kemaSi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg

KEMMACHE V. FRANCE

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare

9.

miSel kemaSs, safrangeTis moqalaqes, amJamad Tormeti wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa aqvs

misjili. manamde igi qalaq pantinSi cxovrobda da muSaobda erT-erTi sastumros misaRebSi. igi

nasamarTlevi iyo samjer, maT Soris erTxel miesaja xuTwliani patimroba damamZimebel

garemoebebSi Cadenili qurdobisTvis.

1. gamoZieba

(a) gamoZieba dakavSirebuli safrangeTis teritoriaze yalbi fulis Semotanasa da yalbi

banknotebis ukanono gamoyeneba-brunvaSi gaSvebasTan

10.

1981 wlis 6 ivliss klaushoferi – lixtenSteinSi mcxovrebi avstrieli moqalaqe da

Ceko – SveicariaSi mcxovrebi italieli daakaves safrangeTis qalaq nicis aeroportSi,

rodesac isini cdilobdnen yalbi amerikuli asdolarianis gadacvlas aeroportis erT-erT

bankSi. maT bargSi aRmoaCines 4500 yalbi amerikuli asdolariani da am Tanxaze orjer meti

odenobis Cekebi.

gamomZieblebi Catarebulma mokvlevam momCivanamde da espanel moqalaqe fernandesamde miiyvana,

romelTac klaushoferi da Ceko savaraudod monakoSi Sexvdnen. amitom kemaSs 1983 wlis 16

Tebervals wauyenes igive brali, rac pirvel or braldebuls da daapatimres.

11. 1984 wlis 24 Tebervals Cekom gamomZiebel mosamarTles ganucxada, rom advokatis rCeviT

da momCivanis mier misTvis fulis gadaxdis Sedegad moityua, rom momCivans ar icnobda.

mosamarTlem gamoiZaxa kemaSi

–

romelic amasobaSi gaTavisuflebuliyo sasamarTlo

zedamxedvelobis qveS – raTa daekiTxa igi 1984 wlis 13 marts. es dakiTxva 1984 wlis 20

martisTvis gadaido.

momCivani am dResac ar gamocxadda. misma erT-erTma advokatma gamomZiebel mosamarTles

ganucxada, rom momCivani ar gamocxadda avto-sagzao SemTxvevis gamo. amis sapirispirod mowmem

– fernandesma, romelic 23 marts daikiTxa, ganacxada, rom igi da momCivani qalaq nicaSi

Cavidnen 19 martis saRamos saavtomobilo gziT yovelgvari sirTulis gareSe, xolo misi

Tanamgzavri namdvilad iyo nicaSi meore dRis 5 saaTamde. ase Tu ise, kemaSi 22 marts kvlav

daapatimres.

12.

1984 wlis 29 ivniss gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem gamoitana dadgenileba ZiriTadi

danaSaulis gamoZiebis damTavrebis Sesaxeb da saqme prokuraturas gadaugzavna.

(b) gamoZieba mowmis mosyidvisa da mowmis mosyidvis mcdelobis braldebebTan dakavSirebiT

1

13.

Cekos Cvenebis safuZvelze (ix. punqti 11 zemoT), 1984 wlis 18 ivniss kemaSisa da sxva

ori pirovnebis mimarT kvlav daiwyo sasamarTlo gamoZieba mowmis mosyidvisa da mowmis

mosyidvis mcdelobis braldebebTan dakavSirebiT.

1986 wlis 20 Tebervals gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem, momCivanis dakiTxvis Semdeg, brali

wauyena mas mowmis mosyidvis mcdelobaSi. 1986 wlis 2 oqtombers mosamarTlem gamoitana

dadgenileba gamoZiebis dasrulebisa da saqmis prokuraturis organoebisTvis gadagzavnis

Sesaxeb.

2. sasamarTlo warmoeba

(a) sasamarTlo warmoeba ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT

14.

1984 wlis 28 agvistos ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatam

kemaSis mimarT gamoitana sabraldebo daskvna safrangeTis teritoriaze yalbi fulis

Semotanasa da yalbi banknotebis gamoyeneba-brunvaSi gaSvebasTan dakavSirebiT da is

gasasamarTleblad gadasca alp-maritimis sasamarTlos. momCivanma es sabraldebo daskvna

sakasacio wesiT sakasacio sasamarTloSi gaasaCivra, romelmac 1984 wlis 20 noembers

gadawyvetileba gaauqma.

15.

saqme gadaeca grenoblis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatas, romelmac 1985

wlis 7 ianvars momCivani gasasamarTleblad gadasca alp-maritimis sasamarTlos. momCivanma

iCivla sakasacio wesiT sakasacio sasamarTloSi, romelmac arasakmarisad dasabuTebulobis

mizeziT 1985 wlis 26 marts es gadawyvetilebac gaauqma.

17. saqme gadaeca lionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatas, romelmac 1985 wlis

13 agvistos kemaSi gasasamarTleblad gadasca alp-maritimis sasamarTlos da brali wauyena

yalbi ucxouri banknotebis safrangeTis teritoriaze SemotanaSi daxmarebasa da sabaJo zonaSi

maT ukanono gamoyenebaSi. 1985 wlis 29 oqtombers sakasacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila

momCivanis saCivari saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze.

18.

saqme 1986 wlis pirvel kvartalSi gansaxilvelad gadaeca alp-maritimis saapelacio

sasamarTlos, magram am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris 1986 wlis 11 martis brZanebiT ganxilva

gadaido Semdgomi sxdomisTvis, radgan momCivans amas garda brali edeboda mowmis mosyidvis

mcdelobaSi (punqti 13 zemoT) da es ori saqme erTmaneTTan iyo dakavSirebuli.

19. 1986 wlis 19 noembers safrangeTis xelisuflebam klaushoferi da Ceko droebiT gadasca

Sveicariis xelisuflebas, ucxoelTa eqstradiciis Sesaxeb 1927 wlis 10 martis kanonis me-8

muxlis Tanaxmad, SveicariaSi mimdinare mkvlelobis saqmis gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT,

romelSic es pirebi eWvmitanili iyvnen. klaushoferi, SveicariaSi 20 wliT Tavisuflebis

aRkveTis misjis Semdeg, ukan daabrunes safrangeTSi 1990 wlis 26 Tebervals. Ceko

safrangeTSi daabrunes 1988 wlis 25 ianvars im gadawyvetilebiT, rom mis winaaRmdeg saqmis

aRZvris safuZveli ar arsebobda.

2

20.

1990 wlis 12 ivniss alp-maritimis sasamarTlom momCivanisa da klaushoferis saqme

gamohyo Cekos saqmisagan. momCivanisa da klaushoferis saqmis ganxilva Semdegi sxdomisTvis

gadado. es gadawyvetileba sasamarTlom miiRo klaushoferis advokatis Suamdgomlobis

safuZvelze, romelsac momCivanis advokatebmac dauWires mxari.

21.

rodesac momCivans Seatyobines, rom mosmena Catardeboda 1990 wlis 13 da 14 dekembers

da uTxres, rom erTi dRiT adre gamocxadebuliyo qalaq nicis cixeSi, raTa daepatimrebinaT,

momCivanma 10 dekembers waradgina cnoba, rom igi imyofeboda vil-evradis specializebul

saavadmyofoSi 5 dekembridan, mas Semdeg, rac mas ramdenime dRis win Tavs daesxnen qalaq

nicaSi da fizikuri ziani miayenes. 1990 wlis 13 dekembris dadgenilebaSi alp-maritimis

sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem aRniSna, rom kemaSi ar gamocxadda daniSnulebis adgilas Cabarebis

mizniT, miuxedavad mTavari prokuroris moTxovniT 11 dekembers gakeTebuli samedicino

daskvnisa, romlis Tanaxmad kemaSis fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba xels ar uSlida sasamarTloSi

mis gamocxadebas. garda amisa, sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem brZana momCivanis saqmis gamoyofa

klaushoferis saqmisagan da ganxilva Semdegi sxdomisTvis gadado.

22.

1991 wlis 25 aprils alp-maritimis sasamarTlom momCivans – romelic xelaxla

daapatimres 1991 wlis 14 marts lionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis 1985

wlis 13 agvistos orderis safuZvelze (punqti 17 zemoT) – miusaja 11 wliT Tavisuflebis

aRkveTa da jarima 2 600 000 franguli frankis odenobiT. meore dRes kemaSma es

gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra sakasacio sasamarTloSi, sadac saqmis ganxilva jer kidev

mimdinareobs.

(b) mowmis mosyidvasTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmoeba

23.

1987 wlis 4 marts qalaq nicis gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem kemaSi da masTan erTad

braldebuli piri gasasamarTleblad gadasca nicis sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlos mowmis

mosyidvisa da mowmis mosyidvis mcdelobis braldebebiT.

1987 wlis 20 oqtombers orive gaamarTles.

B. winaswari patimroba

24.

am or zemoxsenebul samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebiT momCivani winaswar patimrobaSi

imyofeboda sul sam welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi.

1. pirveli periodi (1983 wlis 16 Tebervali – 29 marti)

25.

1983 wlis 16 Tebervals, anu im dRes, rodesac kemaSs brali wauyenes ZiriTad

danaSaulSi (ix. punqti 10 zemoT), igi winaswar patimrobaSi moaTavses qalaq nicis cixeSi.

1983 wlis 29 marts igi gaTavisuflda sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis qveS da giraoTi 500 000

frankis odenobiT. gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem 1983 wlis 25 Tebervals ar daakmayofila

momCivanis pirveli Suamdgomloba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

3

2. meore periodi (1984 wlis 22 marti – 1986 wlis 19 dekemberi)

26. 1984 wlis 22 martis dakavebis orderis Tanaxmad, momCivani daakaves safrangeTisa da

monakos sazRvarze da warudgines qalaq nicis umaRlesi instanciis sasamarTlos gamomZiebel

mosamarTles. imave dRes am mosamarTlem mas winaswari patimroba Seufarda nicis cixeSi, xolo

1984 wlis 26 marts gasca brZaneba kemaSis misTvis wardgenis Sesaxeb.

27. amis Semdeg momCivanma uamravi Suamdgomloba daayena gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT; igi

acxadebda, rom udanaSaulo iyo, amtkicebda, rom meore dakavebis orderis gamocemisTvis

araviTari axali faqtobrivi garemoeba ar arsebobda, rom ar arsebobda mis mier gaqcevis

saSiSroeba da rom is ar cdilobda gasamarTlebisagan Tavis aridebas; igi acxadebda, rom

damatebiTi giraos saxiT kidev gadaixdida Tanxas, romelsac sasamarTloebi daawesebdnen.

1984 wlis 10 maisis, 1985 wlis 13 agvistosa da 1986 wlis 28 oqtombris sxdomebze

warmodgenil saCivrebSi igi ganmartavda im mizezebs, Tu ratom ver gamocxadda 1984 wlis 20

marts (ix. punqtebi 11 da 26 zemoT). pirvel saCivarSi naTqvami iyo, rom:

“1984 wlis 20 martamde igi pirnaTlad asrulebda sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobiT dakisrebul

wesebs; 1984 wlis 18 marts igi Cavida nicaSi gamomZiebeli mosamarTlis brZanebis Sesabamisad,

romelsac igi unda daekiTxa 20 marts dRis 3 saaTze; orSabaTs, 19 marts, rodesac igi

miemgzavreboda miramasSi megobris colis sanaxavad, misi manqana gafuWda, ris gamoc igi ver

gamocxadda dakiTxvaze.”

mesame saCivarSi igi adasturebda Semdegs:

“misi manqanis teqnikuri problemebis gamo igi ver dabrunda nicaSi im ricxvSi da saaTze,

rodesac dakiTxva iyo daniSnuli...”

28. sasamarTloebma am SuamdgomlobebTan dakavSirebiT gamoitanes mTeli rigi dadgenilebebi

uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ZiriTadad im mizeziT, rom ar arsebobda sakmarisi garantia, rom momCivani

sasamarTloze gamocxaddeboda da rom erTxel man ukve scada Tavi aeridebina sasamarTlo

zedamxedvelobis valdebulebisTvis da rom arsebobda mis mier mowmeebze zemoqmedebis

saSiSroeba, rac Cekom Tavis CvenebebSi aRniSna (ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTlos

msjavrdebis palatis 1984 wlis 10 maisis gadawyvetileba ... grenoblis saapelacio

sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis 1985 wlis 23 maisisa da 18 ivnisis gadawyvetilebebi...

lionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis 1985 wlis 13 agvistos gadawyvetileba).

29. 1986 wlis 18 aprils lionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatam uari Tqva

kidev erTi Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze, romelic gacxadebuli iyo pirvel aprils da

efuZneboda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3 punqts. sasamarTlos dadgenilebaSi naTqvami iyo:

"... samarTalwarmoebis am etapze moipoveba sakmarisi mtkicebuleba imisa, rom braldebulma

Caidina danaSauli, romelSic igi eWvmitanilia; sxva sityvebiT, miuxedavad mis mier mowmis

4

mosyidva-armosyidvisa, igi iyo yalbi dolarebiT vaWrobis mTavari organizatori. am danaSaulis

Cadenam gamoiwvia sazogadoebrivi wesrigis xelyofa, romlis erT-erT mniSvnelovan aspeqts

warmoadgens ndoba, romelic fizikur pirebs, biznesmenebs, bankirebs da sxvebs fulis mimarT

unda hqondeT. amdenad, aseTi xelyofis Tavidan acilebis erTaderTi saSualeba aris damnaSavis

dapatimreba...

garda amisa, savaraudo mZime sasjelis gaTvaliswinebiT, mxolod winaswari patimrobiT

SeiZleba iqnes uzrunvelyofili damnaSavis gamocxadeba sasamarTloSi da misi, rogorc orjer

nasamarTlevi piris, dacva danaSaulebrivi cxovrebis gagrZelebisa da mowmeebze da

Tanabraldebulze zemoqmedebis ganxorcielebis cdunebisgan. aqedan gamomdinare, yalbi

banknotebiT vaWrobiT sajaro wesrigis darRvevisa da xelaxali danaSaulis Cadenis Tavidan

acilebis mizniT, agreTve braldebulis sasamarTloSi gamocxadebis uzrunvelsayofad da mis

mier mowmeebze da Tanabraldebulze zemoqmedebis aRkveTis mizniT, aucilebelia braldebuli

imyofebodes dakavebaSi...”

30. amis Semdgom kidev iqna gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi Suamdgomlobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb

(lionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis 196 wlis 5 seqtembris gadawyvetileba...

lionis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis 1986 wlis 28 oqtombris

gadawyvetileba).

1986 wlis 9 oqtombers da 6 noembers alp-maritimis sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila kidev ori

axali Suamdgomloba gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT.

31. magram 1986 wlis 8 dekembers man gamoitana dadgenileba kemaSis droebiT gaTavisuflebis

Sesaxeb sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis qveS. dadgenilebis samotivacio nawilSi aRniSnuli iyo:

"...gamoZieba dasrulda, xolo radgan masTan erTad ramdenime braldebuli eqstradiciis wesiT

gadaeca ucxo qveynebs, garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi saqme ver iqneba ganxiluli

sasamarTloSi; kemaSis mier uzrunvelyofili garantiebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom igi

gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi, da miT umetes, rom prokurorsac ar gamouTqvams winaaRmdegoba,

mocemul

garemoebebSi

mizanSewonilia

kemaSis

droebiT

gaTavisufleba

sasamarTlo

zedamxedvelobis qveS da giraos saxiT 300 000 frankis gadaxdis pirobiT...”

momCivani gaTavisuflda 19 dekembers.

3. mesame dakaveba (1990 wlis 11 wlis 11 ivnisi – 10 agvisto)

33. momCivani gamoiZaxes alp-maritimis sasamarTloSi 1990 wlis 12, 13 da 14 ivniss. 11 ivniss

is gamocxadda, raTa daekavebinaT Sesabamisi brZanebis safuZvelze.

ganxilvis gadadebisa da Cekos saqmis gamoyofis Sesaxeb 1990 wlis 12 ivnisis gadawyvetilebiT

sasamarTlom brZana misi winaswar patimrobaSi moTavseba nicis cixeSi.

5

34. momCivanma amaod ganacxada ramdenime Suamdgomloba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. bolos ki, 1990

wlis 4 ivliss, ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatam gasca misi

gaTavisuflebis nebarTva sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis qveS da giraos saxiT 800 000 frankis

gadaxdis pirobiT, romelTan dakavSirebiTac 26 ivliss sasamarTlo daTanxmda, rom girao

gadaxdiliyo droTa ganmavlobaSi rva 100 000 frankiani Senatanis saxiT.

35. kemaSma pirveli nawili 100 000 frankis odenobiT 1990 wlis 10 agvistos Seitana, xolo

meore nawili - 10 seqtembers. ramdenadac finansuri mdgomareobis gamo mas aRar SeeZlo

danarCeni nawilebis gadaxda, man 10 seqtembers ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTloSi mTavar

prokurors acnoba, rom mzad iyo patimrobaSi aeyvanaT. man es gancxadeba isev daadastura

mTavari prokurorisadmi 10 oqtombers gagzavnil werilSi.

II. Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba

A. winaswari patimroba

37. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis debulebebi winaswari patimrobis Sesaxeb:

muxli 144

“nakleb mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi, Tu minimaluri sasjeli Seadgens minimum 1 wliT

Tavisuflebis aRkveTas an Tu, sxvagvari danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi – 2 wliT Tavisuflebis

aRkveTas, da sasamarTlo zedamxedveloba ar aris sakmarisi 137-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli

miznebis misaRwevad, pirs SeiZleba Seefardos an gaugrZeldes winaswari patimroba:

1. rodesac braldebulis dapatimreba aris erTaderTi saSualeba mtkicebulebaTa an

nivTobrivi samxilis dacvis anda mowmeebze an dazaralebulebze zewolis an

braldebulsa da Tanamonawileebs Soris SeTqmulebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;

2. rodesac dapatimreba aucilebelia danaSaulis CadeniT sajaro wesrigis darRvevis

Tavidan asacileblad, braldebulis dasacavad, danaSaulis an misi ganmeorebiT Cadenis

aRsakveTad an imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom braldebuli imyofeba sasamarTlo

xelisuflebis xelSi...”

(1989 wlis 6 ivlisis kanoni aseve pirdapir adgenda, rom 144-e muxliT dadgenili wesi

gamoiyeneba “mZime” kategoriis danaSaulebis mimarTac).

saqmis warmoeba komisiaSi

40. 1990 wlis 8 ivnisisa da 3 ivlisis moxsenebebSi (muxli 31) komisiam, cameti xmiT samis

winaaRmdeg, gamoTqva azri, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti da erTsulovnad, rom

darRveulia me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

6

43. kemaSi miuTiTebda me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevaze, romlis Tanaxmad:

"..."

mTavrobam ganacxada, rom, mTlianobaSi aRebuli, dakavebis xangrZlivoba, romelzec zemoT iyo

laparaki, ar aRemateboda sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTliT dadgenil zRvars.

komisiis azriT, momCivanis patimroba, sul mcire 1984 wlis 29 ivnisidan (ix. punqti 12

zemoT) aRar efuZneboda gonivrul mizezebs.

A. vadebi, romlebic mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli

44. momCivani winaswar patimrobaSi oTx sxvadasxva periodSi imyofeboda: 1983 wlis 16

Tebervlidan 29 martamde (punqti 25 zemoT), 1984 wlis 22 martidan 1986 wlis 19

dekembramde (punqtebi 26-31 zemoT), 1990 wlis 11 ivnisidan 10 agvistomde (punqtebi 33-35

zemoT) da 1991 wlis 14 martidan 25 aprilamde (punqti 22 zemoT).

am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli mxolod pirveli da meore dakavebis vadebi,

romlebic jamSi gagrZelda ori weli, aTi Tve da 10 dRe: danarCeni dakavebebi moxda 1990

wlis 8 ivnisis Semdeg, anu im TariRis Semdeg, rodesac komisiam gamoaqveyna Tavisi moxseneba

me-5 muxlis me-3 punqtis savaraudo darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT da ris gamoc es dakavebebi

warmoadgens amJamad ganxilvis periodSi myofi sasarCelo gancxadebebis sagans.

B. iyo Tu ara gonivruli dakavebis ori aRniSnuli periodi

45. pirvel rigSi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivma sasamarTlo organoebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom

braldebulis winaswari dakavebis vada ar cdebodes gonivrulobis farglebs. am mizniT maT

unda gamoikvlion yvela is garemoeba, romelic amarTlebs an ar amarTlebs sazogadoebriv

interess, romelic, udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principis gaTvaliswinebis miuxedavad,

ganapirobebs pirovnebis Tavisuflebis pativiscemis wesidan gadaxvevas; Sidasaxelmwifoebrivma

sasamarTlo organoebma, maT mier gaTavisuflebis Suamdgomlobaze gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas,

gadawyvetilebaSi unda aRniSnon yvela es garemoeba. faqtobrivad imas, dairRva Tu ara me-5

muxlis me-3 punqti, sasamarTlo daadgens am gadawyvetilebebSi sasamarTloebis mier aRniSnuli

mizezebisa da momCivanis mier moyvanili namdvili faqtebis safuZvelze (ix. 1991 wlis 26

ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze Letellier v. France, Series A no. 207, gv. 18, punqti 35).

Tu dapatimreba ganxorcielda gonivruli eWvis safuZvelze, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli, maSin

am eWvis mudmivad qona aucilebeli da gardauvali pirobaa patimrobis vadis

gaxangrZlivebisaTvis, magram garkveuli drois Semdeg mxolod es sakmarisi aRar aris; amitom

sasamarTlom unda gamoarkvios, Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sasamarTloebis mier miTiTebuli sxva

safuZvlebi amarTlebda Tu ara Tavisuflebis aRkveTas. Tu es safuZvlebi iyo “marTebuli” da

“sakmarisi”, sasamarTlom aseve unda gamoarkvios, kompetenturma sasamarTlo organoebma

samarTalwarmoebis procesSi gamoiCines Tu ara “gansakuTrebuli gulisxmiereba” (iqve, gv. 18,

punqti 35).

7

1. pirveli periodi

46. patimrobis pirveli periodi 1983 wlis 16 Tebervals daiwyo da dasrulda 29 marts,

daaxloebiT eqvsi kviris Semdeg. kemaSi amtkicebda, rom es dakaveba gamarTlebuli ar iyo da,

sxva garemoebebTan erTad, uTiTebda misi gaTavisuflebis siswrafeze.

mTavrobis azriT, gamomZiebel mosamarTles esaWiroeboda garkveuli, ukanono SeTqmulebis an

zewolisgan Tavisufali vada, raTa Caetarebina winaswari gamoZieba da procesis mxareebi

erTmaneTisTvis daepirispirebina samarTalwarmoebis gadamwyvet etapze. garda amisa,

mosamarTlem momCivani gaaTavisufla sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis qveS da saTanado odenobis

giraos gadaxdis Semdeg, rac dadginda danaSaulebis simZimisa da braldebulis gaqcevis

SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

komisiam mxolod is aRniSna, rom momCivanma aRniSnuli pirobebi daakmayofila.

47. sasamarTlos azriT, danaSaulebis, romelSic momCivans brali edeboda, simZimisa da

gamoZiebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRniSnuli patimroba SeiZleba miCneul iyos

gamarTlebulad.

2. meore periodi

48. patimrobis meore periodi, romelzec sasamarTlo imsjelebs, gagrZelda 1984 wlis 22

martidan 1986 wlis 19 dekembramde, daaxloebiT ori weli da cxra Tve.

gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb kemaSis Suamdgomlobebze uaris Tqmisas Sida sasamarTloebma oTxi

ZiriTadi argumenti moiyvanes: danaSaulTa simZime da am danaSaulebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli

sasjelebis zoma; sazogadoebrivi wesrigis moTxovnebi; mowmeebze da Tanabraldebulze

zemoqmedebis Tavidan acileba; da momCivanis gaqcevis Tavidan acileba.

(a) danaSaulTa simZime da am danaSaulebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelebis zoma

49. mTavrobam xazi gausva im danaSaulTa simZimes, romelTa CadenaSic kemaSs brali edeboda da

am danaSaulebisTvis gaTvaliswinebul sasjelis zomas: igi gaasamarTles safrangeTSi yalbi

banknotebis Semotanisa da gamoyenebis da maT ukanono mimoqcevaSi gaSvebis braldebebiT. am

danaSaulebisTvis SeiZleba daniSnuliyo samudamo patimroba.

momCivanis mtkicebiT, meore mxriv, am ori faqtoris mxedvelobaSi miReba ewinaaRmdegeba

udanaSaulobis prezumfcias.

50. Sesabamisi piris braleulobis Sesaxeb mudmivi da myari eWvis qona udavod warmoadgens

mxedvelobaSi misaReb faqtors, magram sasamarTlos, iseve rogorc komisias, miaCnia, rom

TavisTavad mxolod es faqtori ar amarTlebs xangrZlivi periodiT piris winaswar

patimrobaSi yofnas (ix. punqti 45 zemoT).

(b) sazogadoebrivi wesrigis moTxovnebi

8

51. garda ez-an-provansis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatis 1984 wlis 24 ivlisis

gadawyvetilebisa (punqti 28 zemoT) da alp-maritimis sasamarTlos 1986 wlis 9 oqtombrisa

da 6 noembris gadawyvetilebebisa (punqti 30 zemoT), saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTloebi, Tumc

sxvadasxva formiT, daJinebiT aRniSnavdnen sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis aucileblobas im

danaSaulebiT gamowveuli xelyofisgan, romlebSic kemaSs brali edeboda.

mTavrobam am arguments mxari dauWira, rasac momCivani ar daeTanxma.

komisiis azriT, am xelyofis safrTxe, romelSic igulisxmeba sazogadoebrivi azris aRSfoTeba

eWvmitanilis gaTavisuflebis Sedegad, ar SeiZleba TavisTavad gamomdinareobdes mxolod

danaSaulis simZimidan an pirisTvis wayenebuli bralidan.

52. sasamarTlo iziarebs mosazrebas, rom gansakuTrebuli simZimisa da maTdami sazogadoebis

damokidebulebis gamo zogierTma danaSaulma SeiZleba gamoiwvios sazogadoebis aRSfoTeba, rac

gaamarTlebs winaswari patimrobis Sefardebas garkveuli droiT mainc. amitom gamonaklis

SemTxvevebSi es faqtori SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli konvenciis miznebisTvis,

ramdenadac Sida kanonmdebloba – safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 144-e

muxlis msgavsad – aRiarebs danaSauliT gamowveuli sazogadoebrivi wesrigis xelyofis cnebas.

magram es safuZveli marTebulad da sakmarisad CaiTvleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is

efuZneba faqtebs, romlebic aCvenebs, rom braldebulis gaTavisuflebiT SeiZleba dairRves

sazogadoebrivi wesrigi. amasTan, patimroba gamarTlebulad CaiTvleba mxolod manam, sanam

sazogadoebriv wesrigs safrTxe marTlac emuqreba; is ar SeiZleba gagrZeldes im varaudis

gamo, rom pirs momavalSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTas Seufardeben (ix. zemoxsenebuli

gadawyvetileba Letellier v. France saqmeze, Series A, #. 207, gv. 21, punqti 51).

am SemTxvevaSi es pirobebi ar iyo dakmayofilebuli. msjavrdebis palatebi Tavisuflebis

aRkveTis aucileblobis daskvnamde mividnen mxolod abstraqtuli msjelobis safuZvelze da

gaiTvaliswines mxolod danaSaulis simZime (ix., mutatis mutandis, igive gadawyvetileba, gv. 21,

punqti 51). sxva sasamarTlo organoebma miuTiTes “ndobaze, romelic fizikur pirebs,

biznesmenebs, bankirebsa da sxvebs unda hqondeT fulis mimarT” (ix. punqtebi 29-30 zemoT),

riTac TavianTi argumentacia SezRudes mxolod savaraudod Cadenili danaSaulebis SedegebiT.

(c) mowmeebze da Tanabraldebulze zemoqmedebis safrTxe

53. mTavrobis Tanaxmad, Cekos mier gamJRavnebuli axali faqtebi amarTlebda momCivanis

dakavebas: es faqtebi iZleoda im varaudis safuZvels, rom momCivani mowmeebsa da

Tanabraldebulze zewolas moaxdenda. momCivani gaTavisuflda, rogorc ki es safrTxe

dasrulda anu rodesac damTavrda “nakleb mZime” danaSaulis gamoZieba.

momCivanma ganacxada, rom igi sami wlis ganmavlobaSi dapatimrebuli iyo TanabraldebulebTan –

klaushoferTan da CekosTan erTad erTsa da imave cixeSi.

9

komisiis azriT, SeTqmulebis da mtkicebulebaTa ganadgurebis safrTxe realuri iyo gamoZiebis

dasawyisSi, magram mas Semdeg, rac mowmeebi mravalgzis daikiTxnen, es safrTxe gadamwyveti

mniSvnelobis aRar iyo.

54. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom 1984 wlis 22 martis dakavebis orderi gaica ZiriTadi

danaSaulis Taobaze mimdinare warmoebasTan dakavSirebiT; orderi ar gacemula mowmis

mosyidvis Taobaze mimdinare samarTalwarmoebis gamo. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom 1984 wlis 29

ivnisis Semdeg (punqti 12 zemoT) – e.i. rodesac gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem daasrula ZiriTad

danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli gamoZieba – aRniSnuli safrTxe warsuls Cabarda da aRar

gamodgeboda patimrobis gasamarTleblad.

(d) momCivanis mimalvis safrTxe

55.

mTavrobis azriT, arsebobda safrTxe, rom momCivani miimaleboda. sasamarTlo

zedamxedvelobis qveS gaTavisuflebis Semdeg kemaSma ar Seasrula masze dakisrebuli garkveuli

valdebulebebi, kerZod, is orjer, 1984 wlis 13 da 20 marts, dausabuTeblad ar gamocxadda

gamomZiebel mosamarTlesTan.

momCivanma aRniSna, rom 13 martisTvis daniSnuli sxdoma 20 martisTvis (ix. punqti 11 zemoT);

misi TqmiT, mas gaufuWda manqana, ris gamoc ver SeZlo sasamarTloSi gamocxadeba aRniSnul

dRes. amasTan aRniSna, rom ramdenime saaTis Semdeg misi advokati misi TandaswrebiT telefoniT

daukavSirda gamomZiebel mosamarTles, romelmac upasuxa, rom momCivanis dabarebas mogvianebiT,

sxva dros apirebda.

komisiis azriT, ar SeiZleba avtomaturad CaiTvalos, rom arsebobda damnaSavis gaqcevis

safrTxe, xolo sasamarTloebis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi am TvalsazrisiT sakmarisi

argumentacia ar aris moyvanili, radgan iq miTiTebuli ar aris mcire garemoebac ki, romelic

am safrTxis arsebobas daadasturebda.

56. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom momCivanis sam SuamdgomlobaSi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb (ix.

punqti 27 zemoT) man ganmarta, Tu ratom ver SeZlo 20 marts gamocxadeba. Tumca, ez-an-

provansis saapelacio sasamarTlos msjavrdebis palatam Tavis 1984 wlis 10 maisis

gadawyvetilebaSi aRniSna:

"... SemowmebiT dadginda, Tu ra pirobebSi gaatara kemaSma 1984 wlis 19, 20 da 21 marti,

kerZod fernandesis Cveneba, romelic kemaSis gverdiT iyo am sami dRis ganmavlobaSi, araTu

adasturebs, aramed ewinaaRmdegeba mis gancxadebas, TiTqos igi miemgzavreboda miramasSi da

gzaze gauTvaliswinebeli teqnikuri problema warmoeSva” (ix. punqti 28 zemoT).

warmodgenili dokumentebidan Cans, rom kemaSi marTlac qalaq nicaSi iyo im dRes, rodesac

gamomZiebel mosamarTlesTan unda gamocxadebuliyo da mis manqanas am dros teqnikuri

problemebi ar hqonia (ix. punqti 11 zemoT). aqedan gamomdinare, aRniSnul sasamarTloebs

hqondaT safuZveli evaraudaT, rom momCivans SesaZloa Tavi aeridebina sasamarTlosTvis. magram

sasamarTloebs mimalvis safrTxe aRar uxsenebiaT 1986 wlis 18 aprilis Semdeg; amitom, am

TariRis Semdeg mainc, patimroba mimalvis safrTxis motiviT gamarTlebuli ar iyo.

10

(e) daskvna

57. am mosazrebaTa gamo sasamarTlo askvnis, rom dairRva me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti, ramdenadac

patimroba 1986 wlis 19 dekembramde gagrZelda.

II. me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudo darRveva

58. saCivarSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom momCivanis mimarT mimdinare sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis

periodi aRemateboda gonivrul vadas me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis gagebiT, romlis Tanaxmad:

"..."

mTavrobam, romelsac komisiac daeTanxma, es mosazreba ar gaiziara.

A. mxedvelobaSi misaRebi periodi

59. periodi, romelic mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli, daiwyo 1983 wlis 16 Tebervals,

rodesac kemaSs brali wauyenes; es periodi jer ar damTavrebula, radgan sakasacio

sasamarTlos jer kidev ar gamoutania gadawyvetileba kemaSis saCivarze, romliTac man

gaasaCivra saolqo sasamarTlos 1991 wlis 25 aprilis gadawyvetileba (ix. punqtebi 10 da 22

zemoT). amitom, es periodi ukve rvanaxevari weli grZeldeba.

B. samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis gonivruloba

60.

samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis gonivruloba unda Sefasdes saqmis konkretuli

garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTliT dadgenili kriteriumebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rogorebicaa, kerZod, saqmis sirTule, momCivanis moqmedeba da kompetenturi

organoebis moqmedeba (ix. mraval gadawyvetilebaTa Soris, 1991 wlis 19 Tebervlis

gadawyvetileba saqmeze Manzoni v. Italy, Series A #. 195-B, gv.29, punqti 17).

samarTalwarmoebis TiToeuli etapi unda Sefasdes am kriteriumebis safuZvelze.

1. gamoZieba (1983 wlis 16 Tebervali 1984 wlis 29 ivnisi)

61.

gamomZiebelma mosamarTlem gamoZieba daasrula da saqmis masalebi gadaugzavna

prokuraturas 1984 wlis 29 ivniss, anu kemaSisTvis bralis wayenebidan Teqvsmeti Tvisa da

ori kviris Semdeg. drois es periodi am SemTxvevaSi gadaWarbebulad ar unda CaiTvalos.

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, momCivans mosamarTlis mimarT ar gamouTqvams pretenzia, rom man ar

gamoiCina jerovani yuradReba.

2. sasamarTlo warmoeba (1984 wlis 29 ivnisis Semdeg)

(a) saqmis sirTule

11

62. komisiaSi warmoebisas mTavrobam miuTiTa saqmis sirTuleze; mTavrobam aRniSna saqmeSi

monawile braldebulTa da TanamonawileTa raodenoba, danaSaulTa konkretuli iuridiuli

kvalificirebis sirTule da axali gamoZiebis dawyeba mowmeTa mosyidvasa da mowmeTa mosyidvis

mcdelobasTan dakavSirebiT. mTavrobas am sakiTxze sasamarTloSi saqmis gadacemis Semdeg

aRaraferi uTqvams.

(b) momCivanis moqmedeba

63.

mTavrobas arc is kritika gaumeorebia, romelsac igi kemaSs uyenebda sakasacio

sasamarTloSi uamravi Suamdgomlobis wardgenis gamo; komisiam es protesti dausabuTeblad

miiCnia. meore mxriv, mTavroba acxadebda, rom momCivanma orjer gaaWianura samarTalwarmoeba:

1990 wlis 12 ivniss, rodesac man mxari dauWira saqmis mosmenis gadadebas da winaaRmdegoba

gauwia misi saqmis gamoyofas klaushoferis saqmisgan; da 1990 wlis 12 dekembers, rodesac ar

gamocxadda, raTa igi sasamarTlomde erTi dRiT adre daekavebinaT.

64. sasamarTlos azriT, saqmis gaWianureba sasamarTlo organoebis brali ar aris, es Sedegad

mohyva sxdomis gadadebis gadawyvetilebas 1990 wlis 12 ivniss, romelic miRebul iqna

klaushoferis SuamdgomlobiT da kemaSis TanxmobiT da ris Sedegadac Cekos saqme calke iqna

gamoyofili (ix. punqti 20 zemoT). momCivanma Tavad gamoiwvia gaWianureba imiT, rom 1990

wlis 12 dekembers ar gamocxadda cixeSi miuxedavad imisa, rom, samedicino daskvnis Tanaxmad,

janmrTelobis mdgomareoba saolqo sasamarTloSi mis yofnas xels ar uSlida (ix. punqti 21

zemoT).

(c) sasamarTlo organoebis moqmedeba

65. mTavrobis mixedviT, sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organoebi ar arian damnaSave mocemul

saqmeze warmoebis gaWianurebaSi. warmoebis xangrZlivoba ganpirobebuli iyo ori garemoebiT:

kemaSis mimarT arsebuli warmoeba mowmis mosyidvasTan dakavSirebiT da misi Tanabraldebulis

droebiT gadacema Sveicariis xelisuflebisTvis.

i. warmoeba mowmis mosyidvasTan dakavSirebiT

66. am warmoebis gamo saolqo sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem 1986 wlis 11 marts ZiriTad

danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli saqmis ganxilva Semdegi sxdomisTvis gadado.

67. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom mowmis mosyidvasTan dakavSirebulma warmoebam, romelic Zalian

didxans gagrZelda (1984 wlis 18 ivnisidan 1987 wlis 20 oqtombramde), garkveuli gavlena

moaxdina ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT mimdinare warmoebaze, Tumca, mTavrobis mtkicebis

sapirispirod, es ar amarTlebs ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmoebis

xangrZlivobas.

ii. TanabraldebulTa gadacema Sveicariisadmi

12

68. mTavrobam aRiara, rom ZiriTadi samarTalwarmoeba sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis mzad iyo 1987

wlis 20 oqtombers. magram man aseve aRniSna, rom ori Tanabraldebuli piri – klaushoferi

da Ceko – droebiT gadaeca Sveicariis sasamarTlo organoebs 1986 wlis 19 noembers

siciliaSi Sveicarieli moqalaqis mkvlelobis saqmeze gamoZiebis xelSewyobisTvis.

aRniSnuli RonisZieba, romelic ganxorcielda ucxoelTa eqstradiciis Sesaxeb 1927 wlis 10

martis kanonis me-8 muxlis Sesabamisad, rogorc Cans, eyrdnoboda ramdenime safuZvels, kerZod:

ZiriTad danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo ganxilvis Catareba uaxloes vadaSi ar iyo

dagegmili; Sveicariis xelisuflebam valdebuleba aiRo aRniSnuli pirebi safrangeTis

xelisuflebisTvis daebrunebina mokle vadaSi; gaTvaliswinebul iqna SveicariaSi gamoZiebaSi

myofi danaSaulebis simZime da samarTalwarmoebis swrafad Catarebis aucilebloba maSin,

rodesac safrangeTSi ZiriTadi danaSaulis gamoZieba Sewyda da amgvarad mtkicebulebaTa

ganadgurebis safrTxe aRar arsebobda. Ceko nicis cixeSi dabrunda 1988 wlis 25 ianvars mas

Semdeg, rac SveicariaSi 1987 wlis 24 dekembers gamotanil iqna gadawyvetileba, rom mis

mimarT arsebuli eWvebi ar dadasturda; klaushoferi ar dabrunebula nicaSi 1990 wlis 26

Tebervlamde, anu dabrunda mas Semdeg, rac mas SveicariaSi oci wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa

miusajes.

udavoa, rom Teoriulad am pirebis adgilze aryofna ver daabrkolebda kemaSis ufro adre

gasamarTlebas. kerZod, Tu safrangeTis xelisufleba ver SeZlebda klaushoferis dabrunebas,

safrangeTis sasamarTlo organoebs SeeZloT misi saqmis gamoyofa kemaSisa da Cekos saqmisgan.

magram safrangeTis sasamarTloebi ase ar moiqcnen, radgan klaushoferis Cveneba sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeSi erT-erT mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgenda da Sesabamis pirebs metad mZime

sasjeli emuqrebodaT.

1988 wlis 23 ivniss, safrangeTis xelisuflebis moTxovnis pasuxad, Sveicariis xelisuflebam

gamoTqva survili ufro mogvianebiT daebrunebina klaushoferi misi gasamarTlebisas

warmoSobili garemoebebidan gamomdinare. 1989 wlis 23 maiss ez-an-provansis saapelacio

sasamarTlos mTavarma prokurorma iusticiis ministrs acnoba, rom braldebulis yofna

safrangeTSi aucilebeli iyo, magram “Sveicariis xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobisa da

urTierTdaxmarebis interesebidan gamomdinare ... winaaRmdegi ar [iyo] klaushoferi mogvianebiT

[daebrunebinaT], oRond araugvianes [1990 wlis] pirveli ianvrisa”. klaushoferi safrangeTSi

daabrunes 1990 wlis 26 Tebervals da, rogorc mTavrobam ganacxada, misi saqmis ganxilva

Sedga alp-maritimis sasamarTlos momdevno sxdomaze, 1990 wlis 12 ivniss.

69. amis sapirispirod momCivani acxadebda, rom Tanabraldebuli piri SveicariisTvis ar unda

gadaecaT samarTalwarmoebis dasrulebamde da sasamarTlo sxdomis Catareba SesaZlebeli iyo

1986 wlis 19 dekembramde. momCivani aseve amtkicebda, rom SeiZleboda misi saqmis gamoyofa

klaushoferis saqmisgan.

70. komisiis msgavsad, arc sasamarTlos miaCnia damajereblad argumenti, rom saqmeebis

gamoyofis SesaZleblobis ganWvreta winaswar ar SeiZleboda; agreTve unda aRiniSnos, rom alp-

maritimis sasamarTlom amgvari RonisZieba (saqmis gamoyofa) 1990 wlis 12 ivniss gamoiyena

Cekos mimarT (ix. punqti 20 zemoT). saqmis masalebi cxadyofs, rom ar arsebobda raime

13

gadaulaxavi dabrkoleba, rac xels SeuSlida 1988 wlis pirvel naxevarSi im saqmis

sasamarTlo ganxilvis Catarebas, romelic 1983 wlis 16 Tebervals daiwyo.

(d) daskvna

71. zemoxsenebul garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom me-6 muxlis pirveli

punqtiT dadgenili “gonivruli vada” am SemTxvevaSi gadacilebuli iyo.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa safuZvelze sasamarTlo erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom:

1. darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-3 punqti da me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti;

2. gadawyvetileba 50-e muxlis gamoyenebis Taobaze jerjerobiT mzad ar aris.

14