lukanovi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg

LUKANOV V. BULGARIA

saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi

7.

momCivani, bulgareTis moqalaqe, jer iyo ministri, Semdgom premier-ministris moadgile,

xolo 1990 wels bulgareTis premier-ministri gaxda. qvemoT aRwerili movlenebis dros is

iyo bulgareTis erovnuli asambleis wevri. 1996 wlis 2 oqtombers igi Tavisi saxlis gareT

iqna mokluli.

8.

1992 wlis 7 marts, sofiidan moskovSi gamgzavrebisas, momCivans sofias aeroportSi

sasazRvro policiam acnoba, rom gacemulia brZaneba misTvis diplomatiuri pasportis

CamorTmevis Sesaxeb. radgan es brZaneba momCivans ar aCvenes, man uari Tqva pasportis Cabarebaze.

11 marts, aseTive incidentis Semdeg, momCivanma saCivari Seitana uzenaes sasamarTloSi,

romelzec uari eTqva im motiviT, rom araviTari administraciuli gadawyvetileba ar yofila

miRebuli, romelic SesaZloa saCivris sagani gamxdariyo.

9.

1992 wlis pirvel ivliss generalurma prokurorma erovnul krebas sTxova momCivanis

winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvris nebarTva im eWvis safuZvelze, rom man Caidina

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 203-e muxliT da 219-e muxlis me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli

danaSaulebi (ix. punqtebi 25 da 27 zemoT). kerZod, es eWvi exeboda 1986-1990 wlebSi mis,

rogorc premier-ministris moadgilis, mier zogierTi ganviTarebadi qveynisTvis (nikaragua,

kuba, laosi, kamboja, avRaneTi, angola da iemeni) daxmarebisa da sesxebis saxiT (sul

34,594,500 aSS dolari da 27,072,000 bulgaruli levi) Tanxebis gamoyofaSi monawileoba.

10.

1992 wlis 7 ivliss erovnulma krebam momCivans saparlamento imuniteti mouxsna

bulgareTis konstituciis 70-e muxlis safuZvelze da gasca mis winaaRmdeg sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis aRZvrisa da misi dakavebisa da dapatimrebis nebarTva.

11.

1992 wlis 9 ivliss generaluri prokuraturis sagamoZiebo ganyofilebis prokurorma,

201-e, 202-e da 282-e muxlebTan erTobliobaSi, momCivans brali wauyena sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis 203-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulSi, kerZod, ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaresa

da Tavmjdomaris moadgileebTan erTad ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvis Tanxebis gamoyofiT maT

aramiznobriv xarjvaSi.

prokurorma aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT momCivans Seufarda patimroba da amis dasasabuTeblad

daasaxela Semdegi mizezebi: pirvel rigSi, safrTxe, romelsac amgvari danaSaulebi uqmnida

sazogadoebas, meore, momCivanis pirovneba da mesame, misi sasamarTloSi gamocxadebis

uzrunvelyofa. patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb prokuroris gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli iyo,

inter alia, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 147-e da 152-e muxlis pirvel punqtze (ix.

punqtebi 29 da 30 zemoT).

1

1992 wlis 9 ivliss momCivani daapatimres da moaTavses saxelmwifo sagamoZiebo samsaxuris

SenobaSi, sofiaSi.

12.

imave dRes momCivanis advokatma es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra uzenaes sasamarTloSi da

moiTxova misi gaTavisufleba. advokati acxadebda, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

148-e muxlis pirveli punqtis sawinaaRmdegod, dapatimrebis orderSi ar iyo aRniSnuli

dapatimrebis safuZvlebi. is, rom momCivans SeiZleboda Sefardeboda 10 welze meti vadiT

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, TavisTavad ar iyo sakmarisi misi dapatimrebisTvis, radgan 152-e muxlis

meore punqtis Tanaxmad, unda arsebuliyo damatebiTi piroba – mis mier gaqcevis an sxva

danaSaulis Cadenis saSiSroeba (ix. punqti 30 qvemoT). garda amisa, winaswari patimroba

SerCeul iqna momCivanis pirovnebis safuZvelze imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom is iyo erovnuli

asambleis wevri, aseTi safuZveli ki ar iyo miTiTebuli 147-e muxlis pirvel punqtSi,

romelic amomwurav CamonaTvals Seicavda (ix. punqti 29 qvemoT).

13.

1992 wlis 13 ivlisis sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelsac eswreboda prokurori, magram ar

eswreboda arc momCivani da arc misi advokati, advokatis saCivris dakmayofilebaze uzenaesma

sasamarTlom uari Tqva. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba Semdegnairad iyo motivirebuli:

"sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 152-e muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad,

eWvmitanils SeiZleba aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT Seefardos winaswari patimroba, Tu

danaSauli, romelSic mas brali edeba, iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 10 wlis an meti

vadiT an sikvdiliT dasjas. 203-e muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulisTvis

swored aseTi sasjelia dadgenili...

garda amisa, momCivanma sasamarTlo wesiT gaasaCivra administraciuli xasiaTis

RonisZieba, rac gamoiwvevda misTvis diplomatiuri pasportis CamorTmevas ... TviTon is faqti,

rom momCivani ase moiqca, iZleva sakmaris safuZvels safrTxisa, rom igi ar Seikavebs Tavs 152-

e muxlis me-2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebebis Cadenisgan...”

14.

1992 wlis 23 agvistos momCivani daawvines sofias sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebis

saavadmyofoSi, sadac man gaiara mkurnaloba.

15. 1992 wlis 4 seqtembers momCivanma, miuTiTa ra janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauaresebaze,

generalur prokurors SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

16.

1992 wlis 5 seqtembers misma advokatma uzenaes sasamarTloSi gaasaCivra generaluri

prokuroris 1992 wlis 4 seqtembris uari Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze.

1992 wlis 17 seqtembers uzenaesma sasamarTlom uari Tqva saCivris dakmayofilebaze im

motiviT, rom momCivanma erTxel ukve gaasaCivra dakavebis kanoniereba da, bulgareTis

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, mas aRar hqonda saCivris xelaxla Setanis ufleba.

2

17.

amis Semdgom momCivanis advokatma momCivanis gaTavisuflebis Taobaze SuamdgomlobiT

mimarTa prokurors.

1992 wlis 28 oqtombers prokurorisa da momCivanis da mis advokats Soris Sexvedraze

sofias samxedro hospitalSi, advokatma sTxova prokurors gaeTavisuflebina momCivani. Tavis

mxriv, momCivani acxadebda, rom misi dapatimreba mxolod im motiviT, rom man uari Tqva

pasportis Cabarebaze, uazroba iyo. mas sxva pasporti ar hqonda. arc imis saSiSroeba

arsebobda, rom xelaxla Caidenda danaSauls, radgan amis SesaZlebloba Tanamdebobrivad aRar

gaaCnda. 1992 wlis 2 noembers prokurorma momCivanis moTxovna gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb ar

daakmayofila.

18.

1992 wlis 9 noembris werilSi momCivanis advokati generalur prokurors sTxovda

gamoZiebis Sewyvetas. is uTiTebda, rom gamoZieba daiwyo 1992 wlis 8 ivliss da, kanoniT

dadgenili orTviani vadis gasvlis Semdeg, kidev gagrZelda 2 TviT 1992 wlis 8 noembramde.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 222-e muxlis me-3 punqtis mixedviT, gamoZieba

SeiZleba gagrZelebuliyo mxolod “gamonaklis” SemTxvevebSi, rasac momCivanis SemTxveva ar

miekuTvneboda. gamoZiebis dawyebidan oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi arc generalur prokurors

moupovebia raime axali mtkicebuleba.

19.

1992 wlis 10 noembers momCivanis advokatma generaluri prokuroris winaSe daayena

Suamdgomloba momCivanis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, sadac, inter alia, naTqvami iyo, rom winaswari

patimrobis gagrZeleba ewinaaRmdegeboda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqts da rom winaswari

patimrobis safuZvlad araferi iqna miTiTebuli, rac ewinaaRmdegeboda me-5 muxlis pirveli

punqtis (c) qvepunqts.

20. 1992 wlis 11 noembers generalurma prokurorma momCivanis advokats zepirad acnoba, rom

misi Suamdgomloba ar dakmayofilda im motiviT, rom ar arsebobs raime axali garemoeba,

romelic gamoiwvevda dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis Secvlas.

21.

1992 wlis 18 noembris werilSi generaluri prokuroris mimarT momCivani uTiTebda

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 180-e muxlze da acxadebda, rom generalurma

prokurorma mas pasuxi ar acnoba werilobiTi saxiT. igi amtkicebda, rom mis winaaRmdeg

aRZruli saqme usafuZvlo iyo da warmoadgenda politikur represias.

23.

1992 wlis 29 dekembers bulgareTis erovnulma krebam Secvala 1992 wlis 7 ivlisis

gadawyvetileba momCivanis dapatimrebis nebarTvis Taobaze. 1992 wlis 30 dekembers

prokurorma gamoitana dadgenileba momCivanis giraoTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

24.

1994 wlis 12 marts sofias saqalaqo sasamarTlom momCivans miakuTvna kompensacia im

aramaterialuri zianisTvis, romelic mas miadga ukanono brZanebis safuZvelze sasazRvro

policiis mier misTvis pasportis CamorTmevis mcdelobisas. es gadawyvetileba ZalaSi datova

uzenaesma sasamarTlom 1995 wlis 9 Tebervlis gadawyvetilebiT.

II. Sesabamisi Sida kanonmdebloba

3

A. 1968 wlis bulgareTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi iyo winamdebare

movlenebis dros

25.

kodeqsis 201-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo an kerZo saxsrebis aramiznobrivi xarjva im

saxelmwifo moxeleTa mier, romelTac gaaCniaT maTi gankargvis ufleba samsaxurebrivi

movaleobebidan gamomdinare an romelTac es saxsrebi andes Senaxvis an gankargvis mizniT,

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT 8 wlamde. Tu Cadenilia sxva danaSauli aramiznobrivi

xarjvisTvis xelSewyobis mizniT an Tu zemoaRniSnuli qmedeba Cadenilia TanamonawileobiT,

sasjeli SeiZleba ganisazRvros erTidan 10 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT (muxli 202).

Tu 201-e an 202-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebi exeba gansakuTrebiT didi

odenobiT saxelmwifo Tanxebs da mZime danaSaulebs warmoadgens, 203-e muxlis pirveli punqti

iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 10-dan 30 wlamde vadiT.

26.

rogorc momCivanis advokatisa da mTavrobis warmomadgenlis mier erToblivad

mowodebuli masalebidan Cans, uzenaesi sasamarTlos im periodis praqtikis Tanaxmad, 201-e

muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlobis erT-erTi elementia is, rom misi Camdeni

aRniSnul saxsrebs unda gankargavdes rogorc sakuTars, TavisTvis an mesame pirisTvis

sargeblis miRebis mizniT.

mTavrobis gancxadebiT, im periodisTvis ar yofila iseTi precedenti, rom mTavrobis wevri

gaesamarTlebinaT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 201-e da 203-e muxlebis safuZvelze,

mTavrobis mier koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi am piris monawileobis gamo.

28. 282-e muxlis Tanaxmad:

"(1) saxelmwifo moxele, romelic ar asrulebs masze dakisrebul movaleobas an borotad

iyenebs uflebamosilebas Tavis an mesame piris sasargeblod materialuri sikeTis miRebis an

sxvebisTvis zianis miyenebis mizniT, Tu ziani ar aris mniSvnelovani, isjeba Tavisuflebis

aRkveTiT vadiT 5 wlamde...

(2) igive qmedeba, ramac gamoiwvia mniSvnelovani ziani an Cadenilia zemdgomi

administraciuli Tanamdebobis piris mier, isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT rva wlamde...

(3) igive qmedeba, Tu igi warmoadgens gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauls, isjeba Tavisuflebis

aRkveTiT vadiT samidan aT wlamde...”

B. 1974 wlis noembris bulgareTis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic im

periodisTvis ZalaSi iyo

30. 152-e muxlis mixedviT:

4

"(1) piri SeiZleba daapatimron, Tu mas brali edeba iseTi danaSaulis CadenaSi,

romlisTvisac sasjelis saxiT SeiZleba dainiSnos 10 an meti wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa an

sikvdiliT dasja.

(2) pirvel punqtSi aRniSnuli RonisZiebis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba, Tu ar arsebobs imis

safrTxe, rom braldebuli gaiqceva an Caidens axal danaSauls.

(4) dapatimrebuls SeuZlia dauyovnebliv Seitanos sasamarTloSi saCivari dapatimrebis

kanonierebasTan dakavSirebiT. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas iRebs sami dRis vadaSi. miRebuli

gadawyvetileba ar gasaCivrdeba. "

saqmis warmoeba komisiaSi

Tavis 1996 wlis 16 ianvris moxsenebaSi, komisiam gamoTqva erTsulovani mosazreba, rom

darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti da rom me-18 muxlTan dakavSirebiT sxva sakiTxi ar

warmoiSveba.

samarTlebrivi mxare

II. konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudo darRveva

36. momCivanma ganacxada, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti, romlis Tanaxmad:

"..."

37.

momCivanma, romelsac komisiac daeTanxma, gamoTqva mosazreba, rom misi dakavebisa da

winaswari patimrobis dros mis sawinaaRmdegod moyvanili faqtebi (ix. punqtebi 9, 11 da 13

zemoT), obieqturi mesame piris TvalSi ar SeiZleboda aRqmuliyo Tanxebis aramiznobriv

xarjvad an am danaSaulis xelSewyobis mizniT uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebad.

Sesabamisad, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis gagebiT, ar arsebula “danaSaulis

Cadenis Sesaxeb safuZvliani eWvi”. arc misi patimroba SeiZleba “safuZvlianad CaiTvalos mis

mier danaSaulis aucileblad Cadenis an Cadenis Semdeg gaqcevis aRsakveTad”.

am garemoebebSi, komisiam aRar CaTvala saWirod imis ganxilva, iyo Tu ara dakaveba

“kanonieri” Sida kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.

Tavis mxriv, momCivanma aRniSna, rom is gadawyvetilebebi, rac SemdgomSi safuZvlad daedo

misTvis bralis wayenebas da mis dapatimrebas, Zvelma mTavrobam miiRo imdroindeli

kanonmdeblobis, maT Soris bulgareTis konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT;

aRniSnuli Tanxebis ganawileba moxda erovnuli asambleis mier damtkicebuli saxelmwifo

biujetis Sesabamisad. aRniSnuli Tanxebis mikuTvneba moxda ara marto saxelmwifo politikis

kursis, aramed ganviTarebis mxardaWeris Sesaxeb gaeros rezoluciebis Sesabamisad. am

Tanxebidan sargebeli ar miuRia arc mTavrobis wevrebs da arc sxva mesame pirebs; es Tanxebi

sruli moculobiT miiRes adresatma qveynebma.

5

38. mTavrobam komisias ganucxada, rom momCivanis dakaveba moxda mis mier danaSaulis CadenaSi

eWvis safuZvelze da bulgareTis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. marTalia, ganviTarebis damxmare

Tanxebis mikuTvneba, rogorc aseTi, ar warmoadgenda danaSauls, bralis wayeneba moxda imis

gamo, rom Tanxebis gadaricxva, ganviTarebadi qveynebis daxmarebis niRbiT, Seicavda ukanono

“garigebebs”, rac zians ayenebda bulgareTis ekonomikur interesebs. mTavrobam ver SeZlo aseTi

“garigebebis” Sesaxeb detaluri informaciis miwodeba, radgan es uaryofiTad imoqmedebda

momCivanisa

da

yofili

mTavrobis

sxva

rva

wevris

mimarT

aRZruli

saqmeebis

konfidencialurobaze.

sasamarTlos winaSe mTavrobam ganacxada, rom igi mzad iyo gaeziarebina komisiis mosazreba,

rom darRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti, magram amasTanave sasamarTlos gaacno

generaluri prokuroris – xelisuflebis im warmomadgenlis mosazrebebi, romelmac gamoitana

gadawyvetileba momCivanis dapatimrebis Sesaxeb (ix. punqti 11 zemoT). am TvalsazrisiT,

mTavrobam ganacxada, rom mis kompetencias aRemateboda am saqmeSi prokuraturisa da uzenaesi

sasamarTlos mier miRebuli zomebis Sefaseba, radgan,

konstituciis mixedviT, isini

damoukidebel sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organoebs warmoadgens.

39. generalurma prokurorma momCivanis moTxovnebis Sesaxeb gamoTqva Semdegi mosazrebebi.

bulgareTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, Tanxebis aramiznobrivi xarjvis danaSaulis

Semadgenlobis mTavari elementia is, rom piri sxvis qonebas iyenebs, rogorc Tavisas da amiT

laxavs mesakuTris interesebs; gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, mas sargeblis miReba

undoda TavisTvis, Tu mesame pirisTvis (ix. punqti 26 zemoT). garda amisa, saxelmwifo

organos wevrebs SeiZleba brali waeyenoT maTi erToblivi gadawyvetilebebisa da moqmedebebis

gamo, Tu maT ganzrax Caidines iseTi qmedebebi, romlebic uTanabrdeba aRniSnul danaSauls. am

konkretul SemTxvevaSi, radgan koleqtiurma gadawyvetilebam gamoiwvia ekonomikuri ziani,

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi aRiZra gadawyvetilebis mimRebi organos yvela wevris mimarT.

prokuroris azriT, aRniSnuli Tanxebi ukanonod daixarja, radgan ar arsebobda informacia

imis Sesaxeb, moxvda Tu ara es Tanxebi biujetis xarjviT nawilSi.

im droisTvis generalur prokurors ar SeeZlo imis dadgena, iyo Tu ara qmedeba ganzrax

Cadenili. misi azriT, arsebuli garemoebebisa da saqmis sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT, amis

dadgena SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod winaswari gamoZiebis CatarebiT.

marTalia, momCivanis dapatimrebis brZanebaSi amis Taobaze pirdapir ar aris naTqvami,

magram is miRebul iqna momCivanis pirovnebisa da Cadenili danaSaulis simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT

(ix. punqtebi 9 da 11 zemoT). farTo samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mas

advilad SeeZlo gaqceva an axali danaSaulis Cadena. amitom misi sazogadoebrivi mdgomareoba,

uamravi kavSiri sazRvargareT da misi ganmeorebiTi moTxovna xelisuflebas daebrunebina

misTvis pasporti, iyo is garemoebebi, ramac ganapiroba misi dapatimreba. rogorc uzenaesma

sasamarTlom aRniSna, TviTon im faqtma, rom momCivanma gaasaCivra misTvis pasportis

CamorTmevis gadawyvetileba, warmoSva samarTliani eWvi, rom mas SeeZlo Caedina axali

6

danaSauli, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 152-e

muxlis me-2 punqtiT (ix. punqti 13 zemoT).

generaluri prokuroris azriT, patimroba SerCeul iqna Sida kanonmdeblobis, maT Soris

bulgareTis konstituciis Sesabamisad da sruliad Seesabameboda konvenciis me-5 muxlis

pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqts.

40.

sasamarTlo Tavidanve SeniSnavs, rom misi iurisdiqcia vrceldeba sasarCelo gancxadebaSi

aRniSnul mxolod im faqtebisa da garemoebebis Sefasebaze, romlebsac adgili hqonda 1992

wlis 7 seqtembris Semdeg, e.i. mas Semdeg, rac bulgareTma moaxdina konvenciis ratificireba

da aRiara sasamarTlos savaldebulo iurisdiqcia. amitom sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs

samarTalwarmoebis im mdgomareobas, romelic arsebobda 1992 wlis 7 seqtembrisTvis (ix.,

magaliTad, 1994 wlis 23 seqtembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Hokkanen v. Finland judgment,

Series A no. 299-A, gv. 19, punqti53; da 1995 wlis 8 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Yagci and

Sargin v. Turkey, Series A no. 319-A, gv. 16, punqti 40); kerZod, rom dapatimrebis safuZvlebi,

romlebic miTiTebuli iyo 9 ivlisis brZanebaSi da misi ZalaSi damtovebeli uzenaesi

sasamarTlos 13 ivlisis gadawyvetilebaSi, igive darCa 1992 wlis 30 dekembers mis

gaTavisuflebamde. es faqti davis sagani ar gamxdara.

rac Seexeba mTavrobis SeniSvnas im organoebis damoukideblobasTan dakavSirebiT,

romlebmac miiRes momCivanis mier konvenciis safuZvelze gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebebi (ix.

punqti 38 zemoT), unda aRiniSnos, rom, konvenciis Tanaxmad, mTavroba isevea pasuxismgebeli am

organoebis qmedebebze, rogorc sxva saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis qmedebaze. am sasamarTlos

winaSe arsebuli yvela saqme exeba saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso pasuxismgeblobas (ix., mutatis

mutandis, 1982 wlis 10 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Foti and Others v. Italy, Series A no. 56,

gv. 21, punqti 63). miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavroba daeTanxma komisiis mosazrebas, rom

darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti, sasamarTlo saWirod miiCnevs am sakiTxis

gamokvlevas.

41.

konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti Seicavs Tavisuflebis aRkveTis safuZvlebis

amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelic viwrod unda ganimartos (ix., magaliTad, 1989 wlis 22

Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Ciulla v. Italy, Series A no. 148, gv. 18, punqti 41).

sasamarTlos azriT, mocemul saqmeze ZiriTadi sakiTxi aris Semdegi: iyo Tu ara momCivanis

patimroba 1992 wlis 7 seqtembridan 30 dekembramde “kanonieri” me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis

gagebiT, agreTve, ganxorcielda Tu ara dapatimreba “kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad”.

sasamarTlo ganmeorebiT aRniSnavs, rom konvencia am nawilSi miuTiTebs Sida kanonmdeblobaze,

magram, amasTan erTad, aucilebelia, rom pirisTvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis nebismieri zoma

SesabamisobaSi iyos me-5 muxlis mizanTan – pirovneba daculi iqnes TviTnebobisgan (ix.,

magaliTad, 1986 wlis 18 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Bozano v. France, Series A no. 111,

gv. 23, punqti 54; da 1996 wlis 10 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Benham v. the United

Kingdom, Reports 1996-III, gv. 752, punqti 40).

7

rodesac konvencia pirdapir uTiTebs Sida kanonmdeblobaze, rogorc, magaliTad, me-5

muxlSi, Sida kanonmdeblobis normebis dacva xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoTa valdebulebis

ganuyofeli nawilia; Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Seafasos, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,

dacul iqna Tu ara Sida kanonmdeblobis normebi (muxli 19); Tumca am TvalsazrisiT misi

kompetencia SezRudulia, gamomdinare dacvis evropuli sistemis logikidan, radgan Sida

kanonmdeblobis interpretacia da gamoyeneba pirvel rigSi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi organoebis,

kerZod ki sasamarTloebis kompetenciaa (ix. inter alia, zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba Bozano-s

saqmeze, gv. 25, punqti 58; agreTve, 1994 wlis 24 noembris gadawyvetileba (#3) saqmeze -

Kemmache v. France, Series A no. 296-C, gv. 88, punqti 42).

42. rac Seexeba winamdebare saqmis konkretul garemoebebs, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom udavoa,

rom momCivanma, romelic iyo bulgareTis mTavrobis wevri, monawileoba miiRo zogierTi

ganviTarebadi qveynisTvis daxmarebis gawevisa da sesxebis gacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis

miRebaSi, ramac gamoiwvia misTvis bralis wayeneba.

43.

magram dakavebis mizanSewonilobis dasasabuTeblad miTiTebuli sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis arc erTi debuleba – muxlebi 201-203, 219 da 282 – ar adgens da arc gulisxmobs,

rom am xasiaTis koleqtiur gadawyvetilebebSi monawileobisaTvis vinme SeiZleba sisxlis

samarTlis wesiT daisajos. garda amisa, warmodgenili ar yofila raime mtkicebuleba, rom es

gadawyvetileba iyo ukanono anu bulgareTis konstituciisa da kanonmdeblobis sawinaaRmdego

anda, ufro konkretulad, rom gadawyvetileba miRebuli iyo uflebamosilebis gadametebiT an

ewinaaRmdegeboda saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb kanons.

zemoxsenebuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo ar eTanxmeba im mosazrebas, rom

qmedeba, risTvisac momCivanis winaaRmdeg aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme, Sesabamisi droisTvis

warmoadgenda danaSauls bulgareTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.

44. garda amisa, prokuroris 1992 wlis 9 ivlisis brZaneba dapatimrebis Sesaxeb da uzenaesi

sasamarTlos 13 ivlisis gadawyvetileba, romliTac es brZaneba ZalaSi iqna datovebuli,

uTiTebdnen sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 201-e da 203-e muxlebze (ix. punqtebi 13 da 25

zemoT). rogorc sasamarTlosTvis mxareebis mier miwodebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis

masalebidan Cans, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 201-203-e muxlebis mixedviT, aramiznobrivi

xarjvis ZiriTadi Semadgeneli elementi iyo is, rom pirs sargeblis mopoveba surda TavisTvis

an sxva mesame pirisTvis (ix. punqti 26 zemoT). 9 ivlisis brZaneba uTiTebda damatebiT 282-e

muxlze, romelic pirdapir iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifo moxelis mier samsaxurebrivi

uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebas sargeblis miRebis mizniT (ix. punqtebi 9 da 28 zemoT).

magram sasamarTlos winaSe ar yofila warmodgenili raime iseTi faqti an informacia,

romelic daadasturebda, rom im periodSi momCivanis mimarT arsebobda safuZvliani eWvi, rom

mas surda TavisTvis an sxvisTvis raime sargeblis miReba aRniSnuli Tanxebis ganawilebis

Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobis gziT (ix., magaliTad, 1994 wlis 28 oqtombris

gadawyvetileba saqmeze - Murray v. the United Kingdom, Series A no. 300-A, gv. 25, punqti. 51).

amasTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom mTavrobis gancxadeba, rom adgili hqonda garkveul

garigebebs, komisiam dausabuTeblad miiCnia da es gancxadeba sasamarTlos winaSe ar

8

ganmeorebula. marTlac, konvenciis organoebis winaSe sadavo ar gamxdara is faqti, rom

adresatma saxelmwifoebma namdvilad miiRes aRniSnuli Tanxebi.

45.

aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos ar miaCnia, rom miTiTebuli periodis ganmavlobaSi

momCivanis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa moxda “kanonierad” da “danaSaulis CadenaSi safuZvliani eWvis

safuZvelze”.

midis ra am daskvnamde, sasamarTlos saWirod aRar miaCnia imis ganxilva, aucilebeli iyo

Tu ara momCivanis dakaveba mis mier axali danaSaulis Cadenis an Cadenis Semdeg gaqcevis

aRsakveTad.

46. Sesabamisad, darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze sasamarTlo erTsulovnad

1. acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti;

2. acxadebs, rom konvenciis me-18 muxlis safuZvelze raime calke sakiTxi ar warmoiSveba;

3. acxadebs, rom

(a)

mopasuxe saxelmwifom momCivanis qvrivsa da or Svils sami Tvis vadaSi unda

gadauxados qvemoT gansazRvruli Tanxebi gadaxdis dRes arsebuli kursiT bulgarul levebSi:

(i) 40 000 franguli franki aramaterialuri zianis asanazRaureblad; da

(ii) 13 456 aSS dolari da 7 067 franguli franki xarjebis asanazRaureblad;

4. uars ambobs zianis anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebiT sxva moTxovnebis dakmayofilebaze.

9