pr a g er i d a o ber S l i ki a vs t r i i s wi na a R md eg

Prager and Oberschilick v. Austria

(1995 wl i s 26 apr i l i , s er i a A. # . 313,

amo nakr ebi )

s a qmi s f a qt o br i vi mi mo xi l va

I. saqmis gar emoebebi

7. b-ni pr ager i da b-ni ober Sl iki ar ian Jur nal ist ebi venidan. ukanasknel i maTgani war moadgens

gazeT “f or umis“ gamomcemel s (Medieninhaber).

a. st at ia, r omel ic daibeWda “f or umSi”

8. 1987 wl is 15 mar t s “f or umis” 397/398 nomr ebSi daibeWda b-ni pr ager is st at ia saxel wodebiT

“f r Txil ad! sast iki mosamar Tl eebi!” (Achtung! Scharfe Richter!). st at ia, r omel ic 13 gver ds

moicavda, akr it ikebda avst r iis sisxl is samar Tl is sasamar Tl oebis mosamar Tl eebs. st at iaSi

moyvanil i f aqt ebis wyar od, gar da sasamar Tl o sxdomebis daswr ebis Sedegad miRebul i sakuTar i

gamocdil ebisa, b-nma pr ager ma daasaxel a iur ist ebisa da samar Tl is sf er oSi momuSave

Jur nal ist ebis gancxadebebi da univer sit et is mkvl evar Ta mier Cat ar ebul i gamokvl evebi.

sakuTar i mosazr ebebis r eziumes saxiT gadmocemis Semdeg, r omel sac win uZRoda Sesaval i, b-nma

pr ager ma det al ur ad aRwer a venis sisxl is samar Tl is r egional ur i sasamar Tl os (Landesgericht für

Strafsachen) cxr a mosamar Tl is, maT Sor is mosamar Tl e j .-s, pozicia.

1. r eziume

9. r eziume f or mul ir ebul i iyo Semdegnair ad:

“yovel

br al debul s dasawyisidanve isini epyr obian ise, r ogor c ukve msj avr debul s. iyo

SemTxvevebi, r odesac maT gasces ucxoeTidan Camosul pir Ta sasamar Tl oSi dapat imr ebis br Zaneba,

imis niadagze, r om TiTqosda ar sebobda maTi mimal vis saf r Txe. gul is wasvl is Semdeg ugonod

myof pir ebs mosamar Tl eebi usvamen SekiTxvebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu r amdenad eTanxmebian isini maT

mimar T gamot anil

ganaCens. r odesac gansasj el ebi acxadeben, r om udanaSaul oni ar ian,

mosamar Tl eebi mxr ebs iCeCaven da xSir ad gamoaqvT umZimesi ganaCenebi mxol od imit om, r om

gansasj el ma br al i ar aRiar a. zogier Ti avst r iel i mosamar Tl e mzad ar is yvel af er ze wavides; es

damkvidr ebul i pr aqt ikaa.”

2. Sesaval i

10. Sesaval Si b-ni pr ager i, upir vel es yovl isa, Tavs esxmis im mosamar Tl eebs, r oml ebic, misi

sit yvebiT, axor ciel ebdnen absol ut ur Zal auf l ebas “sakuTar i sasamar Tl os samf l obel o

t er it or iis f ar gl ebSi” da bor ot ad iyenebdnen br al debul Ta yvel aze sust mxar eebs. misi

mt kicebiT, mosamar Tl eTa emociebs SeeZl o sasamar Tl o sxdomis dar bazi “br Zol is vel ad”

1

gadaeqcia. msj avr debul s, r omel ic Tundac mcir ed xel yof da mosamar Tl eTa Tavmoyvar eobas, xSir ad

es ukanasknel ni e.w. “mt kicebul ebaTa Sef asebis SeuzRudavi uf l ebamosil ebis” Zal iT, usj idnen

damat ebiT er Ti wl iT Tavisuf l ebis aRkveTas, an ukar gavdnen pir obiTi sasj el is moxdis

SesaZl ebl obas.

Semdeg b-ni pr ager i akr it ikebs mosamar Tl eebs, r oml ebic mxol od ukidur es SemTxvevebSi

amar Tl ebdnen gansasj el ebs; r omel Tac uf r o mkacr i ganaCeni gamohqondaT, vidr e maT kol egebs;

r oml ebic advokat ebs ise epyr obodnen, r ogor c gaiZver ebs; r oml ebic ukidur esad Seur acxyof dnen

da amcir ebdnen br al debul ebs; r oml ebic eWvmit anil ebs winaswar i dakavebis vadas dadgenil ze

met ad ugr Zel ebdnen; da r oml ebic uTanxmoebis gamo ar amt kicebdnen Jiur is ver diqt s. b-ni

pr ager is mt kicebiT, mosamar Tl eTa damoukidebl oba mxol od maTi sakuTar i mniSvnel obis gr Znobisa

da Tavdaj er ebis ganmt kicebis saSual ebas war moadgenda da es maT saSual ebas aZl evda

gamoeyenebinaT kanoni ar amar Tebul ad, mTel i sisast ikiT, yovel gvar i sindisis qenj nisa da

winaaRmdegobis gar eSe.

Semdeg b-ni pr ager i ixsenebs mosamar Tl eebTan Sexvedr ebisa da sasamar Tl o sxdomebis daswr ebis

sakuTar

gamocdil ebas,

aseve aRniSnavs

mosamar Tl e j .-s

“qedmaRl ur

ampar t avnobas”

(menschenverachtende Schikanen).

3. mosamar Tl eTa aRwer a

11. st at ia agr eTve Seicavda sxvadasxva mosamar Tl eTa moqmedebebis aRwer a-Sef asebas. mosamar Tl e j .

Semdegnair ad iyo aRwer il i:

“t ipi: Smagi... [j .].

[j .-m] r amdenime wl is win venel advokat s [k.-s] Semdegi sit yvebiT mimar Ta: ‘mokl ed mogvaxseneT,

geTayva. me ukve miviRe gadawyvet il eba.’

[j .] – mosamar Tl e, r omel ic pir obiTad gasamar Tl ebul msj avr debul Ta zedamxedvel inspeqt or ebs

sakuTar samuSao oTaxSi daj domis uf l ebas ar aZl evs, f aqt obr ivad, igi uar s ambobs maTTan

saubar ze.

[j .] – mosamar Tl e, r omel mac er Txel uCivl a meZavs, r adganac es ukanasknel i, Tavis sut enior Tan

er Tad, Tanxis miRebis Semdeg gauCinar da ise, r om mosamar Tl isTvis momsaxur eba ar gauwevia. al baT

man CaTval a, r om misi kl ient i sakmaod mTvr al i iyo imisTvis, r om gansxvaveba SeemCnia.

[j .-s] saCivr is Sedegad meZavi damnaSaved cnes, xol o TviT j .-s winaaRmdeg discipl inar ul i devna

aRiZr a. j .-s uRir si saqciel i, r is mixedviTac bevr i r am SeiZl eba iTqvas mis ut vinobaze,

gazeTebSi gaxmaur da.

miuxedavad amisa, j . kinaRam pr okur or i gaxda. magr am pr esam gamoamzeur a er Ti sisxl is samar Tl is

saqmis ist or ia, r omel Sic j . monawil eobda da r omel ic ukavSir deboda iur idiul i r Cevis micemas

saTanado uf l ebamosil ebis gar eSe (Winkelschreiberei). or pi r s, b-n l .-sa da mis Svil s, br al i

edebodaT TaRl iTur i xel Sekr ul ebebis dadebis gziT f ul is miRebaSi im xal xisgan, r omel Tac

sur daT binebis yidva Zvel SenobebSi. r odesac gamoaSkar avda, r om xel Sekr ul ebebi dadebul i iyo

[j .-s] mier , br al debam t aqt ika Secval a: aqcent i TaRl iTur i xel Sekr ul ebebidan gadait ana maTi

gamoyenebis ganzr axvaze.

[j .] mosamar Tl ed dar Ca. “kur ier is” [yovel dRiur i avst r iul i gazeTi] gamomceml ebi amJamad nanoben

amis gamo, r adganac pr okur or i nakl ebad saSiSia, r ac “pr of il is” [avst r iul i Jur nal i]

seqt embr is nomer ma aCvena. isar gebl a r a gamomZiebel i mosamar Tl is uf l ebamosil ebiT, j .-m er T

wel iwadze met i vadiT dat ova nar komani winaswar gamoZiebaSi, miuxedavad imisa, r om am

2

ukanasknel is advokat ma ar aer Txel ganucxada mas, r om mosamar Tl es mcdar i inf or macia gaaCnda

amoRebul i nar kot ikebis r aodenobis Sesaxeb da r om amgvar SemTxvevaSi misaRebi ganaCeni iqneboda

Tavisuf l ebis aRkveTa 4-dan 6 Tvemde vadiT.

miuxedavad yovel ive amisa, imis magivr ad, r om Suamdgoml oba gaTavisuf l ebis Taobaze uzenaesi

sasamar Tl osTvis gadaeca, r ogor c amas saTanado wesebi moiTxovda, j .-m es Suamdgoml oba

saapel acio sasamar Tl os da am sasamar Tl os Tavmj domar es gadasca. amis Sedegad ki damat ebiT 3

Tve dasWir da imis gar kvevas, iyo Tu ar a es pir i damnaSave da dauSva Tu ar a r aime Secdoma

gamomZiebel ma mosamar Tl em.

asl gadamRebi apar at is gamoyeneba pat imar s Tundac am 3 Tves mainc aCuqebda. igi mar t is dasawyisSi

gaaTavisuf l a axal ma mosamar Tl em, r omel sac es saqme uzenaesi sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl eebma

gadasces. pat imar s, r omel mac 13 Tve gaat ar a sapyr obil eSi, sabol ood mar t is miwur ul s miusaj es

5 TviT Tavisuf l ebis aRkveTa.

or ma saxazino advokat ma, r oml ebic icavdnen j .-s msxver pl is int er esebs, gamoiangar iSa, r om

mxol od advokat is momsaxur ebis xar j ebi im dr oisTvis 85,000 Sil ings Seadgenda. Cans, r om amas

mosamar Tl e j . gul gr il i ar daut ovebia. [maRal da wver ebian mosamar Tl es aqvs Zl ier i boxi xma.

mar inis pr ocesis mimdinar eobisas indif er ent ul ganwyobas at yobdnen kol egebi]. SemdgomSi Jiur is

ver diqt i ar damt kicda da advokat g.-s winaaRmdeg discipl inar ul i devna aRiZr a.”

b. sar Cel i cil iswamebisTvis

12. 1987 wl is 23 apr il s mosamar Tl e j .-m b-n pr ager s cil iswamebisTvis uCivl a (üble Nachrede,

avst r iis sisxl is samar Tl is kodeqsis 111-e muxl i – ixil eT me-18 par agr af i, qvemoT). “f or umis”

zemoxsenebul i nomr is amoRebisa da sasamar Tl os ganaCenis gamoqveynebis gar da, j .-m damat ebiT

moiTxova zianis anazRaur eba gazeTis gamomceml isgan, massa da st at iis avt or ze er Tobl ivad da

cal keul ad j ar imis dakisr eba da maT mier sasamar Tl o xar j ebis daf ar va (kanoni masmediis Sesaxeb

- Mediengesetz, muxl ebi 33-36; ixil eT me-19 par agr af i qvemoT).

13. 1987 wl is 11 maiss mopasuxeebma acil eba misces venis sisxl is samar Tl is r egional ur

sasamar Tl os da venis saapel acio sasamar Tl os (Oberlandesgericht).

5

agvist os uzenaesma

sasamar Tl om (Oberster Gerichtshof) ar daakmayof il a saapel acio sasamar Tl os acil eba. 17

seqt ember s venis sisxl is samar Tl is r egional ur i sasamar Tl os acil eba dakmayof il da da saqme

gadaeca ainSt adt is r egional ur sasamar Tl os.

1. pir vel inst anciaSi

14. 1988 wl is 11 oqt omber s ainSt adt is r egional ur ma sasamar Tl om damnaSaved cno b-ni pr ager i

mosamar Tl e j .-s cil iswamebaSi zemoxsenebul i sadavo st at iis Semdegi nawyvet ebisaTvis:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

“yovel br al debul s isini dasawyisidanve ise epyr obian, r ogor c ukve msj avr debul s.”

“zogier Ti avst r iel i mosamar Tl e mzad ar is yvel af er ze wavides.”

“mosamar Tl e j .-s qedmaRl ur i ampar t avnoba…Seudar ebel ia.”

“t ipi: Smagi... [j .].”

“miuxedavad amisa, j . kinaRam pr okur or i gaxda. magr am pr esam gamoamzeur a er Ti sisxl is

samar Tl is saqmis ist or ia, r omel Sic j . monawil eobda da r omel ic ukavSir deboda

iur idiul i r Cevis micemas saTanado uf l ebamosil ebis gar eSe (Winkelschreiberei). or pir s,

3

b-n l .-sa da mis Svil s, br al i edebodaT TaRl iTur i xel Sekr ul ebebis dadebis gziT f ul is

miRebaSi im xal xisgan, r omel Tac sur daT binebis yidva Zvel SenobebSi. r odesac

gamoaSkar avda, r om xel Sekr ul ebebi dadebul i iyo [j .-s] mier , br al debam t aqt ika Secval a:

aqcent i TaRl iTur i xel Sekr ul ebebidan gadait ana maTi gamoyenebis ganzr axvaze.

[j .] mosamar Tl ed dar Ca. “kur ier is” [yovel dRiur i avst r iul i gazeTi] gamomceml ebi amJamad

nanoben amis gamo, r adganac pr okur or i nakl ebad saSiSia.”

sisxl is samar Tl is kodeqsis 111-e muxl is saf uZvel ze, r egional ur ma sasamar Tl om b-n pr ager s

miusaj a 120 dRis ganmavl obaSi dReSi 30 Sil ingis (ATS) gadaxda j ar imis saxiT, xol o j ar imis

gadauxdel obis SemTxvevaSi - 60 dRiT Tavisuf l ebis aRkveTa. b-n ober Sl iks miesaj a mosamar Tl e

j .-sTvis zianis anazRaur eba 30,000 Sil ingis odenobiT da mas b-n pr ager Tan er Tad, er Tobl ivad

da cal keul ad, daekisr a j ar imis gadaxda da sasamar Tl o xar j ebis daf ar va (kanoni masmediis

Sesaxeb, Tavebi 6(1) da 35).

sabol ood sasamar Tl om gasca “f or umis” zemoxsenebul i nomr is amoRebisa da sasamar Tl os

ganaCenis gamoqveynebis br Zaneba.

15. r egional ur ma sasamar Tl om Tavis mier gamot anil i ganaCenis dasabuTebaSi Tavidanve miuTiTa,

r om cil iswamebis obieqt ur i el ement ebis ar seboba aSkar a iyo. zemoxsenebul i me-(2) da me-(4)

nawyvet ebi pir dapir miawer en mosar Cel es saZul vel xasiaTs an damokidebul ebas (eine verächtliche

Eigenschaft oder Gesinnung), xol o (1) -el i, me-(3) da me-(5) nawyvet ebi mas br al s sdebdnen

ar akeTil sindisier da samar cxvino saqciel Si, r asac SeeZl o mis mimar T zizRi gamoewvia da misi

saxel i sazogadoebis Tval Si SeebRal a. mokl ed r om iTqvas, amgvar i gaaf Tr ebul i kr it ikis

zemoqmedebis Sedegad miuker Zoebel mkiTxvel s sxva ar af er i r Ceboda, gar da imisa, r om mar Tl ac

gasCenoda eWvi, r om mosar Cl e ar akeTil sindisier ad moiqca (ehrloses Verhalten) da r om mas

saZul vel i xasiaTi hqonda (verächtliche Charaktereigenschaften), avt or ma ki mSvenivr ad icoda

yovel ive amis Sesaxeb.

Semdeg r egional ur ma sasamar Tl om ganixil a b-ni pr ager is Suamdgoml oba im dokument ebisa da

Cvenebebis war modgenis Taobaze, r oml ebic daadast ur ebdnen aRniSnul

st at iaSi moyvanil i

gancxadebebis siswor es da r om st at iaze muSaobisas b-nma pr ager ma Jur nal ist ur i sif r Txil e

gamoiCina. sasamar Tl om miiCnia, r om amgvar i mt kicebul ebebis war modgena SesaZl ebel i iyo mxol od

(1)-l , me-(3), da me-(5) nawyvet ebTan mimar TebaSi, xol o sxva danar Ceni gancxadebebi Sef asebebs

war moadgendnen. am sakiTxis ganxil vis Semdeg sasamar Tl om daadgina, r om ver c er Ti war modgenil i

mt kicebul eba asabuTebda b-ni pr ager is gancxadebebs.

amgvar ad, pir vel i gancxadeba, r oml is Tanaxmadac mosamar Tl e j . yovel br al debul s dasawyisidanve

ise epyr oboda, r ogor c ukve msj avr debul s, ver dadast ur da mxol od im f aqt iT, r om mosamar Tl em

advokat s sTxova Seemokl ebina Tavisi sit yva, r adganac mosamar Tl es ukve miRebul i hqonda

gadawyvet il eba. aseve, mosamar Tl e j .-s mier gamot anil i sami gadawyvet il eba, r omel zec b-nma

pr ager ma miuTiTa Tavisi

mesame gancxadebis dasasabuTebl ad, aRmoCnda sakmar isi

imis

dasamt kicebl ad, r om mosamar Tl em gamoiyena “qedmaRl ur i ampar t avnobis” t aqt ika. mosamar Tl e j .-s

mier gamot anil ma ver c er Tma gadawyvet il ebam ver daadast ur a is mosazr eba, r om mas ganzr axul i

hqonda usaf uZvl o t anj vis miyeneba. r ac Seexeba me-(5) nawyvet Si moyvanil br al debebs, isini

gaabaTil a venis saapel acio sasamar Tl om 1982 wl is 6 dekember s gamot anil i discipl inar ul i

gadawyvet il ebiT. is or i dokument i, r oml is war modgenasac mopasuxe iTxovda, ar cvl ida saqmis

viTar ebas, vinaidan pir vel i maTgani ar Seicavda r aime inf or macias mosamar Tl e j .-s pir ovnebis

4

Sesaxeb, xol o meor e, r omel ic exeboda mosamar Tl is mier pr okur or is Tanamdebobaze sakuTar i

kandidat ur is wamoyenebas, konf idencial ur i iyo.

sasamar Tl os azr i T, b-nma pr ager ma aseve ver daamt kica, r om man es st at ia masmediis Sesaxeb

kanonis 29(1) -e muxl is dacviT dawer a, r omel ic Jur nal ist ur sif r Txil es exeba (ixil eT me-19

par agr af i qvemoT). gar da imisa, r om b-nma pr ager ma mosamar Tl e j .-s saSual eba ar misca pasuxi

gaeca mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul br al debebze, misi gamokvl evebi mosamar Tl is saqmianobis Sesaxeb

zedapir ul i iyo. met ic, b-nma pr ager ma TviTonve aRiar a, r om igi ar daswr ebia mosamar Tl e j .-s

Tavmj domar eobiT Cat ar ebul ar c er T sasamar Tl o sxdomas, r om man inf or macia Zvel i gazeTebidan

isesxa ise, r om ar Seumowmebia maTSi moyvanil i f aqt ebis siswor e da r om yur mokvr iT gagonil i

ambebi WeSmar it ebad war moadgina.

2. apel acia

16. 1989 wl is 26 ivniss venis saapel acio sasamar Tl om Zal aSi dat ova zemoxsenebul i ganaCeni,

magr am asanazRaur ebel i Tanxis odenoba 20,000 Sil ingamde Seamcir a (ixil eT me-14 par agr af i

qvemoT). ker Zod, saapel acio sasamar Tl om aRniSna, r om r egional ur sasamar Tl os ar daur Rvevia

mopasuxeTa uf l eba maSin, r odesac man usaf uZvl od cno b-ni pr ager is mier war modgenil i

mt kicebul ebebi. sasamar Tl os gadawyvet il eba ganapir oba b-ni pr ager is kr it ikis f or mam. igi

imdenad mr avl ismomcvel i da zogadi iyo, r om SeuZl ebel i gaxda im mt kicebul ebis dadgena,

r omel ic daasabuTebda amgvar i kr it ikis siswor es. mocemul i saqme gansxvavdeba saqmisgan “l ingensi

avst r iis winaaRmdeg” (evr opis adamianis uf l ebebis sasamar Tl os 1986 wl is

8

ivl isis

gadawyvet il eba, ser ia A, # 103) imiT, r om igi exeba sxvadasxva f aqt ebis ar sebobis gancxadebas da

ar a sakuTar i Sef asebis gamoxat vas. r ac Seexeba im sif r Txil es, r omel ic Jur nal ist ebma unda

gamoiCinon TavianT saqmianobaSi, igi unda Seesabamebodes pr incips - “audiatur et altera pars” (mosmenil

i qnes meor e mxar ec (l aT.).

17. “f or umis” aRniSnul i nomr is dar Cenil i asl ebi, f aqt obr ivad, ar iqna amoRebul i (ixil eT me-14

par agr af i zemoT).

II.

Sesabamisi Sidasaxel mwif oebr ivi samar Tal i

1. sisxl is samar Tl is kodeqsi

18. sisxl is samar Tl is kodeqsis 111-e muxl i f or mul ir ebul ia Semdegnair ad:

1. pir s, r omel ic mesame pir isTvis gasagebi gziT ganacxadebs, r om meor e pir s saZul vel i xasiaTi

an damokidebul eba gaaCnia, an r om misi saqciel i uRir si, amor al ur i an sxvagvar ad miuRebel ia,

r ac iwvevs zizRs meor e pir is mimar T an amcir ebs mis Rir sebas sazogadoebis Tval Si,

daekisr eba sasj el i Tavisuf l ebis aRkveTiT ar a umet es 6 Tvis vadiT an j ar ima.

2. pir s, r omel ic amgvar gancxadebas gaavr cel ebs nabeWdi saxiT, mauwyebl obiT an imgvar ad, r om

aRniSnul i ganc xadeba xel misawvdomi gaxdes sazogadoebis f ar To f enebisTvis, daekisr eba

sasj el i Tavisuf l ebis aRkveTis saxiT ar a umet es 1 wl is vadiT an j ar ima.

5

3. pir i, r omel ic amgvar gancxadebas gaakeTebs, Tavisuf l deba pasuxismgebl obisgan, Tuki

dadast ur deba gancxadebaSi moyvanil i f aqt ebis siswor e. r ac Seexeba pir vel punqt Si aRniSnul

samar Tal dar Rvevas, misi Camdeni pir i aseve Tavisuf l deba pasuxismgebl obisgan, Tuki, Seqmnil i

viTar ebis gamo, mas sakmar isi saf uZvel i gaaCnda ef iqr a, r om gancxadebaSi moyvanil i f aqt ebi

swor i iyo.

112-e muxl i f or mul ir ebul ia Semdegnair ad:

“gancxadebis siswor isa da pir is keTil sindisier i qmedobis damadast ur ebel i mt kicebul eba

usaf uZvl oa manam, sanam gancxadebis avt or i sasamar Tl oSi ar daamt kicebs, r om gancxadebaSi

moyvanil i f aqt ebi swor ia da r om igi keTil sindisier ad moqmedebda.”

114-e muxl is 1-el i punqt is Tanaxmad, “111-e muxl Si miTiTebul i qmedeba gamar Tl ebul ia, Tuki mis

mizans war moadgenda kanoniT dakisr ebul i moval eobis Sesr ul eba an kanonier i uf l ebiT

sar gebl oba”. imave muxl is me-2 punqt is Tanaxmad, “pir i, r omel sac sagangebo mizniT aiZul eben 111-

e

muxl Si

miTiTebul i

qmedebis

…

sagangebo

f or miT

Sesr ul ebas,

Tavisuf l deba

pasuxismgebl obisgan, gar da im SemTxvevisa, r odesac gakeTebul i gancxadeba simar Tl es ar

Seef er eboda, r isi gaTval iswinebac mas SeeZl o, Tuki saTanado sif r Txil es gamoiCenda”.

2. kanoni “masmediis Sesaxeb”

19. “masmediis Sesaxeb” kanonis me-6 Tavi iTval iswinebs mkacr pasuxismgebl obas gamomceml isTvis,

r omel ic cil iswamebas mimar Tavs. pir s, r oml is mimar Tac Cadenil ia amgvar i samar Tal dar Rveva,

SeuZl ia moiTxovos miyenebul i zianis anazRaur eba. met ic, “masmediis Sesaxeb” kanonis

dar RvevisTvis gamomcemel s SesaZl oa daekisr os er Tobl ivi da cal keul i pasuxismgebl oba

msj avr debul Tan er Tad j ar imisa da sasamar Tl o xar j ebis anazRaur ebis saxiT (muxl i 35).

pir s, r oml is winaaRmdegac mimar Tul ia cil iswameba, SeuZl ia moiTxovos gamocemis im nomr is

konf iskacia, r omel Sic gamoqveynda cil ismwamebl ur i cnobebi (muxl i 33). 36-e muxl is Tanaxmad,

mas agr eTve SeuZl ia moiTxovos amgvar i gamocemis dauyovnebl ivi dapat imr eba, Tuki 33-e muxl i

gar kveul i dr ois Semdeg gamoiyeneba, gar da im SemTxvevebisa, r odesac amgvar i dapat imr eba

Seusabamoa mocemul i kanonier i int er esis dacvasTan. nomr is dapat imr eba ar gamoiyeneba, Tuki

aRniSnul i int er esis dacva SeiZl eba ganxor ciel des sisxl is samar Tl is saqmis aRZvr is Sesaxeb

sagangebo inf or maciis gamoqveynebis gziT (muxl i 37). gar da amisa, dazar al ebul s SeuZl ia

moiTxovos sasamar Tl os ganaCenis gamoqveyneba, Tuki es gamar Tl ebul ia sazogadoebis inf or mir ebis

Tval sazr isiT (muxl i 34).

29(1) muxl i miuTiTebs, r om gamomceml ebs da Jur nal ist ebs ar ekisr ebaT pasuxismgebl oba im

inf or maciis gamoqveynebisTvis, r oml is siswor is dadast ur eba SesaZl ebel ia, ar a mar t o im

SemTxvevebSi, r odesac isini war moadgenen amgvar mt kicebul ebebs, ar amed im SemTxvevebSic, r odesac

sazogadoeba Zl ier daint er esebul ia amgvar i inf or maciis gamoqveynebaSi da r odesac ar sebobs

mizezebi, r oml ebic asabuTeben gamomcemel Ta da Jur nal ist Ta r wmenas gakeTebul i gancxadebis

siswor eSi. amasTanave igul isxmeba, r om amgvar i gancxadeba gakeTebul ia “Jur nal ist ur i

sif r Txil is” nor mebis dacviT.

komisiis gadawyvet il eba

6

20. 1989 wl is 21 dekember s b-nebma pr ager ma da ober Sl ikma mimar Tes komisias Suamdgoml obiT

(# 15974/90), r omel Sic naTqvami iyo, r om maT mimar T gamot anil i ganaCeni xel yof da azr is

gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebas, r ac gar ant ir ebul ia konvenciis me-10 muxl iT da r om “f or umis”

aRniSnul i nomr is dar Cenil i asl ebis konf iskaciis br Zaneba war moadgenda me-10 da me-14 muxl ebiT

er Tobl ivad akr Zal ul diskr iminacias. Suamdgoml obaSi agr eTve miTiTebul i iyo, r om adgil i

hqonda konvenciis me-6 da me-13 muxl ebis dar Rvevas.

21. 1992 wl is 29 mar t s komisiam ganacxada, r om Suamdgoml oba dakmayof il ebul iqna mxol od im

nawil Si, r omel ic exeboda me-10 da me-14 muxl ebs. 1994 wl is 28 Teber val s gakeTebul i

moxsenebis (31-e muxl i) Tanaxmad, komisiam miiRo gadawyvet il eba 15 xmiT 12-is winaaRmdeg, r om me-

10 muxl is dar Rvevas adgil i ar hqonia, da er Tsul ovani gadawyvet il eba, r om me-10 da me-14

muxl ebi aseve er Tobl ivad ar dar Rveul a.

samar Tl ebr ivi mxar e

I.

gancxadeba konvenciis me-10 muxl is dar Rvevis Taobaze

24. Suamdgoml obis Tanaxmad, adgil i hqonda konvenciis me-10 muxl iT gar ant ir ebul i azr is

gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebis xel yof as.

a. winaaRmdegoba xel isuf l ebis mxr idan

25. uSedegod cdil obda r a daemt kicebina komisiisTvis, xel isuf l ebam ganacxada, r om b-nma

ober Sl ikma ver daasabuTa, r om igi war moadgenda dazar al ebul s konvenciis 25-e muxl i s 1-el i

punqt is saf uZvel ze. imdenad, r amdenadac man ubr al od dabeWda st at ia, r omel ic mas ar dauwer ia,

azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l eba aq ar af er SuaSi iyo. gar da amisa, mas ar ganucdia r aime saxis

f inansur i zar al i mis winaaRmdeg wamowyebul i samar Tal war moebis Sedegad: mas, r ogor c er Tobl iv

moval es, ar mouwia r aime Tanxis gadaxda j ar imis an sasamar Tl o xar j ebis saxiT da SeeZl o b-ni

pr ager isgan moeTxova br al debul ad cnobasTan dakavSir ebul i sxva xar j ebis anazRaur eba (ixil eT

par agr af ebi me-14 da me-15 zemoT).

26. 25-e muxl is Tanaxmad, "dazar al ebul i" niSnavs pir s, r omel sac uSual od Seexo qmedoba an

gadacdoma, r omel ic dar Rvevad iTvl eba, Tundac amas ar gamoewvia r aime zar al i. zar al is

ar sebobis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba 50-e muxl i (ixil eT gadawyvet il eba saqmeze "r adio "gr oper a" da

sxvebi Sveicar iis winaaRmdeg", 1990 wl is 28 mar t i, ser ia A, # 173, me-20 gver di, par agr af i 47).

27. komisiisa da Suamdgoml obis avt or Ta msgavsad, sasamar Tl o aRniSnavs, r om mosamar Tl e j .-s

sar Cel is saf uZvel ze aRZr ul i sisxl is samar Tl is saqme mimar Tul i iyo r ogor c b-ni pr ager is,

aseve b-ni ober Sl ikis winaaRmdeg. es ukanasknel i individual ur ad iqna cnobil i damnaSaved

sakuTar gamocemaSi aRniSnul i st at iis dabeWdvisaTvis (ixil eT par agr af i 14 zemoT). mas

uSual od Seexo ainSt adt is r egional ur i sasamar Tl osa da venis saapel acio sasamar Tl os

gadawyvet il ebebi. Sesabamisad, b-n ober Sl iks gaaCnia saf uZvel i amt kicos, r om igi dazar al ebul s

war moadgens. Sedegad, pr ot est i mTavr obis mxr idan usaf uZvl o iyo.

7

b. Suamdgoml obis det al ebi

28. udavoa, r om b-ni pr ager is damnaSaved cnoba cil iswamebisTvis da mis mimar T miRebul i sxva

zomebi , r omel Ta gamoc man da b-nma ober Sl ikma war adgines Suamdgoml oba, war moadgenda azr is

gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebis “xel yof as”. amgvar i xel yof a ewinaaRmdegeba me-10 muxl s, gar da im

SemTxvevebisa, r odesac igi “gaTval iswinebul ia kanoniT”, emsaxur eba me-10 muxl is me-2 punqt iT

gaTval iswinebul kanonier miznebs, an “aucil ebel ia amgvar i miznebis misaRwevad demokr at iul

sazogadoebaSi”.

1. “kanoniT gaTval iswinebul i”

29 . Suamdgoml obis avt or Ta gancxadebiT, avst r iis sisxl is samar Tl is kodeqsis 111-e muxl i da

“masmediis Sesaxeb” kanonis 29-e par agr af i ar SeiZl eba ganvixil oT r ogor c “kanoni” im

mniSvnel obiT, r ogor c es miTiTebul ia konvenciaSi. imdenad, r amdenadac aRniSnul i debul ebebi

saSual ebas aZl evs mosar Cel es TviTon gansazRvr os, t eqst is r omel i nawyvet ebi gaxdeba

samar Tal war moebis sagani da saSual ebas ar Tmeven mopasuxes war moadginos mat er ial ur i f aqt ebis

damadast ur ebel i mt kicebul ebebi, maTi Suamdgoml obis Sedegis winaswar ganWvr et a Znel i iyo.

30. r amdenime adr e ganxil ul saqmeSi sasamar Tl om miiCnia, r om sisxl is samar Tl is kodeqsis 111-e

muxl s gaaCnda “kanonis” Tvisebebi (ixil eT gadawyvet il ebebi Semdeg saqmeebze: “l ingensi”,

moxseniebul i zemoT, 24-e gver di, par agr af i 36; “ober Sl iki avst r iis winaaRmdeg”, 1991 wl is 23

maisi, ser ia A, # 204, 24-e gver di, par agr af i 54-e; “Svabe avst r iis winaaRmdeg”, 1992 wl is 28

agvist o, ser ia A, # 242-b, 31-32 gver debi, par agr af i 25-e). met ic, ar ar sebobda r aime xel CasaWidi

saf uZvel i “masmediis Sesaxeb” kanonis 29-e muxl Tan mimar TebaSi sxva gadawyvet il ebis

miRebisaTvis. am or

debul ebasTan dakavSir ebul i

gaur kvevl obis gamo, Suamdgoml obis

avt or ebisTvis moul odnel i ar yof il a miRebul i Sedegi (ixil eT saqme “Vereinigung demokratischer

Soldaten Österreichs da gubi avst r iis winaaRmdeg”, 1994 wl is 19 dekembr is ganaCeni, ser ia A,

# 302, me-18-19 gver debi, par agr af i 46).

2. iyo Tu ar a dasaxul i mizani kanonier i

31. komisiis msgavsad, sasamar Tl o eTanxmeba im azr s, r om miRebul i gadawyvet il ebebi, r ogor c es

xel isuf l ebam ganacxada, emsaxur eboda sxva pir Ta, am SemTxvevaSi ki mosamar Tl e j .-s, r eput aciis

dacvasa da sasamar Tl o xel isuf l ebis avt or it et is Senar Cunebas, r ac, me-10 muxl is me-2 punqt is

Tanaxmad, savsebiT kanonier miznebs war moadgens.

3. SezRudvis aucil ebl oba

32. Suamdgoml obis avt or Ta gancxadebiT, maT mimar T gamot anil i gamamt yunebel i gadawyvet il ebebi

usamar Tl o iyo. mokl ed aRwer a r a venis sisxl is samar Tl is r egional ur i sasamar Tl os sxvadasxva

wevr Ta Tvisebebi da xasiaTis Tavisebur ebebi, b-ni pr ager i Seexo im konkr et ul ser iozul

pr obl emebs, r oml ebic ar sebobda avst r iis sisxl is samar Tl is sist emaSi. kar ikat ur ebsa da

8

inf or maciis gabuqvas msgavs gazeTebSi xSir ad mimar Tavdnen r ogor c mkiTxvel Ta yur adRebis

mipyr obisa da ama Tu im sakiTxze sazogadoebr ivi Segnebis amaRl ebisaTvis. mocemul SemTxvevaSi

avt or s bor ot ad ar gamouyenebia msgavsi meTodebi, miT umet es, r om st at ia daibeWda gamocemaSi,

r omel ic gankuTvnil i iyo gansj is unar is mqone int el eqt ual ur i pir ovnebebisTvis. met ic,

st at iaSi aRwer il i cxr a mosamar Tl idan mxol od j .-m aRZr a sar Cel i.

amasTan, b-nma pr ager ma da b-nma ober Sl ikma gaakr it ikes maT winaaRmdeg war mar Tul i sasamar Tl o

pr ocesi. maT ar miecaT sakuTar i int er esebis dacvis saSual eba. mosamar Tl e j .-m TviTon air Cia

st at iis is nawyvet ebi, r oml ebic saf uZvl ad daedo mopasuxeTa mimar T gamot anil gamamt yunebel

ganaCens. amgvar ad, man kont eqst s Camoacil a konkr et ul i zogadi winadadebebi da f r azebi,

gansakuTr ebiT 1-el i da me-2 nawyvet ebi (ixil eT me-14 par agr af i zemoT) da ar aswor ad war moadgina

isini mis winaaRmdeg mimar Tul gancxadebebad. r egional ur ma sasamar Tl om ar a mar t o ar aswor ad

ganasxvava gancxadebebi (1-el i, me-3 da me-5 nawyvet ebi) Sef asebebisgan (me-2 da me-4 nawyvet ebi),

ar amed man agr eTve ar amar Tl zomier ad waar Tva mopasuxeebs uf l eba mieTiTebinaT im gar emoebebze,

r oml ebic daadast ur ebda gancxadebebis siswor es, xol o Sef asebebi mxol od koment ar ebis saxiT

iyo war modgenil i (ixil eT par agr af i 15 zemoT). maSin, r odesac sasamar Tl om neba dar To

mopasuxeebs war moedginaT konkr et ul

f aqt ebTan dakavSir ebul i mt kicebul ebebi, igi kanonis

sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebda, r adganac man kr it ikis obieqt is winaaRmdeg mimar Tul i f aqt ebis

damt kicebis t vir Ti mopasuxeebs daakisr a. amgvar midgomas SeeZl o sabol ood gaef ant a

Jur nal ist ebis int er esi mar Tl msaj ul ebis sist emis mimar T.

dabol os, ar amar Tl zomier i iyo imis mt kiceba, r om st at iaze muSaobisas b-nma pr ager ma ar

gamoiCina saTanado Jur nal ist ur i sif r Txil e. pir iqiT, misi naSr omi eyr dnoboda 6-Tvian

gamokvl evas, r oml is ganmavl obaSic mas kavSir i hqonda advokat ebTan, mosamar Tl eebsa da

pedagogebTan. gar da amisa, igi 3 Tvis ganmavl obaSi yovel dRiur ad eswr eboda sasamar Tl o sxdomebs

venis sasamar Tl oSi.

33. xel isuf l ebis mt kicebiT, st at iis mocemul i nawyvet ebi ar aTu xel s uwyobda avst r iis

mar Tl msaj ul ebis sist emis saj ar o ganxil vas, ar amed pir adad Seur acxyof da mosamar Tl e j .-s,

miuxedavad imisa, r om am ukanasknel s ar af er i gaukeTebia b-ni pr ager is pr ovocir ebisTvis. amgvar ad,

aRniSnul gancxadebebze ar vr cel deboda is gar ant iebi, r oml ebic gaTval iswinebul ia pol it ikur i

Sexedul ebebis gamoxat visTvis. avt or ma ver daamt kica sakuTar i gancxadebebis siswor e im ubr al o

mizezis gamo, r om isini saf uZvel s mokl ebul i iyo. b-ni pr ager is mier gamoxat ul i Sexedul ebebi

ver isar gebl ebda sr ul i imunit et iT mxol od imit om, r om maTi siswor e damt kicebas ar

eqvemdebar eboda. b-n pr ager is winaaRmdeg gamoyenebul iqna kanoniT gaTval iswinebul i sanqciebi,

r adganac misma gancxadebebma gadaaWar ba misaRebi kr it ikis zRvar s. b-nma pr ager ma ver daamt kica,

r om igi keTil sindisier ad moqmedebda, vinaidan man ugul ebel yo Jur nal ist ikis yvel aze

el ement ar ul i nor mebi, gansakuTr ebiT ki is, r om Jur nal ist i val debul ia pir adad gadaamowmos

mopovebul i inf or maciis siswor e da koment ar is gakeTebis saSual eba misces im pir ebs, r omel Tac

es inf or macia exebaT.

34. sasamar Tl o adast ur ebs, r om samar Tl ebr iv saxel mwif oSi pr esas udidesi r ol i akisr ia. Tumca

man ar unda gadal axos gar kveul i f ar gl ebi, r oml ebic dawesebul ia sxvaTa r eput aciis dasacavad.

misi f unqciaa gaavr cel os inf or macia da Sexedul ebebi pol it ikur da sxva sakiTxebze, r oml ebic

sazogadoebis int er esiT sar gebl oben, im saSual ebebiT, r oml ebic Seesabameba masze dakisr ebul

moval eobebs (ixil eT saqme “kast el si espaneTis winaaRmdeg”, 1992 wl is 23 apr il i, ser ia A,

# 236, 23-e gver di, par agr af i 43-e).

9

es ueWvel ad exeba mar Tl msaj ul ebis sist emis f unqcionir ebis sakiTxsac, r omel ic aucil ebel ia

nebismier i demokr at iul i sazogadoebisTvis. pr esa er T-er Ti saSual ebaa pol it ikosebisa da

sazogadoebisaTvis imaSi dasar wmunebl ad, r om mosamar Tl eebi asr ul eben maTze dakisr ebul

sapasuxismgebl o moval eobas samsaxur ebr ivi amocanis miznebis Sesabamisad.

am mxr iv, agr eTve, aRsaniSnavia sasamar Tl o xel isuf l ebis gansakuTr ebul i r ol i sazogadoebaSi.

r ogor c mar Tl msaj ul ebis gar ant i, r ac samar Tl ebr ivi saxel mwif os Zir iTad f aseul obas

war moadgens, sasamar Tl o xel isuf l eba unda sar gebl obdes sazogadoebis ndobiT, r aTa ef eqt ur ad

Seasr ul os masze dakisr ebul i moval eobebi. amgvar ad, mas SeuZl ia saWir od CaTval os amgvar i

ndobis dacva usaf uZvl o da dest r uqciul i Tavdasxmebisgan, gansakuTr ebiT im f aqt is

gaTval iswinebiT, r om mosamar Tl eebs, r oml ebic kr it ikis obieqt ad iqcevian, maTi samsaxur ebr ivi

mdgomar eoba ukr Zal avs amgvar kr it ikaze pasuxis gacemas.

35. am f aqt or ebis Sef aseba qveynis xel isuf al Ta er T-er T upir vel es f unqcias war moadgens. isini

gar kveul wil ad gansazRvr aven, Tu r amdenad ar sebobs azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebis SezRudvis

aucil ebl oba. Tumca amgvar i gansazRvr a eqvemdebar eba kont r ol s evr opul i st r uqt ur ebis mxr idan,

misi avt or i Tundac damoukidebel i sasamar Tl o iyos (ixil eT saqme “bar f or di daniis winaaRmdeg”,

1989 wl is 22 Teber vl is ganaCeni, ser ia A, # 149, me-12 gver di, par agr af i 28).

36. sasamar Tl os azr iT, mocemul i nawyvet ebis Sef asebebad da f aqt ebis ar sebobis Sesaxeb

gancxadebebad kl asif ikacia xel isuf l ebis zemoaRniSnul i f unqciis f ar gl ebSi xvdeba. b-ni

pr ager is mier gakeTebul i gancxadebebi zogier T Zal ze ser iozul br al debas Seicavda. amgvar ad,

maT avt or s ar unda gahkvir veboda, r om misgan axsna-ganmar t ebebs moiTxovdnen. sakuTar i

mt kicebebiT, r om venel i mosamar Tl eebi “yovel br al debul s dasawyisidanve ise epyr obian, r ogor c

ukve msj avr debul s”, an r om mosamar Tl e j . “qedmaRl ur ampar t avnobas” iCenda sakuTar i

moval eobebis Sesr ul ebisas,

-

b-nma pr ager ma ir ibad daadanaSaul a mosamar Tl eebi kanonis

dar RvevaSi, an, sul mcir e, TavianTi pr of esiul i moval eobebis ugul ebel yof aSi. amgvar ad, man ar a

mar t o Sel axa maTi r eput acia, ar amed, agr eTve, saf r Txe Seuqmna sazogadoebis ndobas sasamar Tl o

xel isuf l ebis mimar T.

37. imis mizezi, r om b-nma pr ager ma ver daamt kica, r om misi gancxadebebi WeSmar it ebas

Seef er eboda, an r om misi Sef asebebi mxol od da mxol od koment ar ebs war moadgenda, unda veZioT

ar a imdenad sasamar Tl os mier kanonis gamoyenebis Tavisebur ebaSi, ar amed b-ni pr ager is

gancxadebebis Zal ze zogad xasiaTSi. swor ed am aspeqt ma iTamaSa r ol i mis mimar T amgvar i

ganaCenis gamot anaSi. r ogor c komisiam miuTiTa, mt kicebul ebebi adast ur ebs, r om gamot anil i

ganaCeni mimar Tul i iyo ar a mar Tl msaj ul ebis sist emis mimar T msj avr debul is azr is gamoxat vis

Tavisuf l ebis winaaRmdeg, an Tundac dasaxel ebul mosamar Tl eTa kr it ikis winaaRmdeg, ar amed igi

ganpir obebul i iyo kr it ikis Zal ze zogadi f or miT. amgvar i kr it ika, sakmar isi f aqt obr ivi

saf uZvl is ar ar sebobis gamo, gadaWar bebul ad da sazianod iqna miCneul i. ainSt adt is r egional ur ma

sasamar Tl om mis mier gamot anil ganaCenSi aRniSna, r om "amgvar i mwvave kr it ikis zemoqmedebis

Sedegad, miuker Zoebel mkiTxvel s sxva ar af er i r Ceboda, gar da imisa, r om mar Tl ac gasCenoda eWvi,

r om mosar Cl e ar akeTil sindisier ad moiqca da r om mas saZul vel i xasiaTi hqonda" (ixil eT

par agr af i 15 zemoT). amasTan dakavSir ebiT, sakmar isia aRiniSnos, r om b-ni pr ager i, r ogor c es

TviTon aRiar a, ar daswr ebia ar c er T sasamar Tl o sxdomas mosamar Tl e j .-s Tavmj domar eobiT.

met ic, man saSual eba ar misca mosamar Tl es pasuxi gaeca mis winaaRmdeg gamoTqmul br al debebze.

10

38. eWvgar eSea, r om me-10 muxl is me-2 punqt is Tanaxmad, azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l eba

gul isxmobs ar a mar t o im "inf or macias" an "ideebs", r omel Tac obieqt i moiwonebs, Seur acxyof ad

ar CaTvl is an sul ac yur adRebas ar miaqcevs, ar amed, agr eTve, im "inf or macias" an "ideebs",

r oml ebic Seur acxmyof el ia an SemaZr wunebel ia, an iwveven saxel mwif os an misi mosaxl eobis

r omel ime nawil is SeSf oTebas (ixil eT gadawyvet il eba zemoxsenebul "kast el sis" saqmeze, 22-e

gver di, par agr af i 42, da gadawyvet il eba zemoxsenebul saqmeze "Vereinigung demokratischer Soldaten

Österreichs da gubi avst r iis winaaRmdeg", me-17 gver di, par agr af i 36). gar da amisa, sasamar Tl o

iTval iswinebs, r om Jur nal ist ur i saqmianobis Tavisuf l eba gul isxmobs gar kveul gadaWar bebas an

Tundac pr ovokacias.

miuxedavad amisa, zemoxsenebul i gar emoebebisa da xel isuf l ebisTvis miniWebul i Sef asebis

f unqciis gaTval iswinebiT, ver vit yviT, r om es sadavo SezRudva kanonier miznebs ewinaaRmdegeba.

amgvar ad, SeiZl eba iTqvas, r om igi "saWir o iyo demokr at iul i sazogadoebisTvis".

39. sabol oo j amSi, me-10 muxl is dar Rveva ar dadast ur da.

am mizezebis gaTval iswinebiT, sasamar Tl om:

1. er Tsul ovnad uar yo xel isuf l ebis pr ot est i;

2. xuTi xmiT oTxis winaaRmdeg gadawyvit a, r om konvenciis me-10 muxl is dar Rvevas adgil i ar

hqonia;

3. er Tsul ovnad gadawyvit a, r om ar ar sebobs Suamdgoml obis ganxil vis saWir oeba im nawil Si,

r omel ic eyr dnoba konvenciis me-10 da me-14 muxl ebs er Tobl iobaSi.

mosamar Tl e mar t ensis gansxvavebul i azr i, r omel sac daeTanxmnen mosamar Tl eebi pekaneni da

makar Ciki:

1. sasamar Tl os wevr Ta umr avl esobas mxol od er T sakiTxSi ar veTanxmebi. “bar t ol dis” saqmeze

gadawyvet il eba gamot anidan dawyebul i sasamar Tl os miaCnda, r om me-10 muxl is 1-el i punqt iT

gar ant ir ebul i

uf l ebebisa da Tavisuf l ebebis udidesi

mniSvnel obidan gamomdinar e,

zedamxedvel oba sasamar Tl os mxr idan mkacr i unda iyos, r ac niSnavs imas, r om aRniSnul i

uf l ebebisa da Tavisuf l ebebis SezRudvis aucil ebl oba damaj er ebl ad unda iyos dasabuTebul i.

Tumca sasamar Tl os wevr Ta umr avl esobis mier gamoyenebul i sit yvier i f or mul ir eba SesaZl oa

eWvs iwvevdes, unda vigul isxmoT, r om maT ar sur daT aRniSnul i doqt r inidan gadaxveva da,

Sesabamisad, miaCndaT, r om mopasuxis azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebis es sadavo SezRudva

damaj er ebl ad iyo dasabuTebul i, r ogor c “aucil ebel i demokr at iul

sazogadoebaSi”.

zemoxsenebul mizezTa gamo, me sabol ood mivedi im daskvnamde, r om ver gaviziar eb am azr s.

1

2. “sabol ood”, Tumca unda aRvniSno, r om b-ni pr ager is st at iis Tavdapir vel ad wakiTxvam

uar yof iTi STabeWdil eba damit ova. vif iqr e, r om saqme exeboda Tavdaj er ebul da Tavis

simar Tl eSi dar wmunebul Jur nal ist s, r omel sac aSkar ad ar hqonda iur idiul i ganaTl eba an

r aime gamocdil eba mocemul sf er oSi da r omel ic mkveTr ad miker Zoebul ad iyo ganwyobil i

1

samwuxar oa, r om st at i a sr ul ad ar ar i s naTar gmni ; i s, vi nc sasamar Tl os ganaCens wai ki Txavs, kmayof i l i

unda dar Ces sasamar Tl os mi er momzadebul i mokl e mi moxi l vi T (ganaCeni s me-8-11 muxl ebi ), r omel i c,

mar Tal i a, Secdomebs ar Sei cavs, magr am, gar kveul wi l ad, Sel amazebul i a sasamar Tl os mi er st at i i s saer To

Sef asebi T da ver i Zl eva naTel war modgenas mocemul 13-gver di an st at i aze.

11

samar Tl is winaaRmdeg. miuxedavad amisa, igi Rr mad iyo dar wmunebul i, r om mas hqonda

aRniSnul Temaze Rvar Zl iani st at iis dawer isa da cxr a mosamar Tl is samar cxvino boZze

gakvr is uf l eba. es iyo Jur nal ist i, r omel ic upir at esobas aniWebda uf r o st il ist ur da

Rvar Zl ian meTodebsa da ef eqt ebs, vidr e sicxadesa da zomier ebas.

amgvar i pir vel i STabeWdil eba, r omel ic mkveTr ad uar yof iTia, saxif aToa mosamar Tl isaTvis.

igi sif r Txil iT unda ekidebodes amgvar i STabeWdil ebis zegavl enas, r ac, r ogor c wesi,

miker Zoebas war moSobs. sakiTxavia, ase moiqcnen Tu ar a avst r iel i mosamar Tl eebi.

3. st at iis meor ed wakiTxvam maiZul a Semecval a Cemi pir vel i STabeWdil eba. davr wmundi, r om mas

Semdeg, r ac masSi aRiZr a int er esi mocemul i Temis mimar T, b-nma pr ager ma sociol ogebis mier

aRwer il i f enomenis mizezebis adgil ze dasadgenad ar a mar t o didi dr o da ener gia daxar j a,

ar amed igi agr eTve gul wr f el ad SeZr wunda sakuTar i aRmoCeniT. sociol ogebma aRniSnes, Tu

r ogor i mkveTr i sxvaoba ar sebobs venis saapel acio sasamar Tl osa da avst r iis sxva

sasamar Tl oebis mier samar Tl is aRsr ul ebis meTodebSi. venis saapel acio sasamar Tl o uf r o

advil ad da swr af ad gascemda pir is winaswar pat imr obaSi ayvanis br Zanebas da uf r o

xangr Zl ivi per iodiT, vidr e sxva sasamar Tl oebi, xol o mis mier gamot anil i ganaCenebi or j er

2

uf r o mZime iyo, vidr e sxva sasamar Tl oebisa .

b-ni pr ager i est umr a venis sisxl is samar Tl is r egional ur sasamar Tl os, r aTa moeZebna axsna

amgvar i sxvaobisaTvis. eqvsTviani gamokvl evis Sedegad³man daaskvna, r om yovel ive amis mizezi

sasamar Tl os wevr Ta pir ovnul i Tvisebebi da maTi mundir is Rir sebis Senar Cunebisken swr af va iyo.

r ogor c es aRniSnul ia mis st at i aSi , b-ni pr ager i ar a mar t o SeZr wunda, ar amed ukidur esad da

gul wr f el ad aRSf oTda. es eWvgar eSea. igi didxans f iqr obda, cdil obda aexsna zogier Ti moment i,

r oml is mowmec igi gaxda, da yovel ive es daekavSir ebina avst r iis samar Tl is sist emis specif ikur

damaxasiaTebel niSnebTan. swor ed asea war moCenil i st at iis Sesaval Sic, sadac b-ni pr ager i

mkiTxvel Ta yur adRebas miapyr obs sisxl is samar Tl is mosamar Tl is f ar To uf l ebamosil ebasa da

amis f onze im saf r Txeze, r ac Tan axl avs amgvar Tanamdebobaze wl ebis ganmavl obaSi yof nas, maSin,

r odesac sinamdvil eSi ar ar sebobs zedamxedvel obis r aime meqanizmi. b-ni pr ager i miuTiTebs, r om

sisxl is samar Tl is sasamar Tl oebSi gavr cel ebul ia xel isuf l ebis bor ot ad gamoyeneba. amgvar ad,

gar eSe kont r ol i aucil ebel ia. misi amgvar i gancxadebebi saf uZvel s mokl ebul i ar ar is da isini

gasaTval iswinebel ia⁴. meor es mxr iv, unda gvaxsovdes l or d deningis mt kiceba, r om mosamar Tl eebs,

5

maTi samsaxur ebr ivi mdgomar eobidan gamomdinar e, ar SeuZl iaT kr it ikaze pasuxis gacema .

4. manam, sanam Sevudgebode am sadavo st at iis anal izs, mar Tebul i iqneboda imis gaxseneba, r om

mosamar Tl e j .-m, er T-er Tma maTganma, vinc kr it ikis obieqt i gaxda, miiCnia, r om b-ni pr ager is

st at ia cil ismwamebl ur i iyo da Seit ana ker Zo sar Cel i avst r iis sisxl is samar Tl is kodeqsis

6

111-e muxl is saf uZvel ze . eWvgar eSea, r om zogier Ti nawyvet i aRniSnul i st at iidan,

²aRsani Snavi a, r om xel i suf l ebas sasamar Tl os wi naSe ar c ki ucdi a zemoxsenebul i aRmoCenebi s uar yof a.

3

b-ni pr ager i amt ki cebs, r om mi s mi er Cat ar ebul gamokvl evas 6 Tve dasWi r da; sul mci r e, samTvenaxevr i s

ganmavl obaSi i gi yovel dRi ur ad dadi oda sasamar Tl oSi .

⁴i xi l eT sasamar Tl os ganaCeni s 34-e muxl i , r omel i c i mave azr s gamoxat avs.

5

veTanxmebi i m azr s, r om di di mni Svnel oba eni Weba sazogadoebi s ndobas sasamar Tl o xel i suf l ebi s mi mar T

(i xi l eT gadawyvet i l ebi s 34-e muxl i ), magr am veWvob, r om am ndobi s Senar Cuneba unda moxdes kr i t i ki s

wi naaRmdeg si sxl i s samar Tl i s saqmi s aRZvr i s gzi T, Tundac i gi ve sasamar Tl o xel i suf l eba am kr i t i kas

“dest r uqci ul ad” mi i Cnevdes.

6

i xi l eT ganaCeni s me-19 muxl i .

12

gansakuTr ebiT ki isini, r oml ebic mosamar Tl e j .-s exeboda⁷, mar Tl ac cil ismwamebl ur i iyo.

miuxedavad amisa, konvenciis saf uZvel ze, b-ni pr ager is damnaSaved cnoba da mis mimar T

gamamt yunebel i ganaCenis gamot ana cil iswamebisTvis SesaZl ebel i iqneboda mxol od im

SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mocemul i qveynis sasamar Tl oebi, mas Semdeg, r ac saTanadod ganixil avdnen da

Seaf asebdnen sadavo st at ias mTl ianobaSi, sit yvis Tavisuf l ebisa da sxvaTa r eput aciis dacvis

bal ansis saf uZvel ze miiCnevdnen, r om am ukanasknel

f aqt or s uf r o didi mniSvnel oba

eniWeboda mocemul saqmeSi. r odesac saswor ze devs azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l eba, sasamar Tl o

“sadavo SezRudvas er TianobaSi ganixil avs saqmis gar emoebebis f onze da gansazRvr avs, Tu

r amdenad misaRebi da sakmar isia xel isuf al Ta mier aRniSnul i SezRudvis gasamar Tl ebl ad

war modgenil i mizezebi”.

sxva sit yvebiT, sasamar Tl os gul dasmiT unda Seemowmebina im gar emoebaTa sar wmunooba, r oml ebic

saf uZvl ad daedo b-ni pr ager is damnaSaved cnobasa da mis mimar T gamamt yunebel i ganaCenis

gamot anas. “amgvar ad, sasamar Tl o unda dar wmundes, r om qveynis xel isuf al T gamoiyenes is

st andar t ebi, r oml ebic Seesabameba me-10 muxl iT gansazRvr ul pr incipebs da r om isini eyr dnoboda

saTanado f aqt ebis keTil sindisier Sef asebas”⁸.

azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebasa da sxvaTa r eput aciis dacvas Sor is bal ansis damyar eba

SesaZl ebel ia mxol od maSin, r odesac gamoxat ul i azr i swor ad ar is aRqmul i da Sef asebul i

mTl ian kont eqst Si. amgvar ad,

azr is

gamoxat vis

Tavisuf l ebis

gar ant is

moval eobis

Sesasr ul ebl ad, evr opis adamianis uf l ebebis sasamar Tl o ar a mar t o val debul ia ganixil os

adgil obr ivi sasamar Tl oebis mier amgvar i bal ansis damyar ebis pr aqt ika, ar amed, upir vel es

yovl isa, man aucil ebl ad unda Seamowmos, Tu r ogor ar is ganmar t ebul i da Sef asebul i mocemul i

gancxadebebi. mxol od amgvar i gul modgine Semowmeba miscems saSual ebas sasamar Tl os dar wmundes,

r om azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebis ar amar Tl zomier SezRudvas adgil i ar hqonia⁹.

5. ganvagr Zob sadavo st at iis anal izs. zemoxsenebul i “Teor iul i” Sesavl is Semdeg st at ia

mi moi xi l avs b-ni pr ager is samTvenaxevr ian gamokvl evas r egional ur sasamar Tl oSi. am (meor e)

“Tavis” aSkar a mizania Sesaval Si moyvanil i gancxadebebis il ust r ir eba da avt or is aRSf oTebis

mkiTxvel TaTvis gadacema.

es (meor e) “Tavic” Sesavl is st il Si iwyeba da moicavs zogad inf or macias, sxvadasxva

advokat ebisa da st enogr af ist ebis mier

avt or isTvis winaswar

miwodebul

cnobebs,

sasamar Tl oSi ar sebul i at mosf er os aRwer as, zogier T mosamar Tl esTan pir vel ad Sexvedr is

Sedegad miRebul zogad STabeWdil ebasa da ir oniul SeniSvnebs sasamar Tl o xel isuf l ebis

sakiTxebze momuSave axal gazr da Jur nal ist ze avt ocenzur is dawesebis Taobaze.

⁷i m nawyvet ebi s saTar gmnel ad, r omel Ta saf uZvel zec aRi Zr a ker Zo sar Cel i , i xi l eT ganaCeni s me-14 muxl i .

8

sasamar Tl om es r amdenj er me aRni Sna, magr am es da zemoxsenebul i ci t i r eba moyvani l i a “j er si l di s”

saqmeze di di pal at i s gadawyvet i l ebi dan, 23-24-e gver debi , par agr af i 31.

9

ganaCenis 36-e muxl i s 1-el i punqt i s Tanaxmad, i mi s gadawyvet a, aRni Snul i ganc xadebebi f aqt ebi s ar sebobas

amt ki cebs Tu Sef asebas war moadgens, adgi l obr i vi sasamar Tl os f unqci aSi Sedi s. Cemi Tval sazr i si T, amgvar i

mosazr eba SeuTavsebel i a i m dadgeni l wesTan, r oml i s Tanaxmadac , sasamar Tl o unda dar wmundes, r om qveyni s

xel i suf al T gamoi yenes i s st andar t ebi , r oml ebi c Seesabameba me-10 muxl i T gansazRvr ul pr i nc i pebs da r om

i si ni eyr dnoboda saTanado f aqt ebi s keTi l si ndi si er

Sef asebas (i xi l eT t eqst i zemoT); met i c,

gadawyvet i l ebaSi moyvani l i mosazr ebebi ewi naaRmdegeba l i ngensi s (ser i a A, # 103), ober Sl i ki s (ser i a A,

# 204) da Svabes (ser i a A, # 242-B) saqmeebze gamot ani l ganaCenebs.

13

amas mosdevs cxr a mosamar Tl is met -nakl ebad amomwur avi “por t r et i”. yovel por t r et s win

uZRvis sagangebo saTaur i, r omel ic ar a mar t o mokl ed aRwer s im saqmeebs, r oml ebsac

mocemul i mosamar Tl e gansj is, ar amed TiToeul maTgans miawer s gar kveul “t ips”. es cxr a

por t r et i, maT Sor is mosamar Tl eTaTvis miwebebul i iar l iyebi saTaur iT “t ipi”, aSkar ad

miznad isaxavs venis r egional ur i sasamar Tl os mier samar Tl is aRsr ul ebis meTodebis b-ni

pr ager iseul i kr it ikis r eziumir ebasa da am kr it ikis damaj er ebl obis gaZl ier ebas saxel ebisa

da saxeebis gamoyenebis gziT.

6. es, r a Tqma unda, gemovnebis sakiTxia, magr am, Cemi Tval sazr isiT, zogier Ti sxva mosamar Tl e

uf r o Rvar Zl ianad ar is aRwer il i, vidr e mosamar Tl e j . savar audoa, r om ainSt adt is

r egional ur i sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl ec ase f iqr obda. man Tavis ganaCenSi isic ki miuTiTa,

r om yvel a mosamar Tl es, r omel sac Seexo kr it ika da r oml is saxel ic moxseniebul i iyo

st at iaSi, SeeZl o sar Cel is aRZvr a cil iswamebisTvis. SesaZl oa es mar Tal i iyos, magr am

f aqt ia, r om isini ase ar moiqcnen. es, r a Tqma unda, ar niSnavs imas, r om maTi por t r et ebi

swor ad iyo Sedgenil i. es is f aqt or ia, r omel ic, gar kveul wil ad, mxedvel obaSia misaRebi

mosamar Tl e j .-sadmi miZRvnil i nawyvet ebis Sef asebisas. ar avis daumt kicebia, r om sxva

mosamar Tl eTa aRwer a WeSmar it ebas iyo mokl ebul i, an r om sasamar Tl oSi ar sebul i

at mosf er os sur aTi sr ul iad yal bi iyo.

7. imaze r om ar af er i vTqvaT, r om sxva mosamar Tl eebs ar miumar TavT sasamar Tl osTvis,

xel isuf l ebas ar c ki ucdia daemt kic ebi na b-ni pr ager is zogadi gancxadebis usaf uZvl oba,

r oml is Tanaxmadac, venis sisxl is samar Tl is mar Tl msaj ul eba pir vel inst anciaSi ar a mar t o

Zal ze mkacr ia, ar amed miuRebl ad sast iki.

Sesabamisad, mosamar Tl e j .-s b-ni pr ager iseul i aRwer a unda Sevaf asoT im f aqt is

gaTval iswinebiT, r om mosamar Tl e j . gaxl avT sisxl is samar Tl is sasamar Tl os wevr i, anu

war moadgens im or ganos, r omel ic sakuTar i gadawyvet il ebebiTa da moqmedebiT br al debul Ta da

advokat Ta mimar T amar Tl ebs pr esis mxr idan masze kont r ol s. b-ni pr ager is st at ia unda

ganvixil oT r ogor c im sakiTxebis gamSuqebel i, r oml ebic f ar To sazogadoebis int er esiT

sar gebl obs. amit omac igi mar Tebul ad daibeWda gazeTSi “f or umi”, r omel ic agviwer es, r ogor c

“gamocema, r oml is mizania demokr at iul i pr incipebis, kanonis uzenaesobisa da Rat akTa

int er esebis popul ar izacia” da “t ipiur i gazeTi int el eqt ual TaTvis” (“ein typisches Blatt der

intellektuellen Szene”). ar c er Ti am aRwer aTagan ar gamxdar a xel isuf l ebis mxr idan Semodavebis

sagani. neba momeciT kvl av gavimeor o, r om amgvar Sef asebas ver ipoviT avst r iul i

sasamar Tl oebis mier gamot anil ganaCenebSi: isini ar sad miuTiTeben, r om maT daupir ispir es

mosamar Tl e j .-s uf l eba daecva sakuTar i r eput acia b-ni pr ager is (da “f or umis”) me-10

muxl iT gaTval iswinebul

saint er eso Temaze!

uf l ebas daewer a kr it ikul i st at ia sazogadoebisTvis Zal ze

8. b-ni pr ager is st at iis zemoT moyvanil i anal izi (ixil eT par agr af ebi 3 da 5 zemoT), is f aqt i,

r om st at ia daibeWda ser iozul gazeTSi, r omel ic gankuTvnil ia int el eqt ual ur i

mkiTxvel isTvis (ixil eT par agr af i 7 zemoT), e.i. maTTvis, visac Zal uZs gaakeTos sakuTar i

daskvnebi, da is gar emoeba, r om st at ia Seexeboda sazogadoebisTvis Zal ze saint er eso Temas

avt or is Tval sazr isiT, samar Tl is aRsr ul ebis skandal ur meTodebs - mxedvel obaSia misaRebi

ar a mar t o SezRudvis aucil ebl obis sakiTxis gadawyvet isas, ar amed agr eTve im xuTi

specif ikur i da kont eqst idan izol ir ebul i nawyvet ebis t eqst is ganmar t ebisas, r oml ebic

saf uZvl ad daedo mosamar Tl e j .-s ker Zo sar Cel s (ixil eT par agr af i 4 zemoT).

14

9. yovel ive amis f onze bevr i r am SeiZl eba iTqvas im gancxadebis Sesaxeb, r om yvel a mocemul i

nawyvet i, gar da me-5 nawyvet isa, unda kl asif icir ebul iqnes r ogor c Sef aseba. aSkar aa – da es

daadast ur a ainSt adt is sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl em, – r om me-4 nawyvet i, r omel ic Seicavs

mosamar Tl is gar kveul i “t ipisadmi” mikuTvnebas, war moadgens Sef asebas. es simar Tl ea, r adgan

b-nma pr ager ma ar aer Txel miakuTvna r amdenime mosamar Tl e gar kveul t ips. magal iTad, man

aRniSna, r om mosamar Tl e j . miekuTvneboda t ips “Smagi”, iseve, r ogor c er T-er Ti misi kol ega -

mosamar Tl e a. r ac Seexeba pir vel or nawyvet s, unda aRvniSno, r om isini war moadgenen ar a

st at iis mTavar i t eqst is nawil s, ar amed mokl e r eziumes, r omel ic saTaur Tan (“f r Txil ad!

sast iki mosamar Tl eebi!”) da qvesaTaur Tan (“moxseneba im adgil is vizit isa, sadac”) er Tad

moqceul ia Car CoSi¹⁰. es aSkar ad gakeTda mkiTxvel is yur adRebis misapyr obad da es asec moxda.

mocemul i winadadebebi, r ogor c r eziumes nawil i, aSkar ad gamoxat aven b-ni pr ager is mier

sisxl is samar Tl is sasamar Tl os gakicxvis ar ss da dasabuTebas hpoveben mTavar t eqst Si.

am gar emoebaTa gaTval iswinebiT, sakiTxavia, Tu r amdenad misaRebia am aSkar ad zogadi winadadebebis

ase mkacr ad ganxil va, TiTqos isini mxol od mosamar Tl e j .-sadmi miZRvnil i st at iis nawil s

war moadgendes. magr am zust ad amgvar ad moiqcnen avst r iis sasamar Tl oebi, r omel Tac TavianTi

midgomis Taobaze axsna-ganmar t ebebis micemiT Tavi ar Seiwuxes¹¹.

igive exeba me-3 nawyvet s. igi war moadgens Sesavl is me-2 “Tavis” kont eqst Si gakeTebul SeniSvnas

(ixil eT par agr af i 5 zemoT). Znel ia im Tavis zust i mniSvnel obis gageba, r oml idanac amoRebul ia

es nawyvet i. Cemi Tval sazr isiT, yvel aze uf r o mosal odnel ia, r om nawyvet i, gar kveul wil ad,

agr Zel ebs zemoxsenebul ir oniul SeniSvnebs avt ocenzur is Taobaze (ixil eT par agr af i 5). am

ver siis Tanaxmad, me-3 nawyvet Si moyvanil i SeniSvna gul isxmobs, r om mosamar Tl e j .-s saqciel i

imdenad Seuwynar ebel ia, r om Znel ia Tavi Seikavo misi dagmobisgan. es saqciel i SemdgomSi

daxasiaTebul ia r ogor c “menschenverachtende Schikane”, r omel ic Znel ad iTar gmneba¹², magr am,

yovel SemTxvevaSi, igi sakmaod Seur acxmyof el ia. Tumca t eqst Si moyvanil i SeniSvna miuTiTebs,

r om daxasiaTeba war moadgens SemdgomSi moyvanil i det al ur i por t r et is r eziumes. eWvgar eSea, r om

am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs Sef asebasTan, r ogor c aseTTan. met ic, Tuki mas ganvixil avT st at iis

er Tian kont eqst Si, Znel ia (r bil ad r om vTqvaT) gaviziar oT ainSt adt is r egional ur i

sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl is mosazr eba, r oml is Tanaxmadac, ”Schikane” ise unda gavigoT, r om

mosamar Tl e j . Tavis samsaxur ebr iv mdgomar eobas br al debul TaTvis gangeb zianis misayenebl ad

iyenebs. mar Tal ia, l eqsikonebis mixedviT, sit yvas - ”Schikane”, SesaZl oa hqondes amgvar i

konot acia, magr am mimaCnia, r om sisxl is samar Tl is sasamar Tl os aRwer isa da mTl ianad st at iis

kont eqst Si igi unda gagebul iqnes, r ogor c sisxl is kanonmdebl obis Zal ze sast iki f or miT

gamoyeneba adamianis Semdgomi t anj vis gauTval iswinebl ad. aqac iseve, r ogor c sxva nawyvet ebis

ganmar t ebisas, ainSt adt is sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl em ganmar t ebis or i SesaZl ebel i var iant idan

air Cia is var iant i, r omel ic amt yunebda br al debul s da sabol ood gamoiwvia misi damnaSaved

¹⁰i xi l eT r ezi umes t eqst i : gadawyvet i l ebi s me-9 par agr af i .

11

me-2 nawyvet Tan mi mar TebaSi aRvni Sne, r om avst r i i s sasamar Tl oebma ar c ki mi i Res mxedvel obaSi nawyvet i

mi s mTl i anobaSi : movi yvan sasamar Tl os ganaCeni s me-9 par agr af i s sr ul t eqst s:

“zogi er Ti avst r i el i mosamar Tl e mzad ar i s yvel af er ze wavi des; yovel i maTgani mzad ar i s bevr r ameze

wavi des: es damkvi dr ebul i pr aqt i kaa”. am t eqst i s er Ti anobaSi aRqmi s magi vr ad, avst r i i s sasamar Tl oebma

mi i Cni es, r om i gi ci l s swamebda mosamar Tl e j .-s.

12

mopasuxi s mi er SemoTavazebul i Tar gmani i yo “aut anel i Caki r ki t eba”, magr am sasamar Tl om ai r Ci a var i ant i

“qedmaRl ur i ampar t avnoba”.

15

cnoba. amasTanave, mosamar Tl em Tavi ar Seiwuxa ganemar t a, r om man ganixil a meor e var iant ic, an

r aTa aexsna am ukanasknel is uar yof is mizezi.

yur adRebas vamaxvil eb mis mier miRebul i gadawyvet il ebis am aspeqt ze, r adganac am sakiTxSi

mTel i ar sebiT veTanxmebi ger maniis konst it uciur sasamar Tl os. am sasamar Tl os pr ecedent is

Tanaxmad, mosamar Tl e, r omel ic damnaSaved cnobs pir s, r oml is sit yvier i an wer il obiTi

gancxadebis ganmar t eba sxvadasxvagvar ad SeiZl eba da, amasTanave, ar iZl eva damaj er ebel mizezs, Tu

r at om mianiWa upir at esoba ganmar t ebis im var iant s, r omel mac gamoiwvia am pir is damnaSaved cnoba,

ar Rvevs azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebas.

13

10. avst r iis sasamar Tl oebma ar sebiTad gansxvavebul i midgoma ar Cies. maT ganixil es mxol od

xuTi specif ikur i da kont eqst idan amoRebul i nawyvet i, r oml ebzec miTiTebul i iyo

mosamar Tl e j .-s ker Zo sar Cel Si¹⁴. eWvgar eSea, r om sasamar Tl oebis mier

miRebul i

gadawyvet il ebebi gamsWval ul ia amgvar i midgomiT. magal iTad, ainSt adt is sasamar Tl os

mosamar Tl em uar i ganacxada mxedvel obaSi mieRo is (udavo) f aqt i, r om er Txel mosamar Tl e

j .-m gaaf r Txil a advokat i "mokl ed moexsenebina misi sit yva", r adganac mosamar Tl es "ukve

miRebul i hqonda gadawyvet il eba". r a Tqma unda, es f aqt i ar met yvel ebs "zogad miker Zoebaze",

an imaze, r om mosamar Tl e j . yovel br al debul s dasawyisidanve epyr oboda ise, r ogor c ukve

msj avr debul s, magr am igi Tundac imaze miuTiTebs, r om mosamar Tl e j .-m gamoamJRavna sakuTar i

damokidebul eba "mundir is Rir sebisadmi", r omel ic b-nma pr ager ma daaf iqsir a sakuTar i

Jur nal ist ur i gamokvl evis msvl el obis dr os. amgvar ad, b-n pr ager s gaaCnda gar kveul i

saf uZvel i, r aTa por t r et ebis gal er eaSi mosamar Tl e j .-c Seeyvana.

11. Cans, r om es magal iTi Seesabameba damkvidr ebul pr aqt ikas. Tuki Seviswavl iT ainSt adt is

sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl i s r eaqci as b-ni pr ager is Txovnaze war moadginos misi Sef asebebis

saf uZvl ianobis damadast ur ebel i mt kicebul ebebi, aRmovaCenT, r om igi r amdenj er me meor deba.

pir vel r igSi, mosamar Tl e, yovel gvar i mizezis ganmar t ebis gar eSe, upir at esobas aniWebs

mocemul i Sef asebebis int er pr et aciis im var iant s, r omel ic amt yunebs mopasuxes, xol o Semdeg

am ukanasknel s uar s eubneba zemoxsenebul i mt kicebul ebebis war modgenaze im mot iviT, r om

mopasuxe ver daar wmunebs sasamar Tl os imaSi, r om mosamar Tl e j .-s amoZr avebda t anj vis

15

miyenebis bor ot i ganzr axva .

13

mocemul saqmeSi yvel aze uf r o mni Svnel ovani a ai nSt adt i s r egi onal ur i sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl i s mi er

gamot ani l i gadawyvet i l eba: ar i qna gamoyenebul i ganmeor ebi Ti apel aci a; saapel aci o sasamar Tl om gani xi l a

mxol od apel ac i i s saf uZvel i ; mi s mi er ai nSt adt i s sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl i s ar gument ebi s ganxi l va

zedapi r ul i i yo; mi uxedavad ami sa, saapel aci o sasamar Tl om moi wona i si ni da ar daakmayof i l a apel aci a.

14

mxedvel obi dan ar gamomr Ceni a i s f aqt i , r om ai nSt adt i s sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl em, mas Semdeg, r ac

ganmar t a zemoxsenebul i xuTi nawyvet i i se, r ogor c es me maqvs mi Ti Tebul i , Semdegnai r ad Seaj ama sakuTar i

Sexedul eba i mi s Taobaze, Tu r amdenad war moadgenda es xuTi nawyvet i ci l i swamebas:

“eWvgar eSea, r om i s xuTi nawyvet i , r omel Ta wi naaRmdegac mi mar Tul i a ker Zo sar Cel i , c al ke aRebul i , Tu

st at i i s er Ti an kont eqst Si ganxi l ul i , war moadgens ci l i swamebas, si sxl i s samar Tl i s kodeqsi s 111-e

muxl i s Tanaxmad”.

mas Semdeg, r ac gul dasmi T Sevi swavl e mi si gadawyvet i l eba da davr wmundi , r om es pi r vel i da ukanasknel i

SemTxvevaa, r odesac i gi “st at i i s kont eqst s” axsenebs, CemTvi s naTel i gaxda, r om am gzi T man zer el ed

mouxada xar ki pr i nci ps, r omel i c, j amSi , f aqt obr i vad, sr ul i ad uar yo.

15

Exceptio veritatis -i s (gamonakl i si adast ur ebs WeSmar i t ebas (l aT.) damt ki cebi sTvi s war modgeni l i

wi nadadebi sTvi s dadgeni l i moTxovnebi i xi l eT me-13 par agr af Si qvemoT.

16

mosamar Tl e j .-s por t r et is¹⁶aRwer isas didi yur adReba eTmoba SemTxvevas, r odesac mosamar Tl e

j .-s daJinebiT da yovel gvar i saWir oebis gar eSe pir s gaugr Zel es winaswar i pat imr obis vada, da

r odesac mosamar Tl e j .-m Suamdgoml oba am vadis gauqmebis Sesaxeb ar gadasca saTanado or ganos.

mosamar Tl e j .-m ar Cia ar moexseniebina es SemTxveva Tavis sar Cel Si, magr am igi mainc gamomzeur da,

r odesac b-nma pr ager ma ganacxada, r om zust ad es epizodi daedo saf uZvl ad mosamar Tl e j .-sTvis

“menschenverachtende Schikane”-s wodebas (ixil eT par agr af i 9 zemoT), r is dasabuTebasac igi

iTxovda. misi Txovna ar daakmayof il a ainSt adt is sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl em im mot iviT, r om man

sr ul iad dauj er ebl ad miiCnia, r om mosamar Tl e j .-s Segnebul ad da bor ot i ganzr axviT sur da

winaswar i pat imr obis vadis gagr Zel eba.

12. msur s moviyvano msgavsi meqanizmis kidev er Ti magal iTi, amj er ad mosamar Tl e j .-s mier

Ser Ceul me-5 nawyvet Tan mimar TebaSi. es nawyvet i udavod Seicavs gancxadebas f aqt (eb)is

ar sebobis Sesaxeb. upir vel es yovl isa, r a Tqma unda, dasadgenia, Tu r omel f aqt ebzea saubar i.

am SemTxvevaSi vi Tar eba sakmaod naTel i a. b-ni pr ager is mt kicebiT, mosamar Tl e j . kinaRam

daniSnes pr okur or ad – al baT gar kveul i xnis win, magr am, Tu b-n pr ager s davuj er ebT, man es

17

Tanamdeboba ver moipova im mizeziT, r om misi saxel i kvl av gaxda pr esis ganxil vis sagani. am

SemTxvevaSi saqme exeboda eWvs, r om mosamar Tl e j . gar eul i iyo ar akeTil sindisier

saqmianobaSi¹⁸. ar avin uar yof da, r om msgavsi st at iebi daibeWda pr esaSi. miuxedavad amisa,

ainSt adt is sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl es war modgeniT, nawyvet i Seicavda gancxadebas, r om msgavsi

eWvi kvl av ar sebobda st at iis gamoqveynebis moment isTvis. amasTanave, mosamar Tl em kvl av ar

miiRo mxedvel obaSi nawyvet is sxvagvar i int er pr et aciis SesaZl ebl oba. Semdeg mosamar Tl e

miuTiTebs, r om venis saapel acio sasamar Tl os mier gar kveul i xnis win miRebul ma

gadawyvet il ebam gaf ant a zemoxsenebul i eWvebi mosamar Tl e j .-s gar Semo. kar gi iqneboda, Tu

mosamar Tl e axsnida, Tu r ogor unda scodnoda b-n pr ager s am gadawyvet il ebis Sesaxeb, magr am

es amj er ad ar war moadgens Cemi ganxil vis sagans. mniSvnel ovania is, r om aqac saqme gvaqvs im

midgomasTan, r omel ic SeimCneva me-10 da me-11 par agr af ebTan mimar TebaSi: (a) dausabuTebel i

int er pr et acia, r omel ic (r bil ad r om vTqvaT) aSkar ad amZimebs mopasuxis mdgomar eobas, da (b)

amis saf uZvel ze, Exceptio veritatis-is damt kicebis Taobaze b-ni pr ager is Txovnis uar yof a.

13. al baT sakiTxavia, r amdenad Seesabameba me-10 muxl s¹⁹amgvar saqmeSi mt kicebis t vir Tis

Jur nal ist ze dakisr eba, magr am, r adganac ar avis ganucxadebia pr ot est i am sakiTxze, misi

ganxil visgan Tavs vikaveb. Tumca xazi unda gaesvas im gar emoebas, r om saapel acio sasamar Tl os

gadawyvet il ebidan naTel ia, Tu r amdenad zedmet ad momTxovni da skr upul ozur ia avst r iis

kanonmdebl oba Exceptio veritatis-is mt kicebul ebebis war modgenasTan mimar TebiT. br al debul ma

zust ad unda miuTiTos, r omel i f aqt ebis damt kiceba sur s. met ic, man ar a mar t o zust ad unda

miuTiTos, Tu r at om asabuTebs es f aqt ebi mis naTqvams da r ogor daamt kicebs mis mier

¹⁶i xi l eT ganaCeni s me-11 par agr af i .

17

“kvl av”, r adgan, r ogor c b-ni pr ager i mi uTi Tebs, mosamar Tl e j . war sul Si gar eul i i yo meZavTan

dakavSi r ebul er Tob usi amovno i nci dent Si .

18

i m STabeWdi l ebi s gasaqar wyl ebl ad, r om b-nma pr ager ma SesaZl od CaTval a mosamar Tl e j .-s mi er saSi nel i

saqmeebi s Cadena, mi nda aRvni Sno, r om t eqst i s or i gi nal Si mocemul i saqci el i daxasi aTebul i a r ogor c

“Wi nkel sc hr ei ber ei ”, r ac , r ogor c Cven agvi xsnes, ni Snavs, r om mosamar Tl e j . eWvmi t ani l i i yo i ur i di ul i

konsu l t aci i s gawevaSi gar kveul i anazRaur ebi s sanacvl od, r i si uf l ebac mas ar hqonda.

19

ger mani i s Bundesgerichtshof-Si damkvi dr ebul i pr ecedent i s Tanaxmad, r odesac pr esa aSuqebs sazogadoebr i vi

i nt er esi s sf er os mi kuTvnebul saki Txebs da asabuTebs, r om Jur nal i st ur i si f r Txi l i s ugul ebel yof as

adgi l i ar hqoni a, si yal bi s damt ki c ebi s val debul eba mosar Cl es eki sr eba. magal i Ti sTvi s i xi l eT j .

zor i ngi , “Die neue Rechtsprechung zum Presserecht”, NJW, 1994 w., me-16 da Semdgomi gver debi .

17

war modgenil i mt kicebul eba am f aqt ebis ar sebobas, ar amed man, agr eTve, winaswar unda

daar wmunos sasamar Tl o, r om ar sebobs am f aqt ebis damt kicebis SesaZl ebl oba.

14. gar da imisa, r om b-n pr ager s ar misces im f aqt ebis damadast ur ebel i mt kicebul ebis

war modgenis saSual eba, r omel sac eyr dnoboda misi Sef asebebi (gar da er Tader Ti SemTxvevisa),

sasamar Tl om miiCnia, r om man ar gamoiCina saTanado Jur nal ist ur i sif r Txil e.

es ar ar is usaf uZvl o Tval sazr isi, r adganac b-nma pr ager ma mosamar Tl e j .-s ar misca

st at iis pr oeqt ze sakuTar i koment ar ebis gakeTebis saSual eba. udavoa, r om es Jur nal ist ur i

sif r Txil is ugul ebel yof is ser iozul i SemTxveva iyo²⁰da ar a aqvs mniSvnel oba, r amdenad

gamoiyenebda mosamar Tl e j . koment ar is gakeTebis SesaZl ebl obas.

________________________

15. ainSt adt is sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl is mt kicebiT, “aSkar a” iyo, r om b-n pr ager s amoZr avebda

mosamar Tl e j .-s cil iswamebis (bor ot i) ganzr axva. igi uf r o Sor s wavida da b-ni pr ager is

bor ot i ganzr axva aRwer a r ogor c “winaswar gamiznul i”. misi er Tader Ti ar gument i iyo is,

r om b-ni pr ager i saSual o adamianze uf r o ganaTl ebul ia da, gar da amisa, gamocdil i

Jur nal ist ia. Semdeg man ganacxada, r om b-n pr ager s unda gaeTval iswinebina, r om zemoxsenebul i

xuTi nawyvet i mosamar Tl e j .-s Sesaxeb negat iur STabeWdil ebas moaxdenda da, Sesabamisad,

masze uar yof iTad imoqmedebda.

Cemi Tval sazr isiT, am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs gamocdasTan da amit omac ar CevanSi ar unda

SevcdeT. ar uar vyof , r om ar is SemTxvevebi, r odesac konkr et ul i pir is mimar T gakeTebul i

20

avst r i i s xel i suf l ebi s ar gument i i mi s Sesaxeb, r om b-ni pr ager i s mi er gamoCeni l i ugul ebel yof i s

Sedegad, mi si st at i a ar Sei Zl eba gani xi l ebodes r ogor c sazogadoebi sTvi s Zal ze sai nt er eso Temaze

gamar Tul kr i t i kul di skusi aSi Set ani l i wvl i l i , aSkar ad usaf uZvl oa.

r amdenadac ser i ozul i ar unda i yos b-ni pr ager i s mi er Jur nal i st ur i si f r Txi l i s ugul ebel yof a, i gi ar

amar Tl ebs ai nSt adt i s sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl i s mi er mi s mi mar T gamoCeni l si mkacr es. mar Tal i a, i gi am

si mkacr es asabuTebs or i damat ebi Ti ar gument i T, unda aRi ni Snos, r om maT saf uZvl ad udevs mi ker Zoebul i

mi dgoma, r omel i c ganxi l ul i a wi namdebar e par agr af Si . ai nSt adt i s sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl em i gnor i r eba

gaukeTa st at i as er Ti anobaSi . met i c, man me-9 par agr af Si moxseni ebul i r ezi umes kont eqst i dan amoRebul i

or i i zol i r ebul i wi nadadeba gani xi l a r ogor c mxol od mosamar Tl e j .-sadmi mi ZRvni l i st at i i s mTavar i

t eqst i s Semadgenel i nawi l i .

er Ti anobaSi ganxi l ul i st at i a sakmaod naTel s xdi s, r om i gi emyar eba xangr Zl i vi per i odi s ganmavl obaSi

ganxor c i el ebul pi r ad dakvi r vebebs da i m mowmeebi sgan mi Rebul i nf or mac i as, r oml ebi c mi Cneu l i ar i an

konkr et ul sasamar Tl osTan da mi s wevr ebTan muSaobi s pr of esi ul i gamocdi l ebi s mqone pi r ebad, r ogor ebi c

ar i an si sxl i s samar Tl i s advokat ebi , st enogr af i st ebi da pi r obi Tad gasamar Tl ebul

msj avr debul Ta

zedamxedvel i i nspeqt or ebi . ai nSt adt i s sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl e amt ki c ebs, r om am gzi T mopovebul i

i nf or mac i a Wor ebze daf uZnebul mt ki c ebul ebas war moadgens, magr am, Cemi Tval sazr i si T, ar Sei Zl eba i Tqvas,

r o m b-nma pr ager ma sakuTar i meTodebi T ugul ebel yo Jur nal i st ur i si f r Txi l e. i s ar gument i , r om b-ni

pr ager i , r ogor c man es Tvi Ton ganac xada, ar daswr ebi a mosamar Tl e j .-s Tavmj domar eobi T war mar Tul

r omel i me sxdomas, ar adamaj er ebel i a, r adganac b-ni pr ager i ar sad akr i t i kebs i mas, Tu r ogor

Tavmj domar eobs mosamar Tl e j . sxdomas, Tuki mxol od vi nme Sec domi T ar mi i Cnevs, r om r ezi ume mosamar Tl e

j .-s Sesaxeb gar kveul i f aqt ebi s ar sebobas amt ki c ebs. Tumc a b-ni pr ager i s st at i a Sei c avs er T anekdot ur

SemTxvevas, r odesac mosamar Tl e j .-m advokat i sgan moi Txova moxsenebi s Semokl eba (i xi l eT par agr af i 10

zemoT). vf i qr ob, Jur nal i st i ar ugul ebel yof s si f r Txi l es i m i st or i i s gamoqveynebi T, r omel i c moi smi na

i m advokat i sgan, r omel sac mosamar Tl em amgvar ad mi mar Ta; mi T umet es, r om es SemTxveva war moadgens

“mundi r i s Ri r sebi sadmi ” damoki debul ebi s br wyi nval e i l ust r aci as, r i si mowmec b-ni pr ager i c gamxdar a da

r i s Sesaxebac mas ar aer Txel gaugi a sxva mowmeebi sgan.

18

SeniSvnebis f or ma saSual ebas gvaZl evs davaskvnaT, r om am SeniSvnebis gakeTebisas pir s

amoZr avebda cil iswamebis bor ot i ganzr axva. magr am amgvar i daskvnis gamot ana im st at iis

kont eqst idan amoRebul

xuT izol ir ebul

winadadebaze dayr dnobiT, r omel ic daibeWda

ser iozul gazeTSi da Seexeboda sazogadoebisTvis Zal ze saint er eso Temas, azr is gamoxat vis

Tavisuf l ebas ar Rvevs. gar da imisa, r om daskvna eyr dnoboda am xuTi nawyvet is miker Zoebul

int er pr et acias, miuRebel ia is f aqt ic, r om saz ogadoebisTvis saint er eso Temaze gakeTebul i

kr it ikul i koment ar is f or mam ganapir oba mosazr eba, r om pir s am koment ar is gakeTebisas

cil iswamebis bor ot i ganzr axva amoZr avebda. es niSnavs, r om sasamar Tl oebi sr ul iad

ugul ebel yof dnen avt or is ganzr axvas wamoewyo saj ar o diskusia; es niSnavs, r om,

f aqt obr ivad, gaTval iswinebul i iqneboda mxol od mosar Cl is int er esebi, r ac SemaSf oTebel i

masSt abebiT SezRudavda azr is gamoxat vis Tavisuf l ebas. r amdenadac maxsovs, “me-10 muxl i

icavs ar a mar t o gavr cel ebul i ideebisa da inf or maciis Sinaar ss, ar amed, agr eTve, gavr cel ebis

f or mas”²¹. am mizezTa gamo, mimaCnia, r om, Tuki saqme gvaqvs sazogadoebisTvis saint er eso

Temaze gakeTebul kr it ikul SeniSvnasTan, Zal ze gadaWar bebul i da mwvave Tavdasxmebic ki ar

gvaZl evs sababs davaskvnaT, r om SeniSvnis avt or s amoZr avebda cil iswamebis bor ot i ganzr axva.

gadamwyvet i sakiTxi mdgomar eobs imaSi, SesaZl ebel ia Tu ar a mocemul i sadavo f or mul ir eba,

Tundac igi Tavxedur i an uxeSi iyos, gamomdinar eobdes aRniSnul sakiTxze Camoyal ibebul i

gul wr f el i mosazr ebidan – Tundac es f or mul ir eba gadaWar bebul ad an usiamovnod JRer des, Tu

pir iqiT, – er Tader Ti SesaZl o daskvna ar is is, r om mis avt or s mxol od an umet eswil ad

Seur acxyof is miyenebis ganzr axva amoZr avebda.

kidev er Txel

davr wmundi, r om avst r iis sasamar Tl oebi xel mZRvanel obdnen st andar t ebiT,

r oml ebic ewinaaRmdegeba me-10 muxl Si gadmocemul pr incipebs da, amasTan dakavSir ebiT, eWvqveS

vayeneb im mosazr ebas, r om sxvagvar i midgoma r omc gamoeyenebinaT, isini mainc imave

gadawyvet il ebas gamoit andnen. r ogor c ukve mivuTiTe, dar wmunebul i var , r om b-ni pr ager i

gul wr f el ad SeZr wunda venis r egional ur sasamar Tl oSi nanaxiT da gagonil iT. igi ar a mar t o

SeZr wunda, ar amed ukidur esobamde aRSf oTda. mas esmoda, r om sakuTar aRSf oTebas uCveul od

mwvave f or miT gamoxat avda, magr am amj er ad misTvis yvel aze mniSvnel ovani iyo inf or maciis

mkiTxvel TaTvis miwodeba, mis mier mizanSi amoRebul i cxr a mosamar Tl is r eaqciis miuxedavad. misi

Tval sazr isiT, isini ar imsaxur ebdnen Semwynar ebl ur mopyr obas²². amgvar i damokidebul eba

SesaZl oa r ogor c mor al ur i, ise iur idiul i Tval sazr isiTac gasakicxi iyos, magr am igi ar

SeiZl eba miviCnioT bor ot ganzr axvad.

21

es ci t at ac “j er si l di s” saqmeze gamot ani l i gadawyvet i l ebi dan ar i s moyvani l i (gver debi 23-23,

par agr af i 31); i xi l eT me-2 Seni Svna zemoT. r odesac xel i suf l ebam ganac xada, r om b-n pr ager s SeeZl o

sakuTar i mosazr ebebi nakl ebad agr esi ul ad gamoexat a, mas aSkar ad mxedvel obi dan gamor Ca sasamar Tl o

doqt r i na, r oml i s Tanaxmadac, auci l ebel i a gadai si nj os qveyni s sasamar Tl oebSi damkvi dr ebul i pr aqt i ka,

r odesac es ukanasknel ni ayeneben saki Txs, r amdenad SeeZl o avt or s sakuTar i mosazr ebebi s “uf r o zomi er i ”

t er mi nebi T gamoxat va, da mi s wi naaRmdeg gamamt yunebel i ganaCeni gamoaqvT, Tuki mi i Cneven, r om es

SesaZl ebel i i yo.

22

Cemi mxr i dan es ar war moadgens mxol od er Tmxr i v i nt er pr et aci as. mocemul i st at i a Sei cavs, sul mci r e,

er T Seni Svnas, r omel i c asabuTebs Cems Tezi ss. b-ni pr ager i koment ar s ukeTebs momakvdi nebel i seni T

daavadebul i mxat vr i s mi mar T gamot ani l ganaCens, r omel i c damnaSaved cnes f i nansur maqi naci ebSi . i gi

ganaCens uki dur esad mZi med mi i Cnevs. b-ni pr ager i amgvar si mkac r es mi awer s sasamar Tl os sur vi l s

gaaqar wyl os war modgena, r om SesaZl ebel i a zogi er T adami ans uf r o r bi l ad moepyr on, vi dr e sxvebs. amasTan

dakavSi r ebi T i gi svams r i t or i kul Seki Txvas i mi s Sesaxeb, Tu r amdenad “i msaxur eben gagebas mosamar Tl eebi

da sasamar Tl o xel i suf l eba er Ti anobaSi , r odesac maT saqmi anobaSi “mar Tebul ad” ar Cans i ot i sodena

gagebac ki ”.

19

16. yovel ive amas me Semdegnair ad Sevaj amebdi:

(a)

avst r iis sasamar Tl oebma mxedvel obaSi miiRes mxol od xuTi specif ikur i da izol ir ebul i

winadadeba da ignor ir eba gaukeTes maT kont eqst s. xel isuf l ebis ar gument i iyo is, r om

sasamar Tl os ar SeeZl o sxvagvar ad moqceul iyo, r adganac igi xel mZRvanel obda ker Zo

sar Cel iT, Tanaxmad avst r iis sisxl is samar Tl is kanonmdebl obisa. es ar gument i

damaj er ebl ad ar mimaCnia, r adganac: konvenciis me-10 muxl i moiTxovs kont eqst is

gaTval iswinebas

da avst r iaSi

konvencia sar gebl obs

imave st at usiT, r ogor c

sakonst it ucio samar Tal i²³, avst r iis sasamar Tl oebs ignor ir eba unda gaekeTebinaT sisxl is

samar Tal war moebis im debul ebebisTvis, r oml ebic ar iZl eva Jur nal ist is st at iis

er TianobaSi ganxil vis SesaZl ebl obas.

(b)

(c)

(d)

avst r iis sasamar Tl oebma am xuT nawyvet s Zal ze miker Zoebul i int er pr et acia gaukeTes da

ar c er T SemTxvevaSi ganmar t es imis mizezi, Tu r at om ar SeaCer es sakuTar i ar Cevani

int er pr et aciis sxva, br al debul isTvis uf r o sasur vel var iant z e.

am miker Zoebul i int er pr et aciisa da avst r iis zedmet ad mkacr i debul ebebis gamo,

r oml ebic ar iTval iswinebs exceptio veritatis-is mt kicebul ebebis war modgenas, b-n pr ager s

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waer Tva amgvar i mt kicebul ebebis war modgenis yovel gvar i saSual eba .

zemoxsenebul ma xar vezebma gavl ena moaxdina ainSt adt is sasamar Tl os gadawyvet il ebazec,

r omel ic Jur nal ist ur i sif r Txil is sakiTxs Seexeboda. gar da amisa, am sakiTxis

gadasawyvet ad gamoyenebul i kr it er iumi nawil obr iv miuRebel ia.

(e)

(f)

miuRebel ia is kr it er iumi, r omel ic gamoyenebul iqna imis dasadgenad, Tu r amdenad

amoZr avebda b-n pr ager s bor ot i ganzr axva.

yvel a am xar vezis Sedegi, j amSi, ar is is, r om avst r iis sasamar Tl oebma ver moaxer xes

r eput aciis dacvisa da sit yvis Tavisuf l ebis moTxovnebis saWir o bal ansir eba.

17. b-ni pr ager is damnaSaved cnoba war moadgens pr esis Tavisuf l ebis ser iozul

Sel axvas.

ainSt adt is sasamar Tl os mosamar Tl em Riad ganacxada, r om mas ganzr axul i hqonda b-ni

pr ager isa da misi TanamoZme Jur nal ist ebisTvis Wkuis swavl eba.

pr esis Tavisuf l ebis amgvar i ganzr ax Sel axva im st at iaze dayr dnobiT, r omel ic exeboda

sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnel ovan sakiTxebs da r omel ic daibeWda ser iozul gamocemaSi, Zal ze

damaj er ebl ad unda iyos dasabuTebul i, r aTa adamianis uf l ebebis sasamar Tl om misaRebad

CaTval os igi. zemoT moyvanil i mizezebis gamo, r oml ebic Sej amebul ia me-16 par agr af Si, vTvl i,

r om avst r iis sasamar Tl oebis mier gamot anil ma gadawyvet il ebebma ver daakmayof il es es

moTxovna.

Sesabamisad miviCnev, r om b-ni pr ager is damnaSaved cnoba da mis mimar T gamamt yunebel i ganaCenis

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gamot ana war moadgens me-10 muxl is dar Rvevas.

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i xi l eT m. novaki s “evr opi s adami ani s uf l ebebi s konvenci i s daner gva Si dasaxel mwi f oebr i v samar Tal Si ”,

adami ani s uf l ebebi s kopenhageni s me-4 konf er enci i s Canawer ebi, 1988 wl is 28-29 oqt omber i , gver di 33.

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Sesabami sad, me gamakvi r va sasamar Tl os mosazr ebam (par agr af i 37) i mi s Sesaxeb, r om b-ni pr ager i s

damnaSaved cnoba gamar Tl ebul i i yo i mdenad, r amdenadac, “sakmar i si f aqt obr i vi saf uZvl i s ar ar sebobi s

gamo”, mi si br al debebi “zedmet ad sazi ano” i yo!

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gaugebr obi s Tavi dan asaci l ebl ad, msur s aRvni Sno, r om Cemi daskvna ar gul i sxmobs, r om b-ni pr ager is

st at i a akmayof i l ebs mocemul i debul ebi s moTxovni l ebebs; i gi mxol od gul i sxmobs, r om avst r i i s

sasamar Tl oebi s gadawyvet i l ebebma ver daakmayof i l es es moTxovnebi . sxva si t yvebi T r om vTqvaT, ar vambob

i mas, r om sadavo st at i i s gamo aRZr ul i nebi smi er i si sxl i s samar Tl i s saqme uSedegod damTavr deba i mdenad,

r amdenadac mosar Cl i sTvi s xel sayr el i nebi smi er i aRmoCena daar Rvevs me-10 muxl s; me vambob mxol od i mas –

da ar a var val debul i r ai me davumat o – r om mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgi l i hqonda me-10 muxl i s dar Rvevas.

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