

arasamTavrobo organizaciis an calkeul pirTa jgufisagan, romlebic

amtkiceben, rom isini arian erT-erTi maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris mier

konvenciiT an misi oqmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis darRvevis msxverplni.

36

37

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

maRali xelSemkvreli mxareebi kisruloben valdebulebas, arafriT SeuSalon

xeli am uflebis efeqtian ganxorcielebas.

a. mxareTa argumentacia

148. mTavrobam aRiara, rom 2004 wlis 6 ianvars kapitani g., romelic iyo

aRsrulebis samsaxuris regionuli biuros warmomadgeneli, esaubra

ganmcxadebels.

Tumca,

mTavroba

acxadebda,

rom

saubris

mizans

warmoadgenda “im garemoebebis gadamowmeba, romlebic safuZvlad daedo

ganmcxadeblis mier evropul sasamarTloSi ganacxadis wardgenas” da

“sruli informaciis miReba wardgenil ganacxadTan dakavSirebiT im

mizniT, rom momzadebuliyo mTavrobis mier sasamarTlosaTvis warsadgeni

argumentacia”. ganmcxadeblis mimarT ar ganxorcielebula raime saxis

fsiqologiuri Tu fizikuri zewola, rasac adasturebda ganmcxadeblis

mier 2004 wlis 3 marts micemuli werilobiTi Cveneba, sadac ganmcxadebeli

acxadebda, rom mas ar gaaCnda raime saxis pretenzia koloniis

administraciasTan an aRsrulebis biuros regionaluri departamentis

mimarT.

149. ganmcxadebelma xazi gausva mTavrobis aRiarebas imasTan dakavSirebiT,

rom massa da kapitan g-s Soris namdvilad Sedga saubari. daeyrdno ra mis

mier da C.m-s mier 2005 wlis 11 ivliss micemul Cvenebebs, ganmcxadebelma

ganacxada, rom mTavrobis mtkicebis sapirispirod, g-m ganaxorciela masze

zewola, raTa mas Seecvala Tavisi pozicia sasamarTloSi wardgenil

gancxadTan

savaraudo cema. kerZod, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom g-m ubrZana mas

daewera ganmarteba zemoxsenebul movlenebTan dakavSirebiT misi

dakavSirebiT

da

uareyo

policiaSi

ganxorcielebuli

miTiTebebis Sesabamisad da daemuqra ganmcxadebels angariSsworebiT mas

Semdgom, rac man amaze uari ganacxada. ganmcxadebelma TxovniT mimarTa

sasamarTlos, raTa mas gaeTvaliswinebina misi, rogorc patimris,

mowyvladi mdgomareoba, romlis keTildReobac srulad iyo damokidebuli

xelisuflebis organoebze. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom xelisuflebis

organoebs gaaCndaT mravali saSualeba, raTa cixeSi misi yofna autaneli

gamxdariyo, magaliTis saxiT ki moiyvana misTvis muSaobis uflebis

CamorTmeva. ganmcxadeblis, rogorc patimris, zogadi mowyvladoba kidev

ufro gauaresda im faqtiT, rom Sesabamis dros mas ar gaaCnda

warmomadgeneli sasamarTlos winaSe; man daiqirava EHRAC-is advokatebi

mxolod kapitan g-sTan gamarTuli saubridan 10 Tvis Semdgom. ufro metic,

maTi saubris dros, kapitanma g-m calsaxad uaryo ganmcxadeblis moTxovna

misi advokatis daswrebasTan dakavSirebiT. da bolos 2004 wlis martisa

da 2005 wlis ivlisis movlenebze miTiTebiT, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda,

rom igi daeqvemdebara daSinebas xelisuflebis organoebis mxridan

b. sasamarTlos Sefaseba

150.

sasamarTlo

imeorebs,

rom

34-e

muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli

individualuri ganacxadis sistemis efeqtiani moqmedebisaTvis, Zalze

mniSvnelovania, rom ganmcxadeblebs an potenciur ganmcxadeblebs

SesaZlebloba

hqondeT

Tavisuflad

ganaxorcielon

komunikacia

37

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

38

sasamarTlosTan da ar daeqvemdebaron raime saxis zewolas xelisuflebis

organoebis mxridan im mizniT, rom maT gamoitanon an Secvalon

sasamarTlos winaSe wardgenili ganacxadi (sxva magaliTebs Soris ix.

Akdivar and Others v. Turkey, 1996 wlis 16 seqtemberi, § 105, Reports 1996-IV, da Aksoy

v. Turkey, 1996 wlis 18 dekemberi, § 105, Reports 1996-VI).

151. termin “raime saxis zewola”-Si igulisxmeba, rogorc pirdapiri

zewola da ganmcxadeblis an maTi samarTlebrivi warmomadgenlebis

dasaSineblad ganxorcielebuli aSkara qmedebebi, aramed aseve sxva

arajerovani arapirdapiri qmedebebi an kontaqtebi, romelTa mizansac

warmoadgens ganmcxadeblis an misi warmomadgenlis gadarwmuneba an

survili gaqroba, rom maT gamoiyenon konvenciiT uzrunvelyofili

samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualeba an ganaxorcielon “damakninebeli efeqti”

ganmcxadeblis an misi warmomadgenlis mier individualuri ganacxadiT

sargeblobasTan dakavSirebiT (Mechenkov v. Russia, no. 35421/05, § 116, 2008 wlis

7 Tebervali, Semdgomi miTiTebebiT).

152. amasTanave, is faqti, warmoadgens Tu ara xelisuflebis organoebsa da

ganmcxadebels Soris kontaqti 34-e muxlis Seusabamo praqtikas,

gansazRvrul unda iqnes saqmis konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare.

xsenebulTan

dakavSirebiT,

mxedvelobaSi

unda

iqnes

miRebuli

ganmcxadeblis mowyvladi mdgomareoba da xelisuflebis organoebis

mxridan mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli zegavlenisadmi mgrZnobiaroba (

zemoxsenebuli Akdivar and Others-is saqme, § 105, da Kurt v. Turkey, 1998 wlis 25

maisi, § 160, Reports 1998-III). ganmcxadeblis mdgomareoba gansakuTrebulad

mowyvladi SeiZleba iyos maSin, rodesac igi imyofeba cixeSi da mas

SezRuduli aqvs kontaqtebi ojaxsa da garesamyarosTan (Cotleţ v. Romania, no.

38565/97, § 71, 2003 wlis 3 ivnisi).

153. winamdebare saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo adgens, rom

mxareebs Soris sadao ar gamxdara is faqti, rom 2004 wlis 6 ianvars

aRsrulebis

biuros

oficeri

esaubra

ganmcxadebels

mis

mier

sasamarTloSi Setanil ganacxadTan dakavSirebiT.

154. ganmcxadeblis Tanaxmad, saubrisas g-m ganaxorciela masze zewola im

mizniT, rom mas daewera Cveneba, rac winaaRmdegobaSi movidoda mis mier

sasamarTlos

winaSe

wardgenil

ganacxadSi

miTiTebul

erT

pretenziasTan da daemuqra ganmcxadebels angariSsworebiT, rodesac

ganmcxadebelma uari ganacxada moTxovnis Sesrulebaze. xsenebulTan

dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom saubridan mokle xanSi

ganmcxadebelma, Tavisi Zmis saSualebiT, sasamarTlos acnoba xsenebuli

faqtis Sesaxeb (ix. 71-e punqti). mas Semdgom, rac sasamarTlom acnoba

mTavrobas xsenebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb, ganmcxadebelma kvlav gaimeora

Tavisi pretenziebi da warudgina sasamarTlos kapitan g-sTan saubris

sruli detalebi (ix. 76-e punqti). movlenebis aRweras amyarebda C.m-s

werilobiTi Cveneba, romelmac moinaxula ganmcxadebeli koloniaSi (ix.

zemoT 82-e punqti). jamSi, ganmcxadebelma aramxolod swrafad acnoba

sasamarTlos

gamarTuli

saubris

Sesaxeb,

aramed

ramodenime

38

39

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

mtkicebulebac warmoadgina Tavisi argumentaciis gasamyareblad da igi

yovelTvis Tanmimdevruli iyo movlenebis aRweraSi.

155. mTavrobam uaryo kapitan g-sTan ganxorcielebuli saubrisas

ganmcxadeblis mimarT raime zewolis ganxorcieleba da ganacxada, rom

saubari miznad isaxavda mxolod ganmcxadeblisagan informaciis mopovebas

gansakuTrebiT

warsadgeni mTavrobis

im

mizniT,

rom

momzadebuliyo

Tumca mTavrobas

sasamarTlosaTvis

ar warudgenia

pozicia.

sasamarTlosaTvis raime saxis dokumentacia, magaliTad, saubris Canaweri,

romelic gaabaTilebda ganmcxadeblis argumentacias an saeWvos gaxdida

warmoebuli saubris Sinaarsis ganmcxadebliseul aRweras (Popov v. Russia,

no. 26853/04, § 249, 2006 wlis 13 ivlisi).

156. mTavrobis im mtkicebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis Tanaxmadac saubris

mizans warmoadgenda “ganmcxadeblis mier sasamarTloSi wardgenili

ganacxadis ganmapirobebeli garemoebebis gadamowmeba” da romelic

imgvarad SeiZleba gavigoT, rom gulisxmobda xelisuflebis organoebis

survils

savaraudo

gadaemowmebinaT

arasaTanado

ganmcxadeblis

mopyrobasTan

mimarT

dakavSirebuli

ganxorcielebuli

pretenziebi

(SeadareT Popov –is saqmes), sasamarTlo ucnaurad miiCnevs, rom gavida 1

wliani Sualedi g-s vizitsa da im sagamoZiebo qmedebebs Soris, romlebic

ganxorcielda 2005 wels damatebiTi gamoZiebisas. nebismier SemTxvevaSi

Sesabamis dokumentaciaSi araferi metyvelebs imaze, rom erovnul doneze

ganxorcielebuli damatebiTi mokvleva kavSirSi iyo kapitan g-s mier

ganmcxadeblis

gamokiTxvasTan.

jamSi,

sasamarTlo

ver

darwmunda

mTavrobis mier warmodgenili argumentebiT da miaCnia, rom sadao saubari

warimarTa imgvarad, rogorc es aRwera ganmcxadebelma.

157. sasamarTlo aseve aRniSnavs, rom ganmcxadeblis Tanaxmad kapitan g-

sTan 2004 wlis 3 martis Sexvedris garda, igi moinaxules xelisuflebis

sxva warmomadgenlebmac, romlebmac mas kiTxvebi dausves mis mier

sasamarTlos

winaSe

wardgenil

ganacxadTan

dakavSirebiT

da

im

garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic safuZvlad daedo ganacxads,

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba ki gamaxvilebuli iyo savaraudo arasaTanado

mopyrobaze (ix. 78-e da 80-e punqtebi). mTavrobas ar warmoudgenia sapasuxo

argumentacia xsenebul argumentaciasTan dakavSirebiT da arc sadaod

gauxdia is. Tumca mTavrobam sasamarTlos warudgina 2004 wlis 3 martiT

daTariRebuli ganmcxadeblis werilobiTi Cveneba, romelic adasturebda,

rom xsenebul dRes ganmcxadebeli kvlav dakiTxes savaraudo arasaTanado

mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT (ix. 74-e punqti). xsenebulTan dakavSirebiT

sasamarTlo eWvis TvaliT uyurebs im situacias, rodesac mas Semdgom rac

patimrobaSi myofma patimarma pretenzia gamoTqva mis mimarT cixis

oficrebis mier ganxorcielebul zewolasTan dakavSirebiT da xsenebulis

Sesaxeb sasamarTlom acnoba mTavrobas, am ukanasknelma sasamarTlos

warudgina imave ganmcxadeblis Cveneba, romlis Tanaxmadac mas ar gaaCnda

raime saxis pretenzia raime movlenasTan dakavSirebiT.

158. rac Seexeba ganmcxadeblis argumentacias im faqtTan dakavSirebiT,

rom xelisuflebis organoebis warmomadgenlebis vizitis Semdgom mas

mouxda samuSaos datoveba koloniaSi, rom igi gadaiyvanes uares

39

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

40

sacxovrebel pirobebSi da daemuqrnen sisxlis samarTlis aRZvriT yalbi

Cvenebis micemisaTvis, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom

mTavrobas es Cvenebebi sadao ar gauxdia, xsenebuli pretenziebi ar aris

gamyarebuli saqmeSi arsebuli raime saxis mtkicebulebiT.

159. miuxedavad xsenebulisa, 154-157-e punqtebSi mocemuli faqtebi,

sakmarisia sasamarTlosaTvis, raTa man daaskvnas, rom ganmcxadebels

safuZvlianad CaeTvala rom mis mimarT xorcieldeboda daSineba kapitan g-

sTan saubris Semdgom, iseve rogorc, xelisflebis sxva warmomadgenlebis

mier

ganxorcielebuli

dakiTxvis

Semdgom.

ganmcxadebels

aseve

samarTliani SiSi unda gasCenoda im angariSsworebasTan mimarTebaSi,

romelic ukavSirdeboda mis mier sasamarTloSi ganacxadis wardgenas.

Sesabamisad sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom igi daeqvemdebara arakanonier

zewolas, romelic warmoadgens individualuri ganacxadiT mimarTvis mis

uflebaSi Carevas.

160. Sesabamisad, mopasuxe saxelmwifom daarRvia konvenciis 34-e muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli valdebuleba.

IV. konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyeneba

161. konvenciis 41-e muxlis Tanaxmad:

“Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom dairRva konvencia da misi oqmebi, xolo Sesabamisi maRali

xelSemkvreli mxaris Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTali darRvevis mxolod nawilobrivi

gamosworebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo dazaralebul

mxares samarTlian dakmayofilebas miakuTvnebs”.

a. ziani

162.

asanazRaureblad. ganmcxadebeli aseve moiTxovda sasamarTlosagan, raTa

samarTlianobis aRsadgenad sasamarTlos, mopasuxe saxelmwifo

daevaldebulebina xelaxla ganexila misi saqme.

ganmcxadebeli

moiTxovda

15.000

evros

moraluri

zianis

163. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom radganac ganmcxadeblis uflebebi ar

yofila darRveuli, sasamarTlos ar unda mieRo ganmcxadeblis

pretenziebi. alternativis saxiT, mTavroba amtkicebda, rom sasamarTlos

mier darRvevis dadgena, Tavad iqneboda sakmarisi samarTliani

dakmayofileba.

164. pirvel rigSi sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom winamdebare saqmeSi man

daadgina konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 (g) punqtis darRveva konvenciis me-6

muxlis 1-el punqtTan kavSirSi. imdenad ramdenadac ganmcxadeblis

pretenzia exeba darRvevis dadgenas, sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom maSin

rodesac ganmcxadebels daedo msjavri miuxedavad imisa, rom adgili

hqonda konvenciis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis potenciur darRvevas,

ganmcxadebeli maqsimalurad unda iqnes iseT mdgomareobaSi Cayenebuli,

romelSic igi iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki daculi iqneboda xsenebuli

debulebis moTxovnebi da principSi uflebaSi aRdgenis yvelaze Sesaferis

40

41

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

formad

unda

miviCnioT

axali

samarTalwarmoebis

aRZvra

an

samarTalwarmoebis ganaxleba, Tuki amas moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli (Öcalan v.

Turkey [GC], no. 46221/99, § 210 in fine, ECHR 2005-IV, da zemoxsenebuli Popov-is

saqme § 264). xsenebulTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom ruseTis

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis 413-e muxlis Tanaxmad

sisxlis

samarTalwarmoebis

ganaxleba

SesaZlebelia

strasburgis

sasamarTlos mier konvenciis darRvevis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi (ix. 98-e

punqti).

165.

rac

Seexeba

ganmcxadeblis

pretenziebs

moralur

zianTan

dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlom winamdebare saqmeSi daadgina konvenciis

darRvevis 3 SemTxveva. winamdebare garemoebebSi, sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom

ganmcxadeblis mier gancdili tanjva da frustracia, ar SeiZleba

anazRaurdes mxolod darRvevis dadgeniT. ganaxorciela ra Sefaseba

Tanasworobis

safuZvelze,

sasamarTlo

akuTvnebs

ganmcxadebels

moraluri zianis anazRaurebisaTvis moTxovnil Tanxas plius nebismieri

gadasaxadi, romliTac SesaZloa daibegros ganmcxadebeli.

b. xarjebi da gaweuli danaxarjebi

166. ganmcxadebeli moiTxovda 40000 rusul rubls erovnul doneze a.a-s da

C.m-s mier gaweuli samarTlebrivi warmomadgenlobisaTvis. amasTanave

ganmcxadebelma

sasamarTlos

warudgina

dawvrilebiTi

angariSgeba,

romelic ukavSirdeboda strasburgis sasamarTlos winaSe misi interesebis

warmodgenas da romelic moicavda gamokiTxvas, kvlevas da sasamarTlos

winaSe warsadgeni dokumentaciis Sedgenas, romlis fasic iyo saaTSi 50

evro q-ni vedernikovasaTvis da saaTSi 100 girvanqa sterlingi b-ni

liCisaTvis. ganmcxadebeli aseve moiTxovda TargmanTan dakavSirebuli

xarjebis anazRaurebas. Sesabamisi xarjebi Semdegnairad iyo gawerili:

2700 evro qalabatoni vedernikovas momsaxurebisaTvis, romelic unda

gadaxdiliyo mis ruseTSi arsebul angariSze; 766 funti sterling b-ni

liCis momsaxurebisaTvis da 1831,65 funti TargmanisaTvis, romelic unda

gadaxdiliyo EHRAC is angariSze gaerTianebul samefoSi. saerTo jamSi

ganmcxadeblis moTxovna xarjebsa da gaweul danaxarjebTan dakavSirebiT

Seadgenda 7624.73 evros.

167. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom ganmcxadeblis pretenziebi dausabuTebeli

iyo a.a-s momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebiT. mTavroba aseve amtkicebda, rom

ganmcxadeblis interesebis warmodgena EHRAC is 2 advokatis mier ar iyo

gamarTlebuli.

mTavrobam

pretenzia

ganacxada

ganmcxadeblis

moTxovnasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Sesabamisi xarjebi gadaxdili yofiliyo

misi warmomadgenlebis angariSebze.

168. sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom mxolod samarTlebrivi xarjebi da gaweuli

danaxarjebi, romelTa gaRebac moxda realurad da saWiroebisamebr da

romlebic Tavisi moculobiT gonivrulia, SesaZlebelia anazRaurdes

konvenciis 41-e muxlis Sesabamisad (McCann and Others v. the United Kingdom, 1995

wlis 27 seqtemberi, § 220, Series A no. 324). sasamarTlo aseve aRniSnavs, rom

erovnul samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi mxolod im

41

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

42

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba anazRaurdes Tuki maTi gaReba moxda ganmcxadeblis

mier im darRvevaTa aRsakveTad, romlebic daadgina sasamarTlom an

darRveul uflebaSi aRsadgenad (Peck v. the United Kingdom, no. 44647/98, § 127,

ECHR 2003-I).

169. sasamarTlo iziarebs mTavrobis mosazrebas, rom ganmcxadebelma ver

daadastura

misi

pretenziebi

a.a-s

mier

gaweul

momsaxurebasTan

dakavSirebiT. amave dros sasamarTlo ar Tvlis, rom ganmcxadeblis

interesebis warmodgena 2 advokatis mier gadaWarbebuli iyo an is rom

maTTvis gadasaxdeli Sesabamisi Tanxebi aragonivruli iyo. bolos,

sasamarTlo adgens, rom mis mier dadgenili standartuli praqtikis

Tanaxmad mas SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetileba, rom xarjebsa da gaweul

danaxarjebTan

dakavSirebuli

Tanxebi

gadaxdil

iqnes

pirdapir

ganmcxadeblis warmomadgenlebis angariSebze (Toğcu v. Turkey, no. 27601/95, §

158, 2005 wlis 31 maisi; Nachova and Others v. Bulgaria [GC], nos. 43577/98 da 43579/98,

§ 175, ECHR 2005-VII, da Imakayeva v. Russia, no. 7615/02, ECHR 2006-XIII

(amonaridebi)).

170. zemoxsenebuli principebis, iseve rogorc xelTarsebuli dokumentebis

gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo aniWebs ganmcxadebels 5700 evros xarjebisa

da gaweuli danaxarjebisaTvis, rasac unda daematos nebismieri saxis

gadasaxadi, romliTac SeiZleba ganmcxadebeli daibegros. xsenebuli

Tanxidan 2700 evro unda gadaexados ganmcxadeblis advokat b-n liCs

gaerTianebul samefoSi arsebul mis angariSze, rogorc es miuTiTa

ganmcxadebelma, 2700 evro gadaxdil unda iqnes ganmcxadeblis advokat q-n

vedernikovas angariSze ruseTSi, rogorc es miuTiTa ganmcxadebelma da

300 evro unda gadaricxul iqnes ganmcxadeblis sabanko angariSze.

g. sauravi

170. sasamarTlo Sesaferisad Tvlis, rom sauravi ganisazRvros evropis

centraluri bankis mier dadgenili minimaluri nixriT, rasac unda

daematos Tanxis sami procenti.

xsenebuli mizezebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo erTxmad:

1. uaryofs mTavrobis pirvelad pretenzias ganmcxadeblis mier me-3

muxlis savaraudo darRvevasTan mimarTebiT samarTlebrivi dacvis

yvela erovnuli saSualebis ar amowurvasTan dakavSirebiT;

2. adgens, rom dairRva konvenciis me-3 muxlis proceduruli mxare;

3. adgens, rom ar darRveula konvenciis me-3 muxlis arsebiTi mxare;

4. adgens, rom dairRva konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 (g) punqti

konvenciis me-6 muxlis 1-el punqtTan kavSirSi;

42

43

LOPATA v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT

5. adgens, rom mopasuxe mTavrobam daarRvia konvenciis 34-e muxliT

dakisrebuli valdebuleba

6. adgens

a) rom mopasuxe saxelmwifom im momentidan 3 Tvis vadaSi, rodesac

winamdebare gadawyvetileba saboloo gaxdeba, konvenciis 44-e

muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebels, unda gadauxados

Semdegi Tanxebi;

(i)

15 000 evro (TxuTmeti aTasi evro) moraluri zianisaTvis, rac

konvertirebul unda iqnes rusul rublebSi gadaxdis

dRisaTvis arsebuli kursiT, da am Tanxas unda daematos

nebismieri gadasaxadi, romliTac SeiZleba, rom daibegros

ganmcxadebeli

(ii)

5700 evro (xuTi aTas Svidasi evro), plius nebismieri

gadasaxadi, romliTac SeiZleba ganmcxadebeli daibegros,

xarjebisa da gaweuli danaxarjebisaTvis, romlidanac 2700

evro (ori aTas Svidasi evro) unda iqnes gadaxdili

ganmcxadeblis advokat b-n liCisaTvis gaerTianebul samefoSi,

rogorc es miuTiTa ganmcxadebelma; 2700 evro (ori aTas

Svidasi evro) unda iqnes gadaxdili ganmcxadeblis advokat q-n

vedernikovas

angariSze

ruseTSi

rogorc

es

miuTiTa

ganmcxadebelma; da 300 evro (samasi evro) unda iqnes

gadaxdili ganmcxadeblis angariSze;

b) rom zemoxsenebuli 3 Tviani vadis gasvlis Semdgom gadaxdis dRemde

sauravi unda iqnes gadaxdili im moculobiT, rac utoldeba evropuli

bankis sesxisaTvis gankuTvnil minimalur procents, romelsac unda

daematos sam procentiani ganakveTi

7.

uaryofs

ganmcxadeblis

sxva

pretenziebs

samarTlian

dakmayofilebasTan dakavSirebiT

Sesrulebulia inglisur da frangul enebze, da gacxadebulia

werilobiTi saxiT 2010 wlis 13 ivliss sasamarTlos reglamentis

77-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 punqtebis Sesabamisad

santiago kuesada

registratori

josef kasadevali

Tavmjdomare

43