j er s i l d i d a ni i s wi na a R md eg

Jersild v. Denmark

(1994 wl i s 23 s eqt ember i , s er i a A, # 298,

amo nakr ebi )

f a qt o br i vi mxa r e

I. s aqmi s ko nkr et ul i gar emo ebebi

9. bat o ni j ens o l af j er s i l d i Jur nal i s t i gaxl avT d a ko penhagenSi c xo vr o bs . i m

mo vl enebi s d r o s , r amac s af uZvel i mi s c a wi namd ebar e s aqmes , i gi muSao bd a d a

kvl avac muSao bs d ani i s r ad i o Si (d ani i s r ad i o mauwyebl o bi s ko r po r ac i a,

r o mel i c gad as c ems ar a mar t o r ad i o , ar amed s at el evi z i o pr o gr amebs ac ), kvi r i s

axal i

i nf o r mi r ebul

ambebi s

t el eJur nal Si . es

aud i t o r i az e gaTvl i l i

ukanas knel i

c no bi l i a, r o go r c

s at el evi z i o

kar gad

pr o gr ama,

s er i o z ul i

r o mel i c exeba f ar To s peqt r i s s o c i al ur d a po l i t i kur pr o bl emebs , maT So r i s

qs eno f o bi as , i mi gr ac i as a d a l t o l vi l ebs .

A

a. “mwvane qur Tukebi s ” s aki Txi

10. 1985 wl i s 31 mai s s gaz eTma ' "i nf o r mac i a" d abeWd a s t at i a, s ad ac l apar aki i yo

axal gaz r d ul i d aj guf ebi s wevr ebi s r as i s t ul

d amo ki d ebul ebaz e. i s i ni Tavs

"mwvane qur Tukebs " uwo d eben d a c xo vr o ben ko penhagenSi , o s t er bo r o Si . aRni Snul

st at i asTan d akavSi r ebi T kvi r i s axal i ambebi s t el eJur nal ma gad awyvi t a "mwvane

qur Tukebi s " Ses axeb d o kument ur i f i l mi s gad aReba. Ses abami s ad , ganmc xad ebel i

d aukavSi r d a d aj guf ebi s war mo mad genl ebs d a s ami maTgani bat o n per aqs o l Tan -

ad gi l o br i v axal gaz r d ul c ent r Si mo muSave s o c i al ur muSakTan, er Tad mo i wvi a

s at el evi z i o

mi hyavd a, s ami

i nt er vi uz e. i nt er vi us ganmavl o baSi , r o mel i c

"mwvane qur Tukel i " Seur ac xmyo f el d a d amamc i r ebel Seni Svnebs

ganmc xad ebel s

akeTebd a d ani aSi mc xo vr ebi emi gr ant ebi s a d a eTni kur i j guf ebi s Ses axeb.

i nt er vi um 5-6 s aaTi gas t ana, aqed an d aaxl o ebi T 2-2,5 s aaTi vi d eo f i r z e i qna

gad aRebul i . d ani i s

r ad i o m r es po d ent ebs , Tavi s i

Cveul ebr i vi

pr aqt i ki s

Ses abami s ad , gad auxad a ho no r ar i .

11. Semd go mi r ed aqt i r ebi s as ganmc xad ebel ma i nt er vi us f i r i d ai yvana r amd eni me

wuTamd e. 1985 wl i s 21 i vl i s s aRni Snul i f i r i gad mo i c a d ani i s r ad i o T i, r o go r c

kvi r i s axal i ambebi s t el eJur nal i s nawi l i . aRni Snul i pr o gr ama Sed gebo d a

s xvad as xva s aki Txebi s agan, magal i Tad , s amxed r o md go mar eo ba af r i kaSi , d ebat ebi

d ani aSi mo gebi s ganawi l ebi s Ses axeb d a aw gar d ac vl i l i ger manel i mwer l i s,

henr i x bi o l i s mo Rvaweo ba.

b. pr o c es i ko penhageni s s aqal aqo s as amar Tl o Si

12. pr o gr ami s Semd eg s aCi vr ebi ar Semo s ul a ar c r ad i o s gamgeo baSi , s ad ac amgvar i

s aki Txebi s gamo c d i l eba aqvT, ar c d ani i s r ad i o Si , magr am al bo r gi s epi s ko po s ma

i Ci vl a i us t i c i i s mi ni s t r Tan. gamo Zi ebi s Cat ar ebi s Semd eg s axal xo pr o kur o r ma

aRZr a

s i s xl i s

s amar Tl i s

s aqme

ko penhageni s

s aqal aqo

s as amar Tl o Si

ganmc xad ebl i s mi er i nt er vi ui r ebul i s ami axal gaz r d i s wi naaRmd eg, s ad ac maT

1

br al ad ed ebo d aT s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s 266-e mu xl i s d ar Rveva (i x. par . 19

qvemo T) amgvar i ganc xad ebebi s gamo :

"....Cr d i l o eT St at ebs und o d aT, r o m Savebi Tavi s uf al i ad ami anebi yo f i l i yvnen,

magr am i s i ni ar ar i an ad ami anebi , i s i ni c xo vel ebi ar i an".

"Sexed e go r i l as s ur aTs d a mer e Sexed e z angs , i gi ve aRnago ba d a yvel af er i ,

br t yel i Subl i d a yvel af er i s xva".

"z angi ar ar i s ad ami ani , i s c xo vel i a, i s eve r o go r c yvel a s xva uc xo el i muSa,

Tur qebi , i ugo s l avebi d a r a vi c i , r as ac Tavi s Tavs eZaxi an".

”Cven ar mo gvwo ns i s f aqt i , r o m i si ni "per ker ebi " ar i an, d a ki d ev ar mo gvwo ns

maTi ment al i t et i .... d a ki d ev ar mo gvwo ns , r o c a i m z i mbabvur t ani s amo s Si d ad i an

d a Tavi s s ul el ur enaz e r aRac as l apar ako ben..."

"egeni nar ko t i kebi T vaWr o ben, naxevar i c i xe eg "ves t r ebi " ar i an, nar ko t i kebi s gamo

r o m z i an... eg i s xal xi a, nar ko t i kebi s g amo r o m i xd i an s as j el s ..."

"eg "per ker ebi " i q nar ko t i kebi s gamo ar i an".

ganmc xad ebel s br al ad d aed o , 266-e d a 23-e muxl ebi s Ses abami s ad (i x. par 19

qvemo T), s ami axal gaz r d i s xel i s Sewyo ba d a waqez eba; i gi ve br al d eba wauyenes

d ani i s r ad i o s axal i ambebi s s eqc i i s xel mZRvanel s – bat o n l as e i ens ens .

13. s aqal aqo s as amar Tl o Si ganmc xad ebl i s a d a bat o ni i ens eni s ad vo kat ma mo i Txo va

maTi gamar Tl eba. mi s i Tqmi T, ganmc xad ebl i s a d a bat o ni i ens eni s s aqc i el i ar

Seed r ebo d a d anar Ceni s xva s ami mo pas uxi s s aqc i el s , r o mel Ta mo s az r ebebs i s i ni

ar i z i ar ebd nen. maT ubr al o d s ur d aT s o c i al ur i pr o bl emi s r eal ur i s ur aTi s

Seqmna; f aqt o br i vad , pr o gr amam aRSf o Tebi s pr o vo c i r eba mo axd i na d a s i br al ul i s

gr Zno ba aRZr a s am s xva mo pas uxes Tan d akavSi r ebi T, r o mel Tac

s as ac i l o

md go mar eo baSi Cai gd es Tavi . amr i gad , d ani i s r ad i o s ar hqo ni a ganz r axul i

d aer wmunebi na mayur ebel i , gaez i ar ebi naT "mwvane qur Tukebi s " Sexed ul ebebi ,

pi r i qi T, mas s r ul i ad s api r i s pi r o ganz r axva hqo nd a. Ses abami s i kano ni s mi xed vi T,

ar s ebo bs gans xvaveba i m ad ami anebs So r i s , vi nc akeTebs ganc xad ebebs d a pr o gr ami s

r ed aqt o r s

Tavi s uf l ebi T

So r i s ,

Tanac

es

ukanas knel i

gamo xat vi s

r a i m d r o s

gans akuTr ebul i

mo no po l i i T

s ar gebl o bs .

s ar gebl o bd a

r ad i o mauwyebl o baSi , d ani i s r ad i o s mo val eo bas war mo ad gend a s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s

mt ki vneu l s aki Txebz e yvel a s axi s Sexed ul ebebi s gad ac ema i s e, r o m as axul i yo

mo s aubr i s Gamo xat vi s maner a. s az o gad o eba d ai nt er es ebul i i yo , mi eRo i nf o r mac i a

ybad aRebul i uar yo f i Ti (z o gj er us i amo vno c ki ) s o c i al ur i Sexed ul ebebi s

Ses axeb, pr o gr ama gad ai c a s aj ar o d ebat i s ko nt eqs t Si , r as ac Tan mo hyva

ko ment ar ebi pr es aSi , magal i Tad "i nf o r mac i aSi " d a i gi , f aqt o br i vad , war mo ad gend a

gul axd i l angar i Ss aRni Snul i axal gaz r d ebi s Ri r ebul ebebi s Ses axeb. ad vo kat ma,

r o mel mac s xvaTa So r i s "i nf o r mac i aSi " d abeWd i l

s t at i az ec mi uTi Ta, i s i c

aRni Sna, r o m amgvar i t i pi s s aqmeebSi ar yo f i l a gat ar ebul i r ai me Tanmi md evr ul i

s as amar Tl o po l i t i ka.

14. 1987 wl i s 24 apr i l s s aqal aqo s as amar Tl o m gamamt yunebel i ganaCeni gamo ut ana

s am axal gaz r d as , maTgan er Ts i m ganc xad ebi s aTvi s , r o m "Savebi " d a "uc xo el i

muSebi " "c xo vel ebi " ar i an, xo l o o r s - maTi ganc xad ebi s aTvi s nar ko t i kebTan d a

"per ker ebTan"

d akavSi r ebi T.

ganmc xad ebel s ,

i s eve

r o go r c

pr o gr ami s

ko o r d i nat o r s – bat o n i ens ens , br al ad d aed o axal gaz r d ebi s xel i s Sewyo ba d a

2

waqez eba d a mi es aj a d Ri ur i j ar i mi s gad axd a, r ac ut o l d ebo d a, Sesabami sad , an

1000 d a 2000 d ani ur kr o nas , an 5 d Ri T Tavi s uf l ebi s aRkveTas .

r ac Seexeba ganmc xad ebel s , s aqal aqo s as amar Tl o m d aad gi na, r o m 1985 wl i s 31

mai s i s "i nf o r mac i aSi " d abeWd i l i s t at i i s Semd eg i gi ewvi a "mwvane qur Tukebs " d a

bat o n aqs o l Tan d a s xvebTan s aubr i s Semd eg d aTanxmd a s ami axal gaz r d i s

mo pat i Jebaz e s at el evi z i o pr o gr amaSi . pr o gr ami s mi z ani i yo o s t er bo r o Si "mwvane

qur Tukebi s " r as i s t ul i

po z i c i i s

d emo ns t r i r eba, r ac

ukve aRi ni Snebo d a

"i nf o r mac i aSi " d abeWd i l s t at i aSi d a amas Tan er Tad maTi s o c i al ur i ko nt eqs t i s

Cveneba. s as amar Tl o m d aad gi na, r o m, Ses abami s ad , ganmc xad ebel ma Tvi To n gamo i Ci na

s at el evi z i o pr o gr ami s Seqmni s i ni c i at i va, Tanac man wi nas war kar gad i c o d a, r o m

i nt er vi us d r o s gakeTd ebo d a r as i s t ul i xas i aTi s d i s kr i mi nac i ul i ko ment ar ebi .

i nt er vi u r amd eni me s aaTs gagr Zel d a, am d r o i s ganmavl o baSi d ani i s r ad i o l ud i T

umas pi nZl d ebo d a axal gaz r d ebs .

amr i gad ,

ganmc xad ebel ma waaqez a "mwvane

qur Tukebi " Tavi anTi r as i s t ul i Sexed ul ebebi s gamo xat vaSi , r ac , vi nai d an es

t el evi z i i T i yo gad ac emul i , war mo ad gend a s is xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s 266(b)

muxl i s

d ar Rvevas .

ganc xad ebebi

gad ai c a

t el evi z i i T

yo vel gvar i

ko nt r ar gument ebi s gar eSe, ganmc xad ebl i s mi er Canawer ebi s r ed aqt i r ebi s Semd go m.

Ses abami s ad , i gi d amnaSave i yo 266(b) muxl i s d ar Rvevi s xel i s Sewyo bas a d a

waqez ebaSi .

c. pr o c es i aRmo s avl eT d ani i s umaRl es s as amar Tl o Si

15. ganmc xad ebel ma d a bat o nma i ens enma, magr am ar a s amma

"mwvane qur Tukel ma",

gaas aCi vr es s aqal aqo s as amar Tl o s gad awyvet i l eba aRmo s avl eT d ani i s umaRl es

s as amar Tl o Si . maT, Zi r i Tad ad , gai meo r es s aqal aqo s as amar Tl o Si war d geni l i

ar gument ac i a, gar d a ami s a, ganmc xad ebel ma ganmar t a, r o m Tumc a mas hqo nd a eWvi ,

r o m "mwvane qur Tukebi s " ganc xad ebebi eqvemd ebar ebo d a kano ni T d as j as , man Tavi

Sei kava aRni Snul i ganc xad ebebi s gamo t o vebi s agan pr o gr amaSi , r ad gan mi aCnd a, r o m

maTi

axal gaz r d ebma

r eal ur i

po z i c i i s

i c o d nen aRni Snul i

Cveneba

mni Svnel o vani

i yo . man d aas kvna, r o m

Ses aZl o s i s xl i s

ganc xad ebebi s aTvi s

s amar Tl i s pas uxi s mgebl o bi s Ses axeb d a, Ses abami s ad , ar gauf r Txi l ebi a i s i ni am

f aqt i s Tao baz e.

16. 1988 wl i s 16 i vni s i s gad awyvet i l ebi T umaRl es ma s as amar Tl o m xuTi xmi T er Ti s

wi naaRmd eg u ar i u Txr a s aapel ac i o ganc xad ebas .

gans xvavebul i az r i s mqo ne wevr i s az r i T, mi uxed avad i mi s a, r o m "mwvane

qur Tukebi s " ganc xad ebebi , s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s 266(b) muxl i s Ses abami s ad ,

d anaSaul s war mo ad gens , ganmc xad ebel s a d a bat o n i ens ens ar d aur Rvevi aT s i t yvi s

Tavi s uf l ebi s f ar gl ebi , r o ml i Tac s ar gebl o bs t el evi z i a d a i nf o r mac i i s s xva

s aSual ebebi , vi nai d an pr o gr ami s mi z ani aRni Snul i axal gaz r d ebi s r as i s t ul i

Sexed ul ebebi s a d a maTi s o c i al ur i ko nt eqs t i s Tao baz e i nf o r mac i i s mi wo d eba d a

s aj ar o d i s kus i ebi s wamo wyeba i yo .

d. pr o c es i u z enaes s as amar Tl o Si .

17. ganmc xad ebel ma d a bat o nma i ens enma umaRl es i s as amar Tl o s gad awyvet i l eba

gaas aCi vr es uz enaes s as amar Tl o Si , r o mel mac 1989 wl i s 13 Teber vl i s o Txi xmi T

er Ti s wi naaRmd eg mi Rebul i gad awyvet i l ebi T uar i uTxr a s aapel ac i o s aCi var s .

umr avl es o bam d aad gi na:

3

"mo pas uxeebi s qmed ebam gamo i wvi a mc i r e r ao d eno bi s ad ami anebi s mi er gamo Tqmul i

r as i s t ul i ganc xad ebebi s gavr c el eba, r i s Sed egad aRni Snul pi r ebs d aeki sr aT

pas uxi s mgebl o ba d a amr i gad , s aqal aqo d a umaRl es i s as amar Tl o s d ad geni l ebi s

Tanaxmad , mo pas uxeebma d aar Rvi es s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s 266-e d a 23-e

muxl ebi . Cven ar

mi gvaCni a, r o m mo pas uxeebi s

gamar Tl eba Ses aZl ebel i a

s az o gad o ebr i vi i nt er es i s mqo ne s aki Txebz e Gamo xat vi s Tavi s uf l ebi s s af uZvl i T,

r ac am SemTxvevaSi upi r i s pi r d eba r as i s t ul i d i s kr i mi nac i i s wi naaRmd eg d ac vas .

aqed an gamo md i nar e, mxar s vuWer T gas aCi vr ebul i

d ar Cenas."

gad awyvet i l ebi s Zal aSi

mo s amar Tl e po nd o pi d ani Tavi s gans xvavebul mo s az r eba Si mi u T i T ebs :

"pr o gr ami s mi z ani gaxl d aT i nf o r mac i i s gac ema s aki Txz e uc xo el ebi s ad mi

–

d amo ki d ebul eba, r o mel i c f ar To d a z o gj er gac xo vel ebul i s az o gad o ebr i vi

d ebat ebi s Temas war mo ad gens . pr o gr amam d axat a "mwvane qur Tukebi s " po z i c i i s

naTel i s ur aTi d a amgvar ad s az o gad o ebas gauCnd a i nf o r mac i i s mi Rebi s a d a

s akuTar i

az r i s

Camo yal i bebi s

Ses aZl ebl o ba. aRni Snul i

Sexed ul ebebi d an

gamo md i nar e, nebi s mi er i ko nt r ar gument i pr o gr ami s ms vl el o bi s d r o s , an uSual o d

mi s wi n Tu Semd eg, ver mi aRwevd a s aWi r o mi z ans . mi uxed avad i mi s a, r o m pr o gr ama

exebo d a ad ami anebi s Sed ar ebi T mc i r er i c xo van j guf s , mas namd vi l ad hqo nd a

s akmao d maRal i s ai nf o r mac i o Ri r ebul eba. i s f aqt i , r o m mo pas uxeebma gamo i Ci nes

amgvar i Sexed ul ebebi s gavr c el ebi s i ni c i at i va, ar

f aqt o r i maTi s aqc i el is Sef as ebi s as . aRni Snul

gaxl avT mni Svnel o vani

vi Tar ebaSi d a i m f aqt i s

mi uxed avad , r o m ganc xad ebebi namd vi l ad war mo ad genen 266(b) muxl i s d ar Rvevas ,

eWvi s qveS vayeneb aRni Snul i muxl i s d ar RvevaSi , d axmar ebas a d a waqez ebaSi

mo pas uxeebi s

d ad anaSaul ebi s

mi z anSewo ni l o bas . Ses abami s ad , mxar s

vuWer

mo pas uxeebi s gamar Tl ebas .'

18. r o d es ac

pr i nc i pul s aki Txz e, Cveul ebr i v, qveynd eba gad awyvet i l ebi s d et al ur i t eqs t i . am

t r ad i c i i s Ses abami s ad , mo s amar Tl e her manma d abeWd a aRni Snul i t eqs t i

yo vel kvi r eu l s as amar Tl o Jur nal Si (1989, gv. 399):

uz enaes

s as amar Tl o s

gamo aqvs

gad awyvet i l eba mni Svnel o van

“r ac Seexeba ganmc xad ebl i s a d a bat o ni i ens eni s d ad anaSaul ebas , Zi r i Tad i aqc ent i

keTd ebo d a i m f aqt z e, r o m es ukanas knel ni d amnaSave i yvnen ganc xad ebebi s s aj ar o d

gamo t anaSi . ganmc xad ebel s ar gaukeTebi a pi r dapi r i mo xs eneba Sexved r az e. i gi

Tvi To n d aukavSi r d a axal gaz r d ebs d a gaakeTebi na maT ganc xad ebebi , r o ml ebi c maT

ukve gakeTebul i hqo nd aT gaz eTi s s t at i aSi d a r o mel Ta Si naar s i c man ukve i c o d a

d a al baT el o d a maT gameo r ebas . man Tvi To n gaukeTa r ed aqt i r eba i nt er vi us,

r o mel i c r amd eni me s aaTs gr Zel d ebo d a d a d ai yvana i gi r amd eni me wuTi s

xangr Zl i vo bi s uxeS ko ment ar ebamd e. ganc xad ebebi , r o ml ebi c ar d ai s j ebo d a

s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s 266(b) muxl i T, f ar To s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s r o m ar

gamxd ar i yo c no bi l i , eqvemd ebar eba kano ni T d as j as , r ad gan mo xd a maTi gad ac ema

t el evi z i i T

ganmc xad ebl i s

i ni c i at i vi Ta

d a

bat o ni

i ens eni s

Tanxmo bi T.

Ses abami s ad , eWvs ar i wvevs , r o m ganc xad ebebi s gavr c el eba mo xd a maTi d axmar ebi Ta

d a waqez ebi T.

ganmc xad ebl i s a d a bat o ni i ens eni s gamar Tl eba Ses aZl ebel i i qneba mxo l o d i s eTi

mi z ez i T, r ac aSkar ad gad awo ni s maTi mo qmed ebi s ar amar Tebul o bas . amas Tan

d akavSi r ebi T, aRni Snul i ganc xad ebebi T mZi med Seur ac xyo f i l Ta d ac vi s i nt er es i

und a Sed ar ebul

i qnes ganc xad ebebi s Ses axeb s az o gad o ebi s i nf o r mi r ebi s

i nt er es Tan.

4

sxvad as xva i nt er es ebs So r i s wo nas wo r o bi s d ac vi s mc d el o bi s as umr avl es o ba

i Tval i s wi nebs , r o m f ar To s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s mi wo d ebul i ganc xad ebebi

Sed gebo d a j guf i s i m wevr ebi s mi er gakeTebul i c i l i s mwamebl ur i Seni Svnebi s agan

d a Seur ac xyo f i s agan, r o mel Ta mo s az r eba be vr i s Tvi s ar i qnebo d a s ai nt er es o . maT

mi er gad mo c emul i i nf o r mac i i s Ri r ebul eba ar i yo i md enad mni Svnel o vani , r o m

gaemar Tl ebi na

war mo ad gend a gamamar Tl ebel i

aRni Snul i

i nf o r mac i i s

ganaCeni s

gavr c el eba

s af uZvel s . es

d a,

Ses abami s ad ,

ar

ni Snavs , r o m

eqst r emi s t ul i Sexed ul ebebi ver mo xvd eba pr es aSi , magr am amgvar i r epo r t aJi

uf r o mr aval mxr i vad und a i yo gaSuqebul i , vi d r e es mo xd a aRni Snul s at el evi z i o

gad ac emaSi . d aSvebul i und a i yo s pi r d api r i r epo r t aJi s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s

s ai nt er es o s aki Txebz e gamar Tul i Sexved r ebi d an.

meo r es mxr i v, umc i r es o bi s az r i T, i nf o r mac i i s s i mar Tl e gad awo ni d a s i s xl i s

s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s 266(b) muxl i T d ac ul i nt er es ebs .”

d abo l o s , mo s amar Tl e her manma aRni Sna, r o m s as amar Tl o pr o c es i s d r o s ar i qna

wamo Wr i l i s ad avo z o mebi s ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl Tan Ses abami s o bi s s aki Txi .

II.

Ses abami s i ad gi l o br i vi kano nmd ebl o ba

a. s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i

19. s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s 266(b) muxl i i Tval i s wi nebs :

"nebi s mi er pi r s , r o mel i c s aj ar o d an f ar To s az o gad o ebi s Tvi s gas ac no bad

akeTebs ganc xad ebas an gad as c ems nebi s mi er s xva i nf o r mac i as , r o mel i c gamo xat avs

muqar as , d amc i r ebas an Seur ac xyo f as ad ami anebi s j guf i s wi naaRmd eg maTi r as i s ,

f er i s , er o vnebi s , r wmeni s an eTni kur i war mo So bi s s af uZvel z e, eki s r eba j ar i ma an

i s j eba d akavebi T an Tavi s uf l ebi s aRkveTi T ar aumet es o r i wl i s vad i s a".

muxl i 23, par agr af i 1 ad gens :

"s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s d anaSaul i s ganms az Rvr el i d ebul eba exeba yvel a pi r s , vi s i

d axmar ebi Tac mo xd a aRni Snul i d anaSaul i s ganxo r c i el eba, i qnebo d a es waqez eba,

r Ceva Tu mo qmed eba. s as j el i Sei Zl eba Sems ubuqd es i m SemTxvevaSi , Tu aRni Snul i

pi r i api r ebd a mxo l o d mc i r e s axi s d axmar ebas , an

Tu man gaaZl i er a ukve

mi Rebul i gad awyvet i l eba, an Tu d anaSaul i ar i qna ganxo r c i el ebul i , an

ganz r axul d axmar ebas war mat eba ar mo hyo l i a".

b. 1991 wl i s aqt i s ai nf o r mac i o s aSual ebebi s Ses axeb

20. 1991 wl i s aqt i s ai nf o r mac i o s aSual ebebi s Ses axeb, r o mel i c Zal aSi Sevi d a

1992 wl i s

1

i anvar s , anu aRni Snul i mo vl enebi s Semd eg, Inter alia, ad gens

pas uxi s mgebl o bas s at el evi z i o mauwyebl o bi s aTvi s . s eqc i a 18 gans az Rvr avs :

"pi r i , r o mel i c ar api r d api r i eTer i T gas ul

gad ac emaSi akeTebs ganc xad ebas ,

pas uxi s mgebel i a gakeTebul i ganc xad ebi s Tvi s z o gad i kano nmd ebl o bi s d ebul ebebi s

Ses abami s ad gar d a i m SemTxvevebi s a, r o d es ac :

1. gad ac emi d an ar Cans pi r i s vi nao ba;

2. aRni Snul pi r s ar mi uc i a Tanxmo ba ganc xad ebi s gad ac emaSi gaSvebaz e; an

5

3. mas d api r d nen, r o m mas SeuZl i a gad ac emaSi mo nawi l eo ba mi s i vi nao bi s

gamxel i s gar eSe d a am mxr i v mi Rebul i qna gar kveul i z o mebi .

pi r vel i

par agr af i s

1-el

d a me-3 qvepar agr af ebSi

aRwer i l

SemTxvevebSi

ganc xad ebebi s t eqs t z e pas uxi s mgebel i a r ed aqt o r i maSi nac ki , r o d esac kano ni s

d ar Rveva mi s i ganz r axvi s an uyur ad Rebo bi s gamo ar mo mxd ar a..."

22-e s eqc i i s Tanaxmad :

"pi r i , r o mel i c wai ki Txavs an r ai me s xva s axi T gad as c ems t eqs t s an ganc xad ebas ,

ar ar i s pas uxi s mgebel i aRni Snul i t eqs t i s an ganc xad ebi s Si naar s z e".

III.

gaer Ti anebul i er ebi s aqt ebi

21. r as i s t ul i Sexed ul ebebi s a d a mo s az r ebebi s pr o pagand i s akr Zal vas Tan d a

Tavi d an ac i l ebas Tan d akavSi r ebul i d ebul ebebi Ses ul i a mTel r i g s aer TaSo r i s o

aqt ebSi . mag., 1945 wl i s gaer Ti anebul i er ebi s wes d eba (pr eambul i s par . 2, muxl ebi

1-3, 13; par . 1(b), 55(g), 767 (g)); 1948 wl i s ad ami ani s uf l ebaTa s ayo vel Tao

d ekl ar ac i a (muxl ebi 1, 2, d a 7); 1966 wl i s s amo qal aqo d a po l i t i kur i uf l ebebi s

Ses axeb paqt i (muxl ebi 2.1, 20; par . 2 d a 26). yvel az e uf r o r el evant ur i SeTanxmeba

gaxl avT

yvel a f o r mi s r as i z mi s aRmo f xvr i s s aer TaSo r i s o ko nvenc i a ("gaer o s

ko nvenc i a"), r o mel i c r at i f i c i r ebul i i yo evr o pi s ko nvenc i i s mo nawi l e qveynebi s

umr avl es o bi s mi er , d ani i s CaTvl i T (1971 wl i s 9 d ekember i ). ko nvenc i i s me-4 d a me-5

muxl ebi i Tval i s wi nebs :

muxl i 4

mo nawi l e mxar eebi gmo ben yvel a s axi s pr o pagand as d a yvel a o r gani z ac i as ,

r o mel i c emyar eba er Ti r asi s, er Ti f er i s an er Ti eTni kur i war mo So bi s ad ami anTa

j guf i s meo r ez e upi r at es o bi s i d eas , an r o mel i c

c d i l o bs gaamar Tl o s

r as i s t ul i z i z Ri d a d i s kr i mi nac i a nebi s mi er i f o r mi T, d a val d ebul ebas i Reben

mi i Ro n nebi s mi er i d ad ebi Ti z o ma aRni Snul i d i s kr i mi nac i i s yvel a aqt i s an

waqez ebi s wi naaRmd eg d a amas Tan d akavSi r ebi T s aTanad o d i Tval i s wi nebs r a

ad ami ani s uf l ebebi s s ayo vel Tao d ekl ar ac i aSi gans az Rvr ul

wi namd ebar e ko nvenc i i s me-5 mu xl Si d ad geni l u f l ebebs , maT So r i s :

pr i nc i pebs d a

(a). ad gens , r o m r as i s t ul

upi r at es o bas a d a z i z Rz e d amyar ebul i i d ei s

gavr c el eba, r as i s t ul i d i s kr i mi nac i i s waqez eba, agr eTve nebi s mi er i r as i s an s xva

f er i s Tu eTni kur i war mo So bi s ad ami anebi s j guf i s wi naaRmd eg mi mar Tul i

Zal ad o ba an Zal ad o bi s waqez eba, d a agr eTve r as i s t ul i s aqmi ano baSi d axmar eba,

d af i nans ebi s CaTvl i T, i Tvl eba d anaSaul ad d a i s j eba kano ni T".

muxl i 5.

"wi namd ebar e ko nvenc i aSi gans az Rvr ul i Zi r i Tad i mo val eo bebi s Ses abami s ad ,

mo nawi l e mxar eebi val d ebul ebas i Reben akr Zal o n d a aRmo f xvr an nebi s mi er i

f o r mi s r as i s t ul i d i s kr i mi nac i a d a yvel as aTvi s uz r unvel yo n kano ni s wi naSe

Tanas wo r o bi s uf l eba, ganur Cevl ad maTi f er i s a, r as i s a, er o vnebi s a Tu eTni kur i

war mo So bi s a, gans akuTr ebi T ki aRni Snul uf l ebebTan d akavSi r ebi T........

viii. Tavi s uf al i az r i s a d a gamo xat vi s Tavi suf l eba

"...........

6

me-4 muxl Si aRni Snul ma "s aTanad o gaTval i s wi nebam" gamo i wvi a mi s i gans xvavebul i

i nt er pr et ac i a d a r as i s t ul i d i s kr i mi nac i i s gaer o s ko mi t et i s (Sei qmna gaer o s

ko nvenc i i s i mpl ement ac i i s aTvi s ) wevr ebi s mo s az r ebebi gai yo ganmc xad ebl i s

ganaCenTan d akavSi r ebi T. es s aqme, r o mel i c war d geni l i i yo d ani i s mTavr o bi s mi er ,

Car Tul i i yo gaer o s ko mi t et i s ad mi mo xs enebaSi . ko mi s i i s r i gi wevr ebi mi es al mnen

mas , r o go r c

d i s kr i mi nac i i s wi naaRmd eg d ac vi s uf l ebi s upi r at es o bi s yvel az e uf r o aSkar a d a

naTel magal i Ts ", s xvebi Tvl i d nen, r o m "amgvar SemTxvevebSi f aqt ebi und a

"Tavi s uf al i

Gamo xat vi s

uf l ebas Tan Sed ar ebi T

r as i s t ul i

ganxi l ul i yo o r i ve uf l ebi s ko nt eqs t Si " (ko mi t et i s mo xs eneba gener al ur i

as ambl ei s ad mi , o f i c i al ur i Canawer ebi , 455-e s es i a, d amat eba # 18 (a/45/18), gv. 21,

par . 56)

ko mi s i i s wi naSe war mar Tul i pr o c es i

22. ko mi s i i s ad mi mi mar Tul

1989 wl i s 25 i vl i s i s ganc xad ebaSi (# 15890/89)

ganmc xad ebel i aRni Snavs , r o m maT mi mar T gamo t ani l i gamamt yunebel i ganaCeni

war mo ad gens ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl Si gans az Rvr ul i gamo xat vi s Tavi suf l ebi s

uf l ebi s d ar Rvevas .

23. 1992 wl i s 8 s eqt ember s ko mi s i am Tanxmo ba ganac xad a ganc xad ebi s mi Rebaz e. 1993

wl i s 8 i vl i ss (muxl i 31) ko mi si am gamo Tqva mo saz r eba (12 xmi T 4-i s wi naaRmd eg),

r o m ad gi l i hqo nd a me-10 muxl i s d ar Rvevas .

mTavr o bi s mi er ko mi s i i s ad mi war d geni l i s abo l o o ar gument ac i a

24. 1994 wl i s 20 apr i l i s s xd o maz e mTavr o bam mo uwo d a s as amar Tl o s d aed gi na, r o m

maT mi er war d geni l i memo r i al i s Ses abami s ad ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl i s d ar Rvevas

ad gi l i ar hqo ni a.

s ammar Tl ebr i vi mxar e

I.

ganc xad eba me-10 mu xl i s d ar Rvevi s Tao baz e.

25. ganmc xad ebel ma aRni Sna, r o m mi s i ganaCeni d a s abr al d ebo d as kvna r as i s t ul i

ko ment ar ebi s gavr c el ebaSi , d axmar ebas a d a waqez ebaSi ar Rvevs gamo xat vi s

Tavi s uf l ebi s uf l ebas , r o mel i c gans az Rvr ul i a ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl Si :

“...”

26. aRni Snul i s aCi var i mi Rebul i i yo ko mi s i i s mi er , magr am uar yo f i l

mTavr o bi s mi er .

i qna

27.

s aCi vr i s z o gad s af uZvel s war mo ad gens i s f aqt i , r o m z o mebi , r o mel Ta

s af uZvel z ec

aRi Zr a ganmc xad ebl i s s aqme, war mo ad gens Car evas gamo xat vi s

Tavi s uf l ebi s uf l ebaSi .

s ad avo ar ar i s , r o m es Car eva "kano ni T i yo gans az Rvr ul i " d a ganmc xad ebl i s

ganaCeni eyr d no bo d a s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s 266(b) d a 23(1) muxl ebs . am

ko nt eqs t Si mTavr o bam aRni Sna, r o m pi r vel i d ebul eba mi Rebul

i qna gaer o s

ko nvenc i as Tan kano nmd ebl o bi s Ses abami s o baSi mo s ayvanad . r o go r c s as amar Tl o s

es mi s , mTavr o bi s ar gument i i maSi md go mar eo bs , r o m Tumc a aq gas aTval i s wi nebel i a

ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl i , s as amar Tl o m 10-2 muxl i s gaTval i s wi nebi s as und a

7

d et al ur ad gani xi l o s d a i ms j el o s s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i s Ses abami s

d ebul ebebz e gaer o s ko nvenc i i s Ses abami s ad (i x. par . 21). s xva s i t yvebi T r o m

vTqvaT, me-10 muxl i ar und a i qnes i nt er pr et i r ebul i i mgvar ad , r o m mo xd es gaer o s

ko nvenc i i T

gans az Rvr ul i

r as o br i vi

d i s kr i mi nac i i s agan

d ac vi s

uf l ebi s

Sez Rud va, Semc i r eba an ganad gur eba.

d abo l o s , s ad avo ar gamxd ar a, r o m Car evas hqo nd a kano ni er i mi z ani , ker Zo d ki

"r eput ac i i s an uf l ebi s d ac va".

er Tad er Ti s ad avo s aki Txi ar i s i s , war mo ad gend a Tu ar a mi Rebul i z o mebi

"auc i l ebl o bas d emo kr at i ul s az o gad o ebaSi ".

28. ganmc xad ebel i aRni Snavs d a ko mi s i a i z i ar ebs i m az r s , r o m d ani i s , r o go r c

gaer o s ko nvenc i i s er T -er Ti mo nawi l i s , val d ebul ebebi s mi uxed avad (i x. par . 21),

wo nas wo r o ba und a i qnes d ac ul i "s xvaTa r eput ac i i s a d a uf l ebebi s d ac vas " d a

ganmc xad ebl i s "i nf o r mac i i s qo ni s uf l ebas " So r i s . ganmc xad ebl i s aRni Svni T, es

mo ment i gaTval i s wi nebul i a gaer o s ko nvenc i i s me-4 muxl i s d ebul ebaSi , r o ml i s

mi xed vi Tac , "s aTanad o d und a i qnes gaTval i s wi nebul i ad ami ani s uf l ebebi s

s ayo vel Tao d ekl ar ac i aSi gans az Rvr ul i pr i nc i pebi d a wi namd ebar e ko nvenc i i s me-

5 muxl Si d ad geni l i uf l ebebi ". d ebul eba i myo f ebo d a d apr o eqt ebi s s t ad i aSi ,

r ad gan ar s ebo bd a mo s az r eba, r o m me-4 (a)

upi r at es o bas a d a z i z Rz e d amyar ebul i

muxl i s mo Txo vna, r o m "r asi st ul

i d ei s gavr c el eba, r as i s t ul i

d i s kr i mi nac i i s waqez eba, agr eTve nebi s mi er i r as i s an s xva f er i s Tu eTni kur i

war mo So bi s ad ami anebi s j guf i s wi naaRmd eg mi mar Tul i Zal ad o ba an Zal ad o bi s

waqez eba d a agr eTve r as i s t ul i s aqmi ano baSi d axmar eba, d af i nans ebi s CaTvl i T,

i Tvl eba d anaSaul ad d a i s j eba

Ses aZl o a war mo Svas s i Znel eebi

kano ni T", met ad f ar To xas i aTi s ar i s d a

ad ami ani s s xva uf l ebebTan, gans akuTr ebi T ki

az r i s a

d a

gamo xat vi s

Tavi s uf l ebas Tan,

d akavSi r ebi T.

ganmc xad ebl i s

evr o pi s s abWo s

ar gument ac i i s Tanaxmad , s wo r ed es i yo i mi s mi z ez i , r o m

mi ni s t r ebi s ko mi t et ma, r o d es ac s axel mwi f o ebma mas s Txo ves gaer o s ko nvenc i ebi s

r at i f i c i r eba, wi nad ad eba Sei t ana ko nvenc i aSi d amat ebul i yo ganmar t ebi Ti

d ebul eba, r o mel i c , Inter alia, xaz s gaus vamd a i mas , r ac agr eTve exebo d a 1968 wel s

mi ni s t r Ta

mo ad gi l eebi s

mi er

evr o pi s

(68)30

r ez o l uc i i T

gans az Rvr ul

uf l ebebs ac .

ganmc xad ebel ma d a ko mi s i am xaz i gaus ves , r o m gakeTebul i Seur ac xmyo f el i

ko ment ar ebi , mTl i ani gad ac emi s ko nt eqs t i d an gamo md i nar e, mi z nad i s axavd a uf r o

maTi avt o r ebi s s as ac i l o d agd ebas , vi d r e r as i z mi s po pul ar i z ac i as . Zi r i Tad i

STabeWd i l eba gaxl d aT i s , r o m pr o gr ami s amo c ana i yo s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s

mt ki vneul s aki Txz e, ker Zo d ki r as i z ms a d a qs eno f o bi az e, yur ad Rebi s mi pyr o ba.

ganmc xad ebel ma Segnebul ad Caur To aRni Snul i ganc xad ebebi pr o gr amaSi ar a

r as i s t ul i mo s az r ebebi s po pul ar i z ac i i s , ar amed maTTan d api r i s pi r ebi s mi z ni T.

ganmc xad ebel ma mi uTi Ta, r o m i gi Seec ad a gaeanal i z ebi na d a eCvenebi na Tavi s i

mayur ebl ebi s aTvi s i m d r o s d ani aSi ar s ebul i axal i f eno meni , uki d ur es i r as i z mi ,

r o mel s ac

gamo xat avd nen

d abal i

s o c i al ur i

j guf ebi , r o ml ebi c

Zl i vs

axer xebd nen s akuTar i az r ebi s gamo xat vas . man aRni Sna d a ko mi s i ac d aeTanxma, r o m

gad ac emas ar mo uxd eni a mni Svnel o vani uar yo f i Ti gavl ena s xvaTa uf l ebebs a d a

r eput ac i az e.

Ses abami s ad ,

am ukanas knel i s

d ac vi s

i nt er es i

gad awo na

ganmc xad ebl i s gamo xat vi s Tavi s uf l ebi s uf l ebi s d ac vi s i nt er es ma.

gar d a ami s a ganmc xad ebel ma aRni Sna, r o m 1991 wl i s s ai nf o r mac i o s aSual ebebi s

pas uxi s mgebl o bi s Ses axeb aqt i s Zal aSi yo f ni s SemTxvevaSi mas ar Seexebo d a

s as amar Tl o d evna, r ad gan aRni Snul i aqt i s Tanaxmad , pi r s pas uxi mgebl o bas

8

aki s r ebs mxo l o d i s ganc xad eba, r o mel i c i s j eba kano ni T. ami T s af uZvel i

gamo ec al a mTavr o bi s ar gument s , r o m gamamt yunebel i ganaCeni mo Txo vni l i i yo

gaer o s mi er d a war mo ad gend a auc i l ebl o bas me-10 muxl i s Ses abami s ad .

29. mTavr o bam wamo ayena ko nt r ar gument i , r o m ganmc xad ebl i s mi er r ed aqt i r ebul

pr o gr amas hqo nd a uf r o s ens ac i ur i , vi d r e i nf o r mac i ul i xas i aTi d a r o m mi s i

i nf o r mac i ul i Ri r ebul eba mi ni mal ur i gaxl d aT. t el evi z i a ar i s s ai nf o r mac i o

s aSual eba d a d ani el ebi s umr avl es o ba, r o go r c wes i , uyur ebs axal i ambebi s

gad ac emas , s ad ac

naCvenebi

i yo

aRni Snul i

gad ac ema. mi uxed avad

ami s a,

ganmc xad ebel ma waaqez a axal gaz r d ebi gaekeTebi naT r as i s t ul i ganc xad ebebi maTi

gaf r Txi l ebi s gar eSe i mi s Tao baz e, r o m ami s aTvi s maT Sei Zl eba d aki s r ebo d aT

s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s pas uxi s mgebl o ba d a Tanac ar gaukeTebi a r ai me s api r i s pi r o

ko ment ar ebi aRni Snul ganc xad ebebTan d akavSi r ebi T. Zal i an r Tul i s aTqmel i i yo ,

r o m mayur ebl ebi ar aRi qvamd nen ganc xad ebebs pi r d api r i mni Svnel o bi T. ar c i s

f aqt i a mai nc d amai nc mni Svnel o vani , r o m pr o gr amas Sed egad bevr i s aCi var i ar

mo hyo l i a, r ad ganac i nf o r mac i i s nakl ebo bi s , d ani ur i eni s ar as akmar i s i c o d ni s an

Zal ad o bi s aqt ebi s Si Si s gamo Seur ac xmyo f el i ko ment ar ebi s ms xver pl ni , r o go r c

Cans , Tavs i kavebd nen s aCi vr ebi s agan. amr i gad , ganmc xad ebel ma ver Seas r ul a

"val d ebul eba

d a

pas uxi s mgebl o ba",

r o mel i c

eki s r ebo d a

mas ,

r o go r c

s at el evi z i o Jur nal i s t s . mas z e d aki s r ebul i j ar i ma umc i r es i i yo 226(b) muxl i T

gaTval i s wi nebul s anqc i ebs So r i s d a ami t o m xel s ver SeuSl i d a Jur nal i s t s

wvl i l i Seet ana r as i z mi s a d a qs eno f o bi i s Ses axeb s aj ar o ganxi l vebSi . aRni Snul i

s anqc i a mi z nad i s axavd a Seexs enebi na s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s , r o m r as i z mi s er i o z ul ad

und a i qnes aRqmul i d a mas Tan Segueba ar Sei Zl eba. mTavr o bam s ad avo d CaTval a i s

s aki Txi c , r o m 1991 wl i s s ai nf o r mac i o s aSual ebebi s pas uxi s mgebl o bi s Ses axeb

aqt i s Zal aSi yo f ni s SemTxvevaSi s aqme s xvagvar ad gani xi l ebo d a. d ebul eba i mi s

Tao baz e, r o m mxo l o d ganc xad ebi s avt o r s Sei Zl eba d aeki s r o s val d ebul eba,

gul i s xmo bs gamo nakl i s ebs (i x. par . 20); Cven Segvi Zl i a mxo l o d vi ms j el o T s aqmi s

s avar au d o ganxi l vi s Ses axeb 1991 wl i s aqt i s s af u Zvel z e.

mTavr o bam xaz i gaus va, r o m s ami ve d o ni s s as amar Tl o m Seaf as a pr o gr ami s

z emo qmed ebi s xar i s xi d a yur ad Rebi T gani xi l a yvel a Ses aZl o i nt er es i . r o go r c

ganxi l vam aCvena, s as amar Tl o ebi s mi er mi Rebul i gad awyvet i l ebebi Sees abamebo d a

me-10 muxl s ; maTi gad awyvet i l eba Caj d a muxl i s i nt er pr et ac i i s i m Tavi s uf l ebi s

f ar gl ebSi , r o mel s ac s aer TaSo r i s o ko nvenc i a ut o vebs er o vnul xel i s uf l ebas ,

d a war mo ad gend a auc i l ebl o bas .

30. s as amar Tl o m Tavi d anve gaus va xaz i r as o br i vi d i s kr i mi nac i i s

nebi s mi er i

gamo xat ul ebi s wi naaRmd eg br Zo l i s auc i l ebl o bas . Ses aZl o a ganmc xad ebel i

mar Tal i i yo s i mi s Tao baz e, r o m bo l o d r o i nd el i mo vl enebi s Sed egad r as o br i vi

d i s kr i mi nac i i s s af r Txe d Res d Reo bi T uf r o d i d i a, vi d r e am aTi wl i s wi naT.

mi uxed avad ami s a, es s aki Txi maSi nac s akmao d mni Svnel o vani i yo , r ac d as t ur d eba

i m f aqt i T, r o m gaer o s ko nvenc i a 1965 wel s Sei qmna. Ses abami s ad , gaer o s ko nvenc i i s

mi z ani uf r o mni Svnel o vani a, vi d r e ganmc xad ebl i s aTvi s gamo t ani l i ganaCeni ,

r o mel i c me-10 mu xl i s me-2 par agr af i s ko nt eqs t Si auc i l ebl o bas war mo ad gend a.

ganaCeni emyar ebo d a d ebul ebas , r o mel i c Sei qmna d ani i s kano nmd ebl o bi s gaer o s

ko nvenc i as Tan Ses abami s o baSi mo yvani s aTvi s .

d ani i s val d ebul ebebi me -10 muxl i s s af uZvel z e SeZl ebi s d agvar ad und a i yo s

i nt er pr et i r ebul i gaer o s ko nvenc i i T gans az Rvr ul i val d ebul ebebi s Ses abami s ad .

am SemTxvevaSi s as amar Tl o s pr er o gat i va ar ar i s "s aTanad o gaTval i s wi nebi s "

Ses axeb gaer o s ko nvenc i i s me-4 muxl i s d ebul ebi s i nt er pr et i r eba, r o mel i c

s xvad as xvanai r ad Sei Zl eba i yo s gagebul i . Tumc a s as amar Tl o i z i ar ebs i m

9

mo s az r ebas , r o m evr o pi s ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl i s mi s eul i i nt er pr et ac i a

Ses abami s o baSi a gaer o s ko nvenc i i T gans az Rvr ul d ani i s val d ebul ebebTan.

31.

aRni Snul i

s aqmi s

d amaxas i aTebel i

ni Sani

i maSi

md go mar eo bs ,

r o m

ganmc xad ebel s Tvi To n ar gaukeTebi a s ad avo ko ment ar ebi . i gi , r o go r c d ani i s

r ad i o s axal i ambebi s pr o gr ami s pas uxi s mgebel i s at el evi z i o Jur nal i s t i ,

d aexmar a s xvebs aRni Snul i ganc xad ebebi s gavr c el ebaSi (i x. par . 9 d a 10). i maz e

ms j el o bi s as , war mo ad gend a Tu ar a mi s d ami gamo t ani l i gamamt yunebel i ganaCeni d a

s abr al d ebo d as kvna auc i l ebl o bas , s as amar Tl o gai Tval i s wi nebs pr es i s r o l Tan

d akavSi r ebul i s apr ec ed ent o s amar Tl i s mi er

d ad geni l

pr i nc i pebs O(mag.,

"o bz er ver i " d a "gar d i ani " gaer Ti anebul i s amef o s wi naaRmd eg, 1991 wl i s 26

no embr i s gad awyvet i l eba, s er i a A; # 216; gv. 26-30; par . 59).

s as amar Tl o aRni Snavs , r o m gamo xat vi s Tavi s uf l eba war mo ad gens d emo kr at i ul i

saz o gad o ebi s er T -er T umni Svnel o vanes qvakuTxed s d a pr es i s aTvi s mi ni Webul i

gar ant i ebi met ad mni Svnel o vani a; Tumc a pr es am ar und a gad aabi j os d ad geni l

f ar gl ebs , maT So r i s "s xvaTa r eput ac i i s d as ac avad ", s wo r ed mas awevs

s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s i nt er es i s mqo ne i nf o r mac i i s a d a az r ebi s gad ac emi s mi s i a.

gar d a i mi s a, r o m pr es i s amo c anas war mo ad gens aRni Snul i i nf o r mac i i s a d a

az r ebi s gavr c el eba, s az o gad o ebas ac aqvs mi s i mi Rebi s uf l eba, wi naaRmd eg

SemTxvevaSi , pr es a ubr al o d ver Seas r ul ebd a Tavi s s as i c o c xl o mni Svnel o bi s

-

"mo d ar aj e ZaRl i s " – f unqc i as ; mar Tal i a, Zi r i Tad ad , es pr es as exeba, i gi ve

pr i nc i pebi gamo i yeneba aud i o vi z ual ur s aSual ebebTan mi mar TebaSi c .

Jur nal i s t i s

"mo val eo bebi s a

d a

pas uxi s mgebl o bebi s

ganxi l vi s as

gaTval i s wi nebul i a ko nkr et ul i mas o br i vi s ai nf o r mac i o s aSual ebebi s po t enc i ur i

z egavl ena; ukve s az o gad o d aRi ar ebul i a, r o m aud i o vi z ual ur s ai nf o r mac i o

s aSual ebebs uf r o d i d i z egavl eni s mo xd ena SeuZl i a, vi d r e pr esas (i x. pur sel i

d a s xvebi i r l and i i s wi naaRmd eg, ko mi s i i s 1996 wl i s 16 apr i l i s gad awyvet i l eba

s aqmi s mi Rebi s Ses axeb, ganc xad eba # 15-404/89, gad awyvet i l ebebi d a mo xs enebebi 70,

gv. 262). aud i o vi z ual ur i s ai nf o r mac i o s aSual ebebi i nf o r mac i as gad as c emen

Si naar s o br i vad d at vi r Tul i Tval s aCi no ebi T, r ac pr es as ar SeuZl i a. amave d r o s ,

gas aSuqebel i s aki Txi s Si naar s i s mi xed vi T r epo r t aJi s meTo d ebi d a mi z nebi

Sei Zl eba Zal i an gans xvavebul i i yo s . ar c am s as amar Tl o s d a ar c er o vnul i

s as amar Tl o s gad as awyvet i a, r epo r t aJi s r o mel i t eqni ka und a gamo eyenebi na

Jur nal i s t s . am ko nt eqs t Si s as amar Tl o mi uTi Tebs , r o m me-10 muxl i s d ebul ebi T

d ac ul i a ar a mxo l o d gamo xat ul i mo s az r ebebi s a d a i nf o r mac i i s ar s i , ar amed

maTi f o r mac

(i x. o ber s kl i ki avs t r i i s wi naaRmd eg, 1991 wl i s 23 mai s is

gad awyvet i l eba, s er i a A, # 204 gv. 25, par . 57). s as amar Tl o gani xi l avs

gas aCi vr ebul Car evas mTl i ano baSi d a i mas , ar i s Tu ar a r el evant ur i d a s akmar i s i

s axel mwi f o xel i s uf l ebi s mi er

am Car evi s gas amar Tl ebl ad war mo d geni l i

s abuTebi , agr eTve ar i s Tu ar a mi Rebul i z o mebi kano ni er i mi z ni s Ses abami s i (i x.

z emo T aRni Snul i "o bz er ver i s a" d a "gar d i ani s " gad awyvet i l eba, gv. 29-30, par . 59).

am s aki Txi s ganxi l vi s as s as amar Tl o

und a d ar wmund es , r o m s axel mwi f o

xel i s uf l ebi s mi er gamo yenebul i s t and ar t ebi Ses abami s o baSi a me-10 muxl i s

pr i nc i pebTan (i x. s kvabe avs t r i i s wi naaRmd eg, 1912 wl i s agvi s t o s gad awyvet i l eba,

s er i a A, # 242 b, gv. 32-33 par . 29).

Sef as ebi s as s as amar Tl o i Tval i s wi nebs , Tu r o go r i qna mo mz ad ebul i s i uJet i

"mwvane qur Tukebi s " Ses axeb, s i uJet i s Si naar s s , ko nt eqs t s , r o mel Si c i s i yo

gad ac emul i d a pr o gr ami s mi z ans . i Tval i s wi nebs r a gaer o s ko nvenc i i T d a s xva

aqt ebi T gans az Rvr ul mo nawi l e qveynebi s val d ebul ebas , mi i Ro n ef eqt ur i z o mebi

yvel a s axi s r as o br i vi d i s kr i mi nac i i s aRmo s af xvr el ad , r as i z mTan s abr Zo l vel ad

10

d a r asi st ul i aqt ebi s Tavi d an as ac i l ebl ad (i x. par . 21), s as amar Tl o , Tavi s mi er

gakeTebul Sef as ebaSi , yur ad Rebas amaxvi l ebs i maz e, o bi eqt ur ad hqo nd a Tu ar a

mi z nad

aRni Snul

s i uJet s

mTl i ano baSi

r as i s t ul i

mo s az r ebebi s a

d a

Sexed ul ebebi s pr o pagand a. er o vnul ma s as amar Tl o ebma xaz i gaus ves i m f aqt s , r o m

ganmc xad ebel ma Tvi To n gamo i Ci na s i uJet i s mo mz ad ebi s i ni c i at i va d a r o m man ar a

mar t o wi nas war i c o d a, r o m i nt er vi us ms vl el o bi s d r o s gakeTd ebo d a r as i s t ul i

ganc xad ebebi , ar amed mas ukve mo s meni l i hqo nd a aRni Snul i ganc xad ebebi . man

i mgvar i

r ed aqt i r eba gaukeTa pr o gr amas , r o m mas Si

Car Tul i

yo f i l i yo

Seur ac xmyo f el i ko ment ar ebi . mi s i mo nawi l eo bi s gar eSe es ko ment ar ebi ar

gavr c el d ebo d a ad ami anebi s f ar To wr eSi d a, Ses abami s ad , ar d aeqvemd ebar ebo d a

kano ni T d as j as (i x. par . 14-18). s as amar Tl o

d aakmayo f i l a am mi z ez ebi s

r el evant ur o bam me-10 muxl i s me-2 par agr af i s Ses abami s ad . meo r es mxr i v, r ac

Seexeba "mwvane qur Tukebi s " s i uJet i s Si naar s s , aRs ani Snavi a, r o m t el ewamyvani s

Ses aval i d ai wyo mi ni Snebi T bo l o d r o i nd el

s aj ar o d i s kus i ebz e d a pr es aSi

gamo qveynebul ko ment ar ebz e d ani aSi r as i z mi s wi naaRmd eg d a amgvar ad mo uwo d a

mayur ebl ebs eyur ebi naT pr o gr ami s aTvi s am ko nt eqs t Si . Semd go mSi man aRni Sna, r o m

pr o gr ami s mi z ani i yo pr o bl emaz e r eagi r eba, ko nkr et ul i r as i s t ul i o r i ent ac i i s

mqo ne pi r ebi s gamo vl ena maTi ment al i t et i s a s o c i al ur i war mo mavl o bi s Cvenebi T.

eWvs ar i wvevs , r o m aRni Snul i i nt er vi uebi namd vi l ad ems axur ebo d a am mi z ans .

mTl i an ko nt eqs t Si s i uJet s , o bi eqt ur i Tval s az r i s i T, namd vi l ad ver eqnebo d a

mi z nad r as i s t ul i Sexed ul ebebi s a d a Tval s az r i s ebi s pr o pagand a. pi r i qi T, i gi

aSkar ad c d i l o bd a – i nt er vi us s aSual ebi T – eCvenebi na d a ganemar t a, Tu r o go r i

d amo ki d ebul eba

hqo nd a

s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s

mt ki vneul i

s aki Txi s ad mi

axal gaz r d ebi s ko nkr et ul

j guf s . i s i ni , Zi r i Tad ad , war mo ad gend nen d abal

s o c i al ur i f enas , i yvnen Sez Rud ul i ganvi Tar ebi s , Zal ad o bas SeCveul i d a

kr i mi nal ur i gamo c d i l ebi s mqo ne. uz enaes ma s as amar Tl o m d aad gi na, r o m s i uJet i s

s ai nf o r mac i o

Ri r ebul eba ar

i yo

i md enad

maRal i , r o m gaemar Tl ebi na

ganc xad ebebi s gavr c el eba (i x. par . 18). magr am 31-e par agr af i d an gamo mdi nar e

s as amar Tl o ar Tvl i s , r o m kvi r i s axal i ambebi s Jur nal i s t ebi s mo s az r ebebi

s ad avo s i uJet i s i nf o r mac i ul i Ri r ebul ebi s Ses axeb, r o mel s ac emyar ebo d a maTi

gad awyvet i l eba am s i uJet i s mo mz ad ebi s a d a gad ac emi s Tao baz e, eWvi s s af uZvel s

bad ebs.

34. met i c , aRs ani Snavi a i s f aqt i , r o m s i uJet i war mo ad gend a qveyanaSi mi md i nar e

s er i o z ul i axal i ambebi s pr o gr ami s nawi l s d a i gi gans az Rvr ul i i yo kar gad

i nf o r mi r ebul i aud i t o r i i s aTvi s (i x. par . 9). s as amar Tl o s aTvi s ar ad amaj er ebl ad

JRer s er o vnul i s axel mwi f o ebi s s as amar Tl o ebi s mi er mo yvani l i ar gument i (i x.

par . 14 d a 18), r o m s i uJet i gad ac emul i i yo mas Si as axul i mo s az r ebebi s

yo vel gvar i kr i t i ki s mc d el o bi s gar eSe. r o go r c t el ewamyvani s Ses aval i , i s e

ganmc xad ebl i s

r espo d ent ebi sag an

axal gaz r d aTa j guf i ,

s aqc i el i

gad ac emi s

ms vl el o bi s as

aSkar ad

r o go r c

ku-kl uqs -kl ans ;

mi j navd a maT

eqs t r emi s t

(mag.,

man

aRwer a r es po d ent ebi ,

r o mel i c

mxar s

uWer d a

agr eTve

mi ni Snebul i i yo z o gi er Ti maTgani s kr i mi nal ur i war s ul i ). as eve man gaapr o t es t a

r amd eni me r as i s t ul i ganc xad eba, magal i Tad , i mi s aRni Svni T, r o m z o gi er T

Savkani ans s akmao d mni Svnel o vani s amuSao aqvs . s abo l o o d ar und a d agvavi wyd es ,

r o m mTl i an ko nt eqs t Si s i uJet s namd vi l ad hqo nd a i s d at vi r Tva, r o m r as i s t ul i

ganc xad ebebi

war mo ad gend a "mwvane qur Tukebi s " s az o gad o

ant i s o c i al ur i

d amo ki d ebul ebi s nawi l s . Ses aZl o a s i uJet i aSkar ad ar mi uTi Tebd a r as o br i vi

z i z Ri s a d a er Ti r as i s meo r ez e upi r at es o bi s Tval s az r i s i s po pul ar i z ac i i s

amo r al ur o bas a d a ukano no baz e, magr am z emo aRni Snul i d an gamo md i nar e, i mi s

gaTval i s wi nebi T, r o m d i d mas St abi ani pr o gr ami s c al keul mo kl e s i uJet ebs Tavi si

bunebr i vi

Sez Rud vebi

gaaCni aT, agr eTve Gamo xat vi s f o r mi s Tavi s uf l ebi s

11

mxed vel o baSi

mi Rebi T, s as amar Tl o

ar

Tvl i s , r o m amgvar i

Sef as ebi Ti

ko ment ar ebi s Ses aZl ebl o ba s er i o z ul f aqt o r s war mo ad gend a.

35. r ed aqt i r ebul Tu ar ar ed aqt i r ebul i nt er vi uebz e d amyar ebul i axal i ambebi s

r epo r t aJebi war mo ad gens er T -er T yvel az e mni Svnel o van gz as , r o ml i s

meSveo bi Tac pr es a as r ul ebs "mo d ar aj e ZaRl i s " s as i c o c xl o d mni Svnel o van

f unqc i as (i x. "gar d i ani s " d a "o bz er ver i s " gad awyvet i l eba, gv. 29-30, par . 59).

Jur nal i s t i s d as j a i nt er vi us d r o s s xva pi r i s mi er gakeTebul i ganc xad ebi s

gavr c el ebaSi

d axmar ebi s aTvi s

s er i o z ul ad

Seamc i r ebs

pr es i s

wvl i l s

s az o gad o ebi s aTvi s mt ki vneul i s aki Txebz e d i s kus i ebSi d a es z o mebi ar und a i yo s

mi Rebul i , Tu ami s aTvi s gans akuTr ebul i mi z ez ebi ar ar s ebo bs . am ko nt eqs t Si

s as amar Tl o ar i Rebs mTavr o bi s ar gument s i mi s Tao baz e, r o m d aki s r ebul i qna

j ar i mi s yvel az e ms ubuqi f o r ma. mni Svnel o vani i s ar i s , r o m Jur nal i s t i

gamt yunebul

i qna. eWvs ar

bad ebs gar emo eba, r o m ganc xad ebebz e, r o mel Ta

s af uZvel z ec gamo t ani l

i qna gamamt yunebel i ganaCeni (i x. par . 14), uf r o

Jur nal i s t i i yo pas uxi s mgebel i , vi d r e mi z no br i vi j guf i , r o ml i s wevr ebi c ar

s ar gebl o ben me-10 muxl i T gans az Rvr ul i uf l ebebi T. (i x., mag., ko mi s i i s

gad awyvet i l eba, gl i mer vi ni d a hagenbi ki ho l and i i s wi naaRmd eg. ganc xad eba #

8348/78 d a 8406/78 gad awyvet i l ebebi d a mo xs enebebi 18; gv. 187; d a kuneni ger mani i s

wi naaRmd eg, ganc xad eba # 12194/86, gad awyvet i l ebebi d a mo xs enebebi 56; gv. 205).

magr am i mi s gaTval i s wi nebi T, Tu r o go r mo amz ad a ganmc xad ebel ma s i uJet i "mwvane

qu r Tukebz e", ar Sei Zl eba i mi s Tqma, r o m s i uJet i , r o go r c i s gad ai c a mTl i an

ko nt eqs t Si , amar Tl ebs ganmc xad ebl i s gamt yunebas d a mas z e d aki s r ebul s as j el s

s i s xl i s s amar Tl i s ko d eqs i T gaTval i s wi nebul i d anaSaul i s aTvi s .

36. met i c , s aeWvo ar ar i s gar emo eba, r o m

mo mz ad ebul gad ac emaSi r as i s t ul i ar gaxl d aT. mi uxed avad i mi s a, r o m man aRni Sna

es gar emo eba er o vnul s as amar Tl o ebSi war mar Tul i pr o c es ebi s d r o s ,

ganmc xad ebl i s mi z ani mi s mi er

r el evant ur i gad awyvet i l ebebi d an ar Cans , r o m aRni Snul i f aqt o r i mxed vel o baSi

i qna mi Rebul i (i x. par . 14, 17 d a 18).

z emo aRni Snul i s gaTval i s wi nebi T, ganmc xad ebl i s gamamt yunebel i ganaCeni s a d a

mas z e d aki s r ebul i s as j el i s war mo d geni l i mt ki c ebul ebebi ar i yo s akmar i s i i mi s

d amaj er ebl ad d as as abuTebl ad , r o m Car eva ganmc xad ebl i s mi er

gamo xat vi s

' auc i l ebl o bas

s az o gad o ebaSi "; gans akuTr ebi T ki , r o m gamo yenebul i z o mebi i yo

Tavi suf l ebi s

d emo kr at i ul

uf l ebi s

ganxo r c i el ebaSi

war mo ad gend a

"s xvaTa uf l ebebi s a an r eput ac i i s " d ac vi s mi z ni s pr o po r c i ul i . Ses abami s ad ,

mi Rebul i z o mebi war mo ad gens ko nvenc i i s me-10 mu xl i s d ar Rvevas .

II.

50-e mu xl i s gamo yeneba

38. b-ni j er s i l d i i Txo vd a s amar Tl i an d akmayo f i l ebas ko nvenc i i s 50-e muxl i s

s af uZvel z e, r o mel i c mi uTi Tebs :

"Tu s as amar Tl o mi i Cnevs , r o m mo nawi l e s axel mwi f o s i ur i d i ul i xel i s uf l ebi s an

r ai me s xva xel i s uf l ebi s mi er mi Rebul i gad awyvet i l eba an z o mebi mTl i anad an

nawi l o br i v wi naaRmd ego baSi a ko nvenc i i T gans az Rvr ul val d ebul ebebTan ............ d a

Tu Si d a kano ni d a mo nawi l e s axel mwi f o aRni Snul i gad awyvet i l ebi s d a z o mi s

Sed egebz e mxo l o d nawi l o br i vi ko mpens ac i i s s aSual ebas i Zl eva, s as amar Tl o

gad awyvet i l ebam s aWi r o ebi s SemTxvevaSi und a uz r unvel yo s d az ar al ebul i mxar i s

s amar Tl i ani d akmayo f i l eba".

39. mTavr o bam nawi l o br i v mi i Ro mi s i s ar Cel i . ko mi s i as ko ment ar ebi ar gaukeTebi a.

12

a. mat er i al ur i z ar al i

40. ganmc xad ebel ma mo i Txo va mas z e d aki s r ebul i

j ar i mi s , aTas i

kr o ni s ,

ko mpens i r eba, r o mel i c mi s magi vr ad gad ai xad a d ani i s r ad i o m.

41. mTavr o bas amaz e wi naaRmd ego ba ar gauwevi a d a s as amar Tl o mi i Cnevs aRni Snul i

Tanxi s ko mpens i r ebi s mar Tebul o bas .

b. ar amat er i al ur i z ar al i

42. ganmc xad ebel ma mo i Txo va o c i aTas i kr o na ar amat er i al ur i z i ani s aTvi s . man

aRni Sna, r o m mi s i pr o f es i ul i r eput ac i a Ser yeul i qna d a i gi aRmo Cnd a mZi me

md go mar eo baSi gamt yunebi s Sed egad .

43. s as amar Tl o m d aad gi na, r o m ganmc xad ebel i kvl av muSao bs kvi r i s axal i ambebi s

Jur nal Si , d ani i s r ad i o Si d a mi s i d amqi r avebel i mi s gver d i T i yo mTel i

s as amar Tl o pr o c es i s per i o d Si , ker Zo d , gad auxad a mas d aki s r ebul i j ar i ma (i x.

par .

gad as axad ebi (i x. par . 44). i gi eTanxmeba mTavr o bas , r o m ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl i s

d ar Rvevi s d ad gena Tavi s Tavad ukve war mo ad gens s aTanad o s amar Tl i an

9

d a 40), agr eTve gad ai xad a pr o c es Tan d akavSi r ebul i ho no r ar ebi d a

d akmayo f i l ebas am s aki TxTan d akavSi r ebi T.

c. xar j ebi

44. ganmc xad ebel ma xar j ebTan d akavSi r ebi T mo i Txo va:

(a)

45000 kr o na mi s i ad vo kat i s , b-ni j . s t o kho l mi s mi er ad gi l o br i v

s as amar Tl o Si Cat ar ebul i s amuSao s aTvi s ;

(b)

i ur i s t ebi s ho no r ar ebi s t r as bur gi s s as amar Tl o s pr o c es i s aTvi s , aqed an

13 126,80 kr o na q-ni i o hanes eni s aTvi s ,

6

900 f unt i s t er l i ngi b-ni

bo i l i s aTvi s d a 50 000 kr o na (25% d .R.g.-s gar d a) b-ni t r i er i s aTvi s ;

20 169,20 kr o na Tar j i mni s a d a eqs per t ebi s xar j ebi ;

25 080 kr o na, 965,40 f unt i s t er l i ngi d a 40 075 f r angul i f r anki

mgz avr o bi s a d a d Ri ur i xar j ebi s aTvi s , r o ml ebi c d akavSi r ebul i i yo

ko mi s i i s a d a s as amar Tl o s pr o c es ebTan d a s xva xar j ebi .

(c)

(d)

aRni S nul i xar j ebi nawi l o br i v gac emul i i yo d ani i s r ad i o s mi er . mTavr o bas

wi naaRmd ego ba ar gauwevi a aRni Snul mo Txo vnebz e. s as amar Tl o mi i Cnevs , r o m

ganmc xad ebel s uf l eba aqvs mTl i anad mi i Ro s ko mpens i r eba aRni Snul Tanxaz e.

es Tanxa und a gai z ar d o s s aWi r o ebi s SemTxvevaSi d .R.g.-s pr o c ent i s o d eno bi T.

aRni Snul i mi z ez ebi s gamo s as amar Tl o

1. ad gens 12 xmi T 7-s wi naaRmd eg, r o m ad gi l i hqo nd a ko nvenc i i s me-10

muxl i s d ar Rvevas ;

2. ad gens 17 xmi T 2-i s wi naaRmd eg, r o m d ani am und a gad auxad o s

ganmc xad ebel s

1000

d ani ur i

kr o na

s ami

Tvi s

ganmavl o baSi

mat er i al ur i z ar al i s as anaz Raur ebl ad ; agr eTve yvel a xar j i ,

r o mel i c gamo Tvl i l i und a i yo s 45 par agr af i s Ses abami s ad ;

3. er Ts ul o vnad ambo bs uar s s ar Cel i s d anar Ceni nawi l i s s amar Tl i an

d akmayo f i l ebaz e.

13

mo s amar Tl eebi s , r i s d al i s , ber nar d i s , s pi l meni s a d a l uaz us er To bl i vi

gans xvavebul i mo s az r eba

1. es pi r vel i SemTxvevaa, r o d es ac s as amar Tl o gani xi l avs s aqmes

r as i s t ul i ganc xad ebebi s gavr c el ebi s Tao baz e, s ad ac ad ami anTa d i d i

j guf i s "ad ami anur " Ri r s ebas l axaven. ad r i nd el gad awyvet i l ebebSi

s as amar Tl o m – Cveni az r i T mar Tebul ad - gau s va xaz i mas o br i vi

s ai nf o r mac i o

s aSual ebebi s

ud i d es

mni Svnel o bas

d emo kr at i ul

s az o gad o ebaSi , magr am mas ar as o d es ganuxi l avs s i t uac i a, s ad ac

"s xvaTa uf l ebebi d a r eput ac i a" (muxl i 10, par . 2) i s eTi d i d i

xar i s xi T yo f i l i yo s war mo d geni l i , r o go r c aq.

2. veTanxmebi T umr avl es o bas (gad awyvet i l ebi s par . 35), r o m "mwvane

qur Tukebi "

Tavi s Tavad

"ar

s ar gebl o ben

me-10

muxl i T

gaTval i s wi nebul i d ac vi T". i gi ve und a i Tqvas Jur nal i s t ebz ec , vi nc

avr c el ebs amgvar ganc xad ebebs maTi mxar d aWer i T an mo wo nebi T. es ar

exeba ganmc xad ebel s , magr am auc i l ebel i a s aTanad o wo nas wo r o bi s

d aWer a pr es i s Tavi s uf l ebas a d a s xvaTa d ac vas So r i s . magr am

umr avl es o ba upi r at es o bas ani Webs Jur nal i s t i s Tavi s uf l ebas , vi d r e

i maT d ac vas , vi nc r as o br i vi z i z Ri s agan z ar al d eba.

3. ar c i nt er vi us wer i l o bi Ti t eqs t i (par . 11), ar c vi d eo f i l mi , r o mel i c

vnaxeT, aCvenebs naTl ad , r o m "mwvane qur Tukebi s " mi er gakeTebul i

ganc xad ebebi mi uRebel i a ad ami ani s uf l ebebi s mi mar T pat i vi s c emaz e

agebul

s az o gad o ebaSi . ganmc xad ebel ma mTl i ani i nt er vi u r amd eni me

wuTamd e d ai yvana, s ad ac ganz r ax i yo d at o vebul i yvel az e uxeSi

ko ment ar ebi . as eT SemTxvevaSi auc i l ebel i i yo naTel i uar yo f i Ti

Sef as ebi s d amat eba. s as amar Tl o s umr avl es o bas mi aCni a, r o m amgvar i

uar yo f i Ti Sef as eba Tvi T s i uJet i s ko nt eqs t i d an gamo md i nar eo bs ,

magr am es gaxl avT f ar ul i Si naar s i s i nt er pr et i r eba. ver avi n

uar yo f s , r o m s az o gad o ebi s nawi l ma t el evi z i i T mo i s mi na Tavi anTi

r as i s t ul i az r ebi s d as t ur i .

d a r o go r und a egr Zno T Tavi i maT, r o mel Ta ad ami anur Ri r s ebas Tavs

d aes xnen d a vi s i ad ami anur i Ri r s ebac uar yves "mwvane qur Tukel ebma"?

aqvT Tu ar a maT Segr Zneba, r o m t el evi z i aSi gad mo c emul i s i uJet i

mTl i an ko nt eqs t Si i c avs maT uf l ebebs ? Jur nal i s t i s keTi l i

z r axvebi ar ar i s s akmar i s i , gans akuTr ebi T i m SemTxvevaSi , r o d es ac

man Tvi To n gaukeTa pr o vo c i r eba r as i s t ul ganc xad ebebs .

4. s aer TaSor i s o ko nvenc i a yvel a f o r mi s r as o br i vi d i s kr i mi nac i i s

aRmo f xvr i s

Ses axeb

al baT

ar

mo i Txo vs

aRni Snul i

t i pi s

s at el evi z i o s i uJet z e pas uxi s mgebel i pi r i s d as j as . meo r es mxr i v, i gi

i z i ar ebs mo s az r ebas , r o m auc i l ebel i a s ai nf o r mac i o s aSual ebebma

mt ki c e po z i c i a i qo ni o n r as o br i vi d i s kr i mi nac i i s a d a z i z Ri s

s aki TxTan d akavSi r ebi T.

5. r as o br i vi d i s kr i mi nac i i s a d a d evni s s af r Txe namd vi l ad s er i o z ul ad

d gas Cvens s az o gad o ebaSi d a s as amar Tl o m mar Tebul ad gaus va xaz i

nebi s mi er i f o r mi s a d a gamo xat ul ebi s r as o br i vi d i s kr i mi nac i i s

wi naaRmd eg br Zo l i s s as i c o c xl o mni Svnel o bas (i x. gad awyvet i l ebi s

par . 30). d ani as

s r ul ad

aqvs

gac no bi er ebul i , r o m s aWi r o a

wo nas wo r o bi s d ac va gamo xat vi s Tavi s uf l ebi s uf l ebas a d a i maTi

d ac vi s uf l ebas So r i s , vi s i ad ami anur i uf l ebac Sei l axa. d ani i s

s as amar Tl o ebma

yur ad Rebi T

gani xi l es

ganmc xad ebl i s

14

pas uxi s mgebl o ba d a maTi d as kvnebi s mi z ez ebi r el evant ur i gaxl avT.

r as o br i vi umc i r es o bi s uf l eba ar Sei Zl eba nakl ebmni Svnel o vani

i yo s , vi d r e i nf o r mac i i s gad ac emi s uf l eba d a am ko nkr et ul

s i t uac i aSi ,

war mo ad gens d ani i s uz enaes i s as amar Tl o s magi er i mi s gad awyvet a, am

ko nf l i qt ur i i nt er es ebi d an r o mel i a uf r o mni Svnel o vani .

d ar wmunebul i var T, r o m d ani i s s as amar Tl o ebi i m Tavi s uf l ebi s

Cveni

az r i T,

am s as amar Tl o s

pr er o gat i vas

ar

f ar gl ebSi

mo qmed ebd nen, r o mel s ac

am s aki TxTan d akavSi r ebi T

d at o vebul i

aqvT mo nawi l e s axel mwi f o ebs . Ses abami s ad , d ani i s

s as amar Tl o ebi s d ad geni l eba ver i qneba mi Cneul i ko nvenc i i s me-10

muxl i s d ar Rvevad .

mo s amar Tl eebi s , gi o ki ukl i us , r us o s a d a val t i ko s i s er To bl i vi gans xvavebul i

mo saz r eba

Cven ver gavi z i ar ebT j er s i l d i s s aqmeSi umr avl es o bi s az r s .

am s aqmeSi mar Tl ac o r Zi r i Tad pr i nc i ps vxvd ebi T; er T-er Ti maTgani gaxl avT

ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl i T gans az Rvr ul i gamo xat vi s Tavi s uf l ebi s uf l eba, meo r e ki

r as o br i vi z i z Ri s pr o pagand i s akr Zal va, r ac aSkar ad war mo ad gens me-10 muxl i s

me-2 par agr af i s er T -er T Sez Rud vas , d a met i c , war mo ad gens gaer Ti anebul i er ebi s

o r gani z ac i i s gener al ur i as ambl ei s mi er mi Rebul i ad ami ani s uf l ebebi s Ses axeb

d o kument ebi s , ker Zo d ki nebi s mi er i f o r mi s r as o br i vi d i s kr i mi nac i i s aRmo f xvr i s

Ses axeb 1965 wl is ko nvenc i i s , d ebul ebas . aRni Snul i ko nvenc i i s i gno r i r eba ar

Sei Zl eba evr o pi s

ko nvenc i i s

d ebul ebebi s

ganxo r c i el ebi s as . met i c , i gi

s aval d ebul o a d ani i s aTvi s . am ko nvenc i i Tve und a i xel mZRvanel o s evr o pi s

ad ami ani s uf l ebebi s s as amar Tl o m Tavi s gad awyvet i l ebebSi , gans akuTr ebi T i s eT

SemTxvevebSi , r o d es ac aRni Snul i ko nvenc i a ganmar t avs evr o pi s ko nvenc i i s uf r o

z o gad d a f ar To d ebul ebebs .

j er s i l d i s s aqmeSi gamo Tqmul i ganc xad ebebi , r o ml ebi c yo vel gvar i ko ment ar ebi s

gar eSe gad ai c a t el evi z i i T, namd vi l ad axd end a z i z Ri s pr o vo c i r ebas ar a mar t o

z o gad ad uc xo el ebi s , ar amed Savkani anebi s mi mar T, r o ml ebi c aRwer i l i i yvnen

r o go r c d abal i r as a ("Sexed e go r i l as s ur aTs d a mer e Sexed e z angs , i gi ve

aRnago ba d a yvel af er i , br t yel i Subl i d a yvel af er i s xva"... "z angi ar ar i s

ad ami ani , i s c xo vel i a, i s eve r o go r c yvel a s xva uc xo el i muSa, Tur qebi ,

i ugo s l avebi d a r a vi c i , r as ac Tavi s Tavs eZaxi an").

Cven j er o vnad vaf as ebT i m f aqt s , r o m z o gi er Ti mo s amar T l e d i d mni Svnel o bas

ani Webs gamo xat vi s Tavi s uf l ebas , gans akuTr ebi T i mi s gamo , r o m maT mSo bl i ur

qveynebSi am bo l o d r o md e am Tavi s uf l ebi s s akmao d d i d i nakl ebo ba Sei ni Snebo d a,

magr am amave d r o s ver Seveguebi T i mas , r o m es Tavi s uf l eba i qamd e mi vi d es , r o m

Ses aZl ebel i gaxd es s xva r as ebi s ad mi z i z Rs waqez eba d a aman gad awo no s i m pi r Ta

d ac vi s uf l eba, r o ml ebi c gans xvavebul

r as as mi ekuTvnebi an. ganmc xad ebel i

c d i l o bs d ai c vas s i uJet i i m mo t i vi T, r o m mas und a gamo ewvi a mayur ebl ebs So r i s

j ans aRi uar yo f i Ti r eaqc i a. es met ad o pt i mi s t ur i Sexed ul ebaa, r o mel i c

pr aqt i ki T ar mar Tl d eba. d Res axal gaz r d ebi s , d a Ses aZl o a mTel i mo saxl eo bi s,

umet es o ba, c xo vr ebi s s i r Tul eebi Ta d a s i Rar i bi T d aRl i l i , c d i l o bs i po vo s

gant evebi s vac i maT So r i s , vi s z ed ac mi uTi Teben yo vel gvar i gamaf r Txi l ebel i

ko ment ar ebi s gar eSe; s ayur ad Rebo a – d a es mni Svnel o vani a – r o m s i uJet z e

pas uxi s mgebel Jur nal i s t s r ai me s axi s uar yo f i Ti Sef as eba ar gaukeTebi a i maT

Sexed ul ebebz e, vi s i ganc xad ebebi c gad mo s c a, r i s i gakeTebac auc i l ebel i i yo ,

r aTa aRni Snul ganc xad ebebs s as ur vel i Sed egi mo exd i na mayur ebl ebz e.

15

Ses abami s ad mi gvaCni a, r o m aRni Snul i , Tanac s akmao d z o mi er i z o mebi s mi Rebi T,

d ani i s s as amar Tl o ebs ar avi Tar SemTxvevaSi d aur Rvevi aT ko nvenc i i s me-10 muxl i .

mo s amar Tl eebi s ,

gi o ki ukl i us a

d a

val t i ko s i s

er To bl i vi

d amat ebi Ti

gans xvavebul i mo s az r eba

Cven gad awyvet i l ebi s d ebul ebebi s me-2 pu nqt i s wi naaRmd egi var T; mt ki c ed gvwams

r a, r o m ganmc xad ebel s ar und a emo qmed a r as i z mi s wi naaRmd eg d ac vi s uf l ebi s

s awi naaRmd ego d , gaumar Tl ebl ad mi gvaCni a mi s Tvi s r ai me ko mpens ac i i s gad axd a.

16