foqsi, kempbeli da hartli gaerTianebuli samefos

winaaRmdeg

FOX, CAMPBELL AND HARTLEY V.UNITED KINGDOM

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare

A. batoni foqsisa da qalbatoni kempbelis Sesaxeb

8. pirveli da meore momCivanebi – bernard foqsi da mear kempbeli arian col-qmari, magram

gayrili. orive cxovrobs belfastSi, CrdiloeT irlandiaSi.

9. 1986 wlis5 Tebervals isini policiam belfastSi daakava da miiyvana vudbernis policiis

("RUC") ganyofilebaSi, sadac Catarda maTi avtomobilis Cxreka. policiis ganyofilebaSi

miyvanidan 25 wuTis Semdeg, dRis 3 saaTsa da 40 wuTze, isini oficialurad daakaves (arrested)

CrdiloeT irlandiis 1978 wlis kanonis (sagangebo debulebebi)(SemdgomSi “1978 wlis kanoni”)

me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtis safuZvelze (ix. punqti 16 qvemoT). maT acnobes, rom isini

dakavebuli arian aRniSnuli muxliT imis gamo, rom damkavebeli oficeri Tvlis, rom isini

teroristebi arian. maT ecnobaT, agreTve, rom dakavebis periodi SeiZleba gagrZeldes 72

saaTis ganmavlobaSi. isini waiyvanes qeslrigis policiis ganyofilebaSi, sadac imave dRes

moxda maTi cal-calke dakiTxva saRamos 8 sT. da 15 wT-sa da 10 saaTs Soris periodSi.

10. dakavebis periodSi foqsi da kempbeli dahkiTxes maT mier dakavebis dRes droebiTi

irlandiis respublikuri armiisTvis (SemdgomSi “droebiTi IRA”) sadazvervo informaciis

mopovebisa da kurieruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. isini, aseve dakiTxul iqnen am organizaciaSi maTi

wevrobis Sesaxeb. mTavrobis gancxadebis Tanaxmad, operatiuli informacia maT winaaRmdeg

policias ukve xelT hqonda maTi manqanis gaCerebis momentSi.

brali ar wauyenebiaT arc erTi momCivanisTvis. pirveli momCivani gaaTavisufles 1986 wlis 7

Tebervals dilis 11 sT-sa da 40 wT-ze, xolo, meore momCivani – xuTi wuTis Semdeg. maTi

policiis ganyofilebaSi miyvanis drois gamoklebiT, pirveli momCivani dakavebuli iyo 44

saaTis, xolo, meore 44 saaTisa da 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi.

11. dakavebis Semdeg foqssa da kempbels warudgines maTi uflebebis amsaxveli werilobiTi

dokumenti, romelsac, Cveulebriv, gadascemen policiis mier dakavebul pirebs. isini ar

warudgeniaT mosamarTlis winaSe. maT ar miecaT, agreTve SesaZlebloba miemarTaT giraos

pirobiT gaTavisuflebis TxovniT. 6 Tebervals orive momCivanma aRZra saqme habeas corpus-is

Sesabamisad, magram orive gaTavisuflda mosamarTlis mier maTi saCivrebis ganxilvamde.

12. 1979 wels batoni foqsi msjavrdebuli iqna asafeTqebel nivTierebasTan dakavSirebuli

danaSaulisTvis da miesaja 12 wlis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. mas msjavri daedo, agreTve

IRA-s wevrobisTvis, risTvisac Seefarda 5 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. 1979 wels qalbaton

1

kempbels, mas Semdeg, rac igi damnaSaved cnes asafeTqebel nivTierebasTan dakavSirebul

danaSaulSi TanamonawileobisaTvis, miesaja pirobiT 18 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.

B. batoni hartlis Sesaxeb

13. mesame momCivani, batoni samuel hartli, cxovrobsuoTerfutSi,CrdiloeT irlandiaSi. 1986

wlis 18 agvistos igi daakaves saxlSi, mSoblebis TandaswrebiT, dilis 7 sT-sa da 55 wT-ze.

dakavebisas mas ecnoba, rom is daakaves 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtis

safuZvelze da, rom eWvmitanilia teroristul saqmianobaSi. is waiyvanes antrimis policiis

ganyofilebaSi, sadac misvlisas warudgines werilobiTi dokumenti, romelic gadaecema

policiis mier dakavebul pirs. policiam igi dakiTxa dilis 11:05-dan dRis 12:15 saaTebis

periodSi.

14. batoni hartli eWvmitanili iyo adamianis gatacebaSi, romelic moxda erTi TviT adre

balimenaSi, rodesac niRbianma SeiaraRebulma pirebma iZulebiT waiyvanes axalgazrda qali da

kaci. arsebobda varaudi, rom gamtaceblebs kavSiri hqondaT droebiT IRA-Tan. komisiis

sxdomaze mTavrobam ganacxada, rom batoni hartlis pirveli dakiTxvis oqmis Tanaxmad, mas

SekiTxvebi dausves mcire geografiul arealSi teroristuli saqmianobisa da droebiT IRA-Si

misi wevrobis Sesaxeb.

mis winaaRmdeg brali ar wauyenebiaT. igi gaaTavisufles 1986 wlis 19 agvistos dRis 2 sT-sa

da 10 wT-ze, 30 saaTiTa da 15 wuTiT dakavebaSi yofnis Semdeg.

II. Sesabamisi Sida kanonmdebloba da praqtika

15. gasuli 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi CrdiloeT irlandiis 1.5 milioniani mosaxleoba terorizmis

safrTxis qveS cxovrobs (ix. 1978 wlis 18 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze Ireland v. the United

Kingdom, Series A no. 25, gv. 9-31, §§ 11-77; aseve, 1988 wlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan and

Others, Series A no. 145-B, gv. 21, § 25). moklulia 2750 adamiani, maT Soris 800 uSiSroebis

TanamSromeli da dasaxiCrebulia an daSavebuli kidev 31900 adamiani. teroris kampania

gavrcelda gaerTianebuli samefos danarCen nawilSic da evropis materikzec.

CrdiloeT irlandiaSi arsebuli mdgomareobis mosagvareblad SemoRebul iqna gansakuTrebuli

kanonmdebloba. amgvarad, 1978 wlis kanoni da misi winamorbedi kanonebi, 1973 wlis CrdiloeT

irlandiis kanoni(SemdgomSi 1973 wlis kanoni), agreTve masSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb

1975 wlis kanoni (SemdgomSi “1975 wlis kanoni”) miRebul iyvnen imisaTvis, rom uSiSroebis

samsaxurebs ufro efeqturi brZola SesZlebodaT terorizmis safrTxis winaaRmdeg.

B. 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxli

16. 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxli, inter alia, iTvaliswinebs dakavebis(arrest) uflebas. me-11

muxlis Sesabamisi punqtebis Sinaarsi, romelic Semdgom 1987 wels gauqmda, aseTia:

2

"1. nebismier konstebls SeuZlia orderis gareSe daakavos piri, romelic misi azriT SeiZleba

iyos teroristi.

...

3. am muxlis Tanaxmad dakavebuli piri ar SeiZleba dakavebuli iyos 72 saaTze meti xnis

ganmavlobaSi. am pirze ar gavrceldeba magistratTa sasamarTlos Sesaxeb CrdiloeT irlandiis

1964 wlis kanonis 132-e muxli da bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis Sesaxeb CrdiloeT irlandiis

1968 wlis kanonis 50-e muxlis me-3 punqti (moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom dakavebuli piri

magistratTa sasamarTlos waredginos dakavebidan ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa)”.

am muxlis me-2 punqtiT daSvebuli iyo SenobaSi Sesvla da misi gaCxreka, Tu arsebobda eWvi,

rom iq imyofeba teroristi an, rom iq myofi piri teroristia.

17. 1978 wlis kanonis 31-e muxli iZleva “teroristisa” da “terorizmis” gansazRvrebas.

teroristi aris “piri, romelic monawileobda teroristuli aqtis CadenaSi an Cadenis

mcdelobaSi an mis xelmZRvanelobaSi, organizebaSi an teroristuli miznebisTvis pirebis

momzadebaSi”. terorizmi gansazRvrulia, rogorc “Zaladobis gamoyeneba politikuri

miznebisTvis, rasac Tan axlavs Zaladoba sazogadoebis an misi nawilis daSinebis mizniT”.

1978 wlis kanonis 21-e muxlis da me-2 danarTis Tanaxmad, zogierTi organizacia – erT-erTi

maTgania IRA, maT Soris droebiTi IRA – akrZalulia: aseTi organizaciis kuTvnileba an misi

kuTvnilebis Riad aRiareba iTvleba danaSaulad. danaSaulia, agreTve aseTi organizaciis

xelSewyoba an daxmarebisken waqezeba;. winaswari SecnobiT masSi wvlilis Setana an misgan

raimes miReba; piris xelSewyoba an waqezeba, gawevriandes aseT organizaciaSi an misi saxeliT

Seasrulos misi brZanebebi, miTiTebebi an Txovnebi.

18. 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebis uflebamosileba Tavdapirvelad

Sedioda 1973 wlis kanoniT SemoRebul droebiTi dakavebis wesebSi, romlebmac Secvales adre

arsebuli internirebis wesi (ix. 1978 wlis 18 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze Ireland v. the

United Kingdom, Series A no. 25, gv. 25, §§ 38-39, § 88). 1980 wels es wesebi, (romlebic Sesulia

1975 da 1978 wlebis kanonebSi), gauqmda, garda me-11 muxlisa da am droidan moyolebuli

zemoaRniSnuli uflebamosileba gamoiyeneboda damoukideblad da iTvaliswinebda dakavebas 72

saaTis ganmavlobaSi.

1973 wlidan kanonmdebloba, romelic aRniSnul uflebamosilebas iTvaliswinebda, periodulad

unda gadasinjuliyo parlamentis mier. amitomac, 1978 wlis kanonis mixedviT (33-e muxli),

Sesabamisi debulebebi ganaxlebadi gaxda. maTi gadasinjva xdeboda yovel eqvs TveSi 1987 wels

maT saboloo gauqmebamde.

20. me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebis uflebaze imsjela lordTa

palatam saqmeze McKee v. Chief Constable for Northern Ireland [1985] 1 All England Law Reports 1-4. am

saqmeze lordTa palatam ganacxada, rom am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dakavebis

uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebisTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs damkavebeli policiis

TanamSromlis azrs. dakavebisTvis aucilebeli iyo, rom damkavebel TanamSromels hqonoda eWvi,

3

rom piri, romelsac is akavebs, teroristia, sxva SemTxvevaSi dakaveba ukanonod CaiTvleboda.

mas aseTi eWvi SeiZleba gasCenoda zemdgomi Tanamdebobis pirisagan miRebul informaciaze

dayrdnobiT, magram, me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad, igi ver daakavebda pirs mxolod zemdgomi

Tanamdebobis piris eWvis safuZvelze, Tu mas TviTon ar eqneboda amgvarive eWvi. lordma

roskilma, romelsac sxva lordebic daeTanxmnen, ganacxada, rom aucilebeli ara aris eWvi

iyos safuZvliani, mTavaria policiis TanamSromels marTlac keTilsindisierad sjerodes, rom

piri eWvs iwvevs.

21. garda amisa, orderis gareSe piris dakaveba eqvemdebareba saerTo samarTliT dadgenil

wesebs, romlebic asaxulia lordTa palatis gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze Christie v. Leachinsky

[1947] Appeal Cases 573 at 587 and 600. dakavebul pirs, Cveulebriv, misTvis gasageb enaze unda

ecnobos misi dakavebis namdvili mizezebis Sesaxeb misi dakavebis momentSive an, Tu arsebobs

gansakuTrebuli sapatio garemoebebi, mogvianebiT, rogorc ki es mizanSewonili iqneba. piri

kanonierad dakavebulad iTvleba 1978 wlis me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtis safuZvelze, Tu mas

acnobeben, rom igi dakavebulia am muxliT da eWvmitanilia terorizmSi (ix. re McElduff [1972]

Northern Ireland Reports 1 and McKee v. Chief Constable, loc. cit.).

C. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi

23. pirs, romelic Tvlida, rom misi dakaveba me-11 muxlis safuZvelze ukanono iyo, hqonda ori

saSualebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, kerZod: (a) mas SeeZlo es moqmedeba gaesaCivrebina habeas

corpus-is safuZvelze, romlis Tanaxmad dakavebul pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos misi dauyovnebliv

gaTavisufleba; an (b) aReZra samoqalaqo saqme da moeTxova zianis anazRaureba ukanonod

dakavebisTvis (ix. zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Others, Series A no. 145-B, gv.

25, §§ 39-41). orive SemTxvevaSi, kanonierebis ganxilva moicavs saproceso sakiTxebs,

rogorebicaa: acnobes Tu ara dakavebul pirs misi dakavebis namdvili mizezebis Sesaxeb (Christie

v. Leachinsky, loc. cit.) da daculi iyo Tu ara me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli

moTxovnebi. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, sasamarTlo ar gamoikvlevda, iyo Tu ara eWvi safuZvliani

dakavebis procesSi, aramed yuradRebas gaamaxvilebda imaze, namdvilad hqonda Tu ara damkavebel

policiis TanamSromels eWvi (McKee v. Chief Constable, loc. cit.).

saqmis warmoeba komisiaSi

25. 1989 wlis 4 maisis moxsenebaSi (muxli 31) komisiam gamoTqva mosazreba, rom yvela

momCivanis mimarT darRveulia me-5 muxlis 1, 2 da 5 punqtebi (Svidi xmiT xuTis winaaRmdeg),

magram ara me-4 punqti (cxra xmiT samis winaaRmdeg). man erTsulovnad daaskvna, rom me-13

muxlTan dakavSirebiT raime calke sakiTxi ar warmoiSveba.

samarTlebrivi mxare

I. zogadi midgoma

4

28. momCivanTa saCivari exeba maT dapatimrebasa da dakavebas im sisxlis samarTlis

kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze, romelic miRebulia CrdiloeT irlandiis saqmeebTan dakavSirebuli

teroristuli aqtebis winaaRmdeg brZolis mizniT.

gasuli oci wlis ganmavlobaSi CrdiloeT irlandiaSi mZvinvare terorizmma mZime Sedegebi

moitana, gansakuTrebiT adamianTa sicocxlisa da tanjvis TvalsazrisiT (ix. punqti 15 zemoT).

sasamarTlom ukve aRiara, rom, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia konvenciiT, aucilebelia

SenarCunebul iqnes balansi saerTo miznebisTvis demokratiuli institutebis dacvasa da

pirovnebis uflebebis dacvas Soris (ix. 1988 wlis 29 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan

and Others, Series A no. 145-B, gv. 27, § 48). Sesabamisad, am saCivrebis ganxilvisas, iseve rogorc,

Brogan and Others saqmeze, sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi miiRebs

terorizmis danaSaulis

gansakuTrebul xasiaTsa da mis winaaRmdeg brZolis Taviseburebebs, magram im farglebSi,

romlebic misaRebia konvenciis Sesabamisi debulebebidan gamomdinare, am debulebebis rogorc

sityva-sityviTi mniSvnelobiT, ise mTeli konvenciis daniSnulebisa da miznis gaTvaliswinebiT.

II. me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis savaraudo darRveva

29. momCivanebi acxadeben, rom darRveulia konvenciis me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti, romelic,

ramdenadac saqmes exeba, adgens, rom:

"..."

momCivanebi ar asaCivreben imas, rom maTi dapatimreba kanonieri iyo CrdiloeT irlandiis

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, konvenciis am debulebis miznebisTvis da, kerZod, frazis “kanoniT

dadgenili wesiT” TvalsazrisiT.

30. magram isini acxadeben, rom maTi dakaveba moxda danaSaulis CadenaSi “safuZvliani” eWvis

ararsebobis pirobebSi. 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxlis mixedviT, “nebismier konstebls

SeuZlia orderis gareSe daakavos piri, romelic misi azriT SeiZleba iyos teroristi” (ix.

punqtebi 9, 13 da 16 zemoT). momCivanTa gancxadebiT, es muxli pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba me-5

muxlis pirvel punqts im mxriv, rom igi ar Seicavs safuZvlianobis moTxovnas. momCivanebi

daeTanxmnen komisiis mosazrebas, rom faqtebiT ar mtkicdeba is, rom maTi dakaveba moxda

safuZvliani eWvis safuZvelze.

garda amisa, momCivanebi amtkiceben, rom maTi dapatimrebis mizani gaxldaT ara “kompetenturi

kanonieri xelisuflebis” winaSe maTi wardgena, aramed informaciis mopoveba sisxlis

samarTlis braldebis wayenebis gareSe. mopasuxe mTavrobamac da komisiamac uaryves es

gancxadeba.

31. imisaTvis, rom 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtis mixedviT dapatimreba iyos

kanonieri, rogorc lordTa palatam ganmarta saqmeze McKee v. Chief Constable for Northern

Ireland, eWvi unda yofiliyo mxolod da mxolod keTilsindisieri (ix. punqti 20 zemoT). 1984

wels parlamentisadmi mimarTul moxsenebaSi pativcemulma ser jorj beikerma aRniSna, rom me-

11 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnis Sesruleba-Seusruleblobis Sefaseba “subieqturi” iyo.

5

meore mxriv, Tu gaCndeboda moTxovna “safuZvliani eWvis” qonis Sesaxeb, maSin amis Sefasebac

iqneboda “obieqturi”, xolo, “eWvis safuZvlianobis dadgena damokidebuli iqneboda

sasamarTloze”.

me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtSi laparakia “safuZvlian eWvze” da ara imaze,

namdvilad da keTilsindisierad hqonda Tu ara dampatimrebel pirs eWvi. Tumca, sasamarTlom

sadavo kanonmdebloba unda ganixilos ara in abstracto, aramed is, Tu rogor iqna igi

gamoyenebuli konkretul saqmeSi.

32. eWvis “safuZvlianoba”, romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia piris dapatimreba, warmoadgens

me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtSi asaxuli, TviTneburi dakavebisa an dapatimrebisagan

pirovnebis dacvis ZiriTad garantias. sasamarTlo eTanxmeba komisiasa da mTavrobas, rom

“safuZvliani eWvis” arseboba gulisxmobs garkveuli faqtebisa an informaciis qonas, romlis

safuZvelzec obieqturi adamiani CaTvlida, rom pirs SesaZloa Cadenili aqvs danaSauli, magram

is, Tu ra SeiZleba “CaiTvalos” safuZvlianad, damokidebulia yovel konkretul garemoebaze.

am TvalsazrisiT, teroristuli danaSauli gansakuTrebul kategorias ganekuTvneba. adamianTa

sicocxlis mospobisa an maTTvis tanjvis miyenebis Tanmxlebi riskis gamo, policia iZulebulia

gansakuTrebuli reagireba moaxdinos yovel konkretul informaciasTan dakavSirebiT, maT

Soris saidumlo wyaroebidan miRebul informaciaze. swored amitom, policias SeiZleba xSirad

dasWirdes savaraudo teroristis dapatimreba sando informaciis safuZvelze, romelic,

informaciis momwodeblis safrTxis qveS dayenebis gareSe, ver ecnobeba eWvmitanilsa an

sasamarTlos braldebis mxardasaWerad.

rogorc mTavrobam aRniSna, CrdiloeT irlandiaSi teroristuli kategoriis danaSaulTa

gamoZiebisa da samarTalwarmoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sirTuleebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

dapatimrebis gamamarTlebeli eWvis “safuZvlianoba” yovelTvis ver Sefasdeba imave

kriteriumebiT, romlebic Cveulebrivi danaSaulis Sefasebisas gamoiyeneba. miuxedavad amisa,

teroristuli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg brZolis moTxovnebi mainc ver gaamarTlebs

“safuZvlianobis” cnebis iseT farTo interpretacias, romelic me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis

(c) qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul garantiebs Selaxavs (ix., mutatis mutandis, zemoxsenebuli

gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Others, Series A no. 145-B, gv. 32-33, § 59).

33. komisiis wevrTa umravlesoba, romelTac momCivanebic daeTanxmnen, iziarebda im mosazrebas,

rom “mTavrobas ar warmoudgenia raime informacia komisiisTvis, romlis safuZvelzec komisia

daaskvnida, rom momCivanTa sawinaaRmdego eWvi maTi dakavebis momentisTvis, konvenciis me-5

muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtis gagebiT, “safuZvliani” iyo an, rom maTi dakaveba

efuZneboda raime ufro mets, vidre “keTilsindisierad arsebul eWvs”, rogorc amas moiTxovda

CrdiloeT irlandiis kanonmdebloba” (ix. komisiis moxsenebis 61-e punqti).

mTavrobam ganacxada, rom mas ar SeeZlo im friad saidumlo masalebis gamJRavneba, romlebsac

efuZneboda sami momCivanis winaaRmdeg arsebuli eWvi, rameTu am informaciis gamJRavneba

safrTxis qveS daayenebda rogorc mis momwodebels, agreTve sxvebis sicocxlesa da

usafrTxoebas. misi gancxadebis dasadastureblad, rom eWvi marTlac safuZvliani iyo,

6

mTavrobam aRniSna, rom pirveli ori momCivani adre nasamarTlevi iyo mZime teroristuli

aqtebis CadenisTvis da dakavSirebuli iyvnen droebiT IRA-Tan (ix. punqti 12 zemoT), agreTve

is, rom dakavebis periodSi samive momCivani daikiTxa konkretuli teroristuli aqtebis

Taobaze, romelSic isini eWvmitanili iyvnen (ix. punqtebi 10 da 14 zemoT). mTavrobis azriT,

es faqtebi sakmarisi iyo damkavebeli policiis TanamSromlisTvis, rom keTilsindisierad (bona

fide) anu namdvilad hqonoda eWvi. amasTan, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom keTilsindisier anu

namdvil eWvsa da safuZvlian eWvs Soris araviTari gansxvaveba ar arsebobda. garda amisa,

mTavrobam aRniSna, Tavad momCivanebi ar asaCivrebdnen imas, rom isini daapatimres da daakaves

teroristul aqtebTan dakavSirebiT (ix. komisiis moxsenebis 55-e punqti).

garda amisa, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom, marTalia, mas ar SeeZlo informaciis an misi

momwodeblis gamJRavneba, ramac gamoiwvia momCivanTa dakaveba, magram pirveli da meore

momCivanis SemTxvevaSi namdvilad arsebobda safuZveli varaudisa, rom maTi dakavebis

momentisTvis momCivanebi Cabmuli iyvnen droebiTi IRA-Tvis sadazvervo informaciis Segrovebasa

da kurierul saqmianobaSi, xolo, mesame momCivans rac Seexeba, policias xelT hqonda masalebi,

romlebic amtkicebda adamianTa motacebasTan mis kavSirs, ris Sesaxebac igi daikiTxa.

34. ra Tqma unda, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqti ise ar unda iyos gamoyenebuli,

rom xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis policiis organoebs Seeqmnas araproporciuli sirTuleebi

organizebuli teroristuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg efeqturi zomebis gamoyenebis gzaze (ix.,

mutatis mutandis, 1978 wlis 6 seqtembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze Klass and Others, Series A no.

28, gv. 27 da 30-31, §§ 58 da 68). amitom, xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs ar moeTxovebaT, rom

teroristul aqtSi eWvmitanili piris dakavebisTvis eWvis safuZvlianoba daamtkicon Sesabamisi

informaciis konfidencialuri wyaroebisa an maTi vinaobis gamJRavnebiT.

miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlos unda mieces saSualeba gamoarkvios, xom ar darRveula me-5

muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli garantia. amisaTvis mopasuxe

mTavrobam unda warmoadginos, rogorc minimum, faqtebis nawili an informacia, romelic

sasamarTlos saSualebas miscems daadginos, arsebobda Tu ara safuZvliani eWvi imis Sesaxeb,

rom dakavebulma pirma Caidina danaSauli. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maSin, rodesac, am

konkretul saqmeze, Sida kanonmdebloba ar awesebs safuZvliani eWvis qonis moTxovnas, aramed

iTvaliswinebs ufro dabal bariers – damkavebeli piris mier eWvis namdvilad qonas.

35.

sasamarTlo eTanxmeba mTavrobas, rom TiToeuli momCivanis dakaveba ganpirobebuli iyo

keTilsindisieri eWviT, rom isini arian teroristebi da, rom TiToeuli maTgani, maT Soris

batoni hartli, daikiTxa konkretuli teroristuli aqtebis Sesaxeb.

is, rom batoni foqsi da qalbatoni kempbeli adre nasamarTlevi iyvnen IRA-Tan dakavSirebuli

teroristuli danaSaulis CadenaSi (ix. punqti 12 zemoT), marTalia, amyarebs maT mier

teroristuli kategoriis danaSaulis Cadenis eWvs, magram ver CaiTvleba, rogorc 1986 wels,

nasamarTlobidan 7 wlis Semdeg, maTi dakavebisTvis sakmaris safuZvlad.

is faqti, rom yvela momCivani dakavebis periodSi daikiTxa konkretuli teroristuli aqtebis

Sesaxeb, mxolod da mxolod imas adasturebs, rom damkavebel TanamSromlebs marTlac hqondaT

7

eWvi maT mier teroristul aqtSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, magram igi sakmarisi ar aris

obieqturi mesame piris dasarwmuneblad, rom SesaZloa maT CaedinaT danaSauli.

zemoaRniSnuli faqtorebi TavisTavad sakmarisi ar aris iseTi daskvnis gamosatanad, rom

marTlac arsebobda “safuZvliani eWvi”. mTavrobas ar warmoudgenia raime damatebiTi masala,

romelzec efuZneboda momCivanTa sawinaaRmdego eWvi. amitom, mTavrobis mier micemuli axsna-

ganmarteba ar akmayofilebs me-5 muxlis pirveli punqtis (c) qvepunqtiT dadgenil minimums,

romelic aucilebelia piris dakavebisas eWvis safuZvlianobis dasasabuTeblad.

36.

aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti.

amitom, sasamarTlo saWirod ar Tvlis, gamoikvlios momCivanTa dakavebis mizani (ix. punqti 30

zemoT).

III. me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

37. momCivanebi acxadeben, rom darRveuli me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti, romlis Tanaxmad:

"..."

komisiam am gancxadebas mxari dauWira, Tumca igi uaryofil iqna mTavrobis mier.

38.

momCivanTa mtkicebiT, me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti moixseniebs safuZvlebs, romlebsac

eyrdnoba dakaveba da amitomac, dakavebul pirebs unda hqondeT maTi gacnobis saSualeba.

momCivanTa mtkicebiT, terorizmSi eWvmitaniloba TavisTavad ar warmoadgens danaSauls,

romelic gaamarTlebda dakavebis RonisZiebas me-11 muxlis mixedviT. Sesabamisad, me-5 muxlis

me-2 punqtis sawinaaRmdegod, dakavebis dros maT ar miewodaT adekvaturi da gasagebi

informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra arsebiTi safuZvlebiT moxda maTi dakaveba. kerZod, maTi

gancxadebiT, xelisufleba ar asrulebs pirisTvis “informaciis miwodebis” movaleobas, Tu,

rogorc maT SemTxvevaSi, am pirs TviTon uwevs policiaSi dakiTxvis Sedegad imis gamorkveva,

Tu ra mizeziT daakaves.

39. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis mizania, dakavebul pirs SeeZlos imis

gansja, Tu ramdenad kanonierad daakaves igi, raTa, misi Sexedulebisamebr, SeZlos dakavebis

kanonierebis gasaCivreba. mTavrobam aRniSna, rom micemuli informacia ar aris savaldebulo

iyos detaluri da, rom sakmarisia, dapatimrebul pirs dauyovnebliv ecnobos misi dakavebis

iuridiuli

safuZvlis

Sesaxeb

da

“im

ZiriTadi

faqtebis

Sesaxeb,

romlebic

(Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT) sakmarisia misi dakavebis kanonierebis

dasadgenad”. am principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis

moTxovnebi sruliad daculi iyo.

40.

me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti Seicavs elementarul garantias imisa, rom dakavebulma pirma

unda icodes, Tu ratom zRudaven mis Tavisuflebas. es debuleba ganuyofeli nawilia me-5

muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dacviTi sqemisa. me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad, nebismier dakavebul pirs

unda ecnobos martiv, araprofesionalur, misTvis gasageb enaze, misi dakavebis ZiriTadi

8

faqtobrivi da iuridiuli safuZvlebi, raTa man, sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr, SeZlos

sasamarTlosTvis mimarTva misi dakavebis kanonierebis dadgenis mizniT, me-5 muxlis me-4

punqtis Tanaxmad (ix. 1990 wlis 21 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba van der Leer-is saqmeze, Series A

no. 170, gv. 13, § 28). miuxedavad imisa, rom informacia unda miewodos dauyovnebliv (frangul

teqstSi: "dans le plus court délai"), aucilebeli ar aris damkavebelma pirma dakavebis momentSi

Sesabamis pirs gaacnos yvela detali. is, Tu ramdenad sakmarisi iyo miwodebuli informacia

da moxda Tu ara misi dauyovnebliv miwodeba, unda Sefasdes yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi

arsebuli garemoebebis safuZvelze.

41. dakavebisas, damkavebelma TanamSromelma foqss, kempbelsa da hartlis martivad ganucxada,

rom isini daakaves 1978 wlis kanonis me-11 muxlis pirveli punqtis safuZvelze teroristul

saqmianobaSi eWvis safuZvelze (ix. punqtebi 9 da 13 zemoT). es ubralo miniSneba, rogorc

dakavebis iuridiuli safuZveli, ar aris sakmarisi me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis miznebisTvis, rac

mTavrobamac daadastura.

Tumca, dakavebis Semdeg momCivanebi dahkiTxa policiam maT mier konkretul danaSaulebriv

saqmianobaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb da akrZaluli organizaciebisadmi maTi kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb

(ix. punqtebi 9, 10 da 14 zemoT). ar arsebobs safuZveli, vifiqroT, rom es dakiTxva ise

Catarda, rom momCivanebs ar SeeZloT maTi dakavebis mizezebis gageba. ase, rom is mizezebi, Tu

ratom iyvnen isini teroristobaSi eWvmitanili, maT miewodaT maTi dakiTxvis mimdinareobisas.

42.

foqsi da kempbeli daakaves 1986 wlis 5 Tebervals, dRis sam saaTsa da ormoc wuTze

vudbornis sadgurTan, xolo, Semdgom dahkiTxes cal-calke 8:15 da 10.00 saaTebs Soris

periodSi qeslrigis policiis ganyofilebaSi (ix. punqti 9 zemoT). batoni hartli daakaves

Tavis saxlSi dilis 7 saaTsa da 55 wT-ze, 1986 wlis 18 agvistos da miiyvanes antrimis

policiis ganyofilebaSi, sadac igi daikiTxa 11.05 da 12.15 saaTebs Soris periodSi (ix. punqti

13 zemoT). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, ramdenime saaTis Sualedebi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos me-5

muxlis me-2 punqtiT dadgenili sityva “dauyovneblivis” moTxovnis darRvevad.

43. aqedan gamomdinare, arc erT momCivanTan mimarTebaSi ar aris darRveuli me-5 muxlis me-2

punqti.

IV. me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

44.

momCivanebma ganacxades, rom, radgan konvencia ar aris inkorporirebuli gaerTianebuli

samefos kanonmdeblobaSi, maT ar SeeZloT dakavebis kanoniereba gaesaCivrebinaT britaneTis

sasamarTloebSi konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtze miTiTebiT, romlis Tanaxmad:

"..."

komisiis wevrTa umravlesoba mivida daskvnamde, rom aseT darRvevas adgili ar hqonia. maTi

azriT, me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli garantiis amoqmedebis mizani daikarga

maSin, rodesac, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, dakavebuli pirebi gaaTavisufles manam, sanam

moxdeboda dakavebis kanonierebis dadgena.

9

mTavrobis gancxadebiT, habeas corpus-iT aRZruli saqmis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTloebs SeuZliaT

imsjelon rogorc dakavebis procesSi saproceso wesebis dacvis Sesaxeb, aseve imis Sesaxebac,

namdvilad arsebobda Tu ara eWvi, rom piri teroristia. saboloo jamSi, mTavroba daeTanxma

komisiis mosazrebas.

sapasuxod, momCivanebma gaiziares batoni daneliusis gansxvavebuli azri, romelic daerTo

komisiis moxsenebas. misi azriT, me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli ufleba

gamoiyeneba dakavebis mokle periodTan mimarTebaSic. man aseve gamoTqva mosazreba, rom arc

habeas corpus-ze miTiTeba da arc mcdari dapatimrebisTvis zianis anazRaurebis moTxovna ar

uzrunvelyofs me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtiT dadgenili garantiis realur aRsrulebas ise,

rogorc es punqti ganmartebulia am sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi Brogan and Others saqmeze

(loc. cit., gv. 34-35, § 65), radgan 1978 wlis kanonis me-11(1) muxli ar moiTxovda safuZvliani

eWvis arsebobas rogorc dapatimrebis kanonierebisTvis aucilebel elements.

45.

batoni foqsi da batoni kempbeli dakavebuli iyvnen daaxloebiT 44 saaTis ganmavlobaSi,

batoni hartli ki – daaxloebiT 30 saaTis ganmavlobaSi (ix. punqtebi 10 da 14 zemoT). baton

hartlis mis dapatimrebasTan an dakavebasTan dakavSirebiT saqme ar aRuZvria (ix. punqti 14

zemoT). meore mxriv, dapatimrebis meore dRes batonma foqsmac da qalbatonma kempbelmac

aRZres warmoeba habeas corpus-is safuZvelze, magram isini gaaTavisufles mosamarTlis mier

maTi saCivrebis ganxilvamde (ix. punqti 11 zemoT).

samive momCivani saswrafod gaTavisuflda manamde, sanam ganxorcieldeboda sasamarTlo

zedamxedveloba maT dakavebaze. am sasamarTlos funqciebSi ar Sedis abstraqtuli msjeloba

imaze, iqneboda Tu ara Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi, romlebisTvisac momCivanebs SeeZloT

miemarTaT winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SesabamisobaSi me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtTan.

aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo askvnis, rom ar aris aucilebeli me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtTan

dakavSirebuli momCivanTa moTxovnis ganxilva.

V. me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

46.

momCivanebma aseve ganacxades, rom, maTi azriT, darRveuli me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti,

romlis Tanaxmad:

"..."

sasamarTlom daadgina, rom momCivnebis dakaveba ewinaaRmdegeba me-5 muxlis pirvel punqts (ix.

punqti 36 zemoT). winamdebare darRveva, sasamarTlos mier am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis

gamotanamde an gamotanis Semdeg, CrdiloeT irlandiis sasamarTloebis mier ar CaiTvleboda

sakmaris safuZvlad imisaTvis, rom momCivanebs moeTxovaT zianis anazRaureba (ix. zemoxsenebuli

gadawyvetileba saqmeze Brogan and Others, Series A no. 145-B, gv. 35, § 67).

aqedan gamomdinare, samive momCivanis mimarT darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti.

10

am garemoebebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo:

1. oTxi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis pirveli punqti;

2. erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom ar aris darRveuli me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti;

3. oTxi xmiT samis winaaRmdeg acxadebs, rom darRveulia me-5 muxlis me-5 punqti;

4.

erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom aucilebeli ar aris me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtTan da me-13

muxlTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebis ganxilva;

5.

erTsulovnad acxadebs, rom 50-e muxlis gamoyenebis sakiTxi jerjerobiT ar aris mzad

gadawyvetilebisTvis.

11