pirveli seqcia

reboki sloveniis winaaRmdeg

CASE OF REHBOCK v. SLOVENIA

(ganacxadi # 29462/95)

ganCineba

strasburgi

2008 wlis 28 noemberi

saqmeze `reboki sloveniis winaaRmdeg~

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom (pirvelma seqciam),

romelic

palatis

saxiT

Seikriba

Semdegi

mosamarTleebis

SemadgenlobiT:

q-ni e. palmi, Tavmjdomare,

b-ni l. ferari bravo,

b-ni gaukur iorundsoni,

b-ni r. turmeni,

b-ni b. zupanCiCi,

b-ni T. pantiru,

b-ni r. maruste, mosamarTleebi,

agreTve seqciis registratori b-ni m. oboile,

imsjela ra gancalkevebiT 2000 wlis 16 maissa da 7 noembers,

2000 wlis 7 noembers gamoitana winamdebare ganCineba:

procedura

1.

saqme sasamarTlos gadasca komisiam 1999 wlis 11 seqtembers

im debulebebis Sesabamisad, romlebic moqmedebda adamianis

uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis

(SemdgomSi `konvencia~) me-11 oqmis ZalaSi Sesvlamde (me-11 oqmis me-5

muxlis me-4 punqti da konvenciis adre moqmedi 48-muxli).

2.

saqme

momdinareobs

ganacxadidan

(#29462/95),

romelic

warmodgenili iqna sloveniis winaaRmdeg konvenciis adre moqmedi

25-e muxlis Sesabamisad germaniis moqalaqis b-ni ernst rebokis

(SemdgomSi `ganmcxadebeli~) mier 1995 wlis 17 seqtembers.

3.

kerZod,

ganmcxadebeli

Cioda,

rom

igi

daeqvemdebara

konvenciis me-3 muxlis sawinaaRmdego mopyrobas, rom mas ar hqonda

iseTi samarTalwarmoeba, romliTac misi patimrobis kanoniereba

swrafad gadawydeboda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis

Sesabamisad, rom ar iqna daculi misi ufleba kompensaciaze,

gaTvaliswinebuli konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtiT, da rom misi

mimowera xelyofili iqna konvenciis me-8 muxlis darRveviT.

4.

1998 wlis 20 maiss komisiam ganacxadi arsebiT ganxilvaze

daSvebulad gamoacxada. komisiam Tavis

nawilobriv

gadawyvetilebaSi dasaSvebobis Taobaze miuTiTa, rom sloveniis

mTavrobas (SemdgomSi `mTavroba~) ar warmoudgenia raime komentari

samarTlebrivi dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebriv saSualebaTa amowurvis

moTxovnasTan dakavSirebiT, rasac iTvaliswinebs konvenciis adre

moqmedi 26-e muxli. amgvarad, komisiam daadgina, rom ar SeiZleba

ganacxadis Sesabamisi nawilis uaryofa imis gamo, rom ar iqna

amowuruli

samarTlebrivi

dacvis

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi

saSualebebi.

5.

1999 wlis 23 aprilis moxsenebaSi (konvenciis adre moqmedi 31-

e muxli) [samdivnos SeniSvna: am moxsenebis mopoveba SesaZlebelia

samdivnodan] komisiam gamoxata Tavisi azri, rom adgili hqonda

konvenciis me-3 muxlis, me-5 muxlis me-4 da me-5 punqtebisa da me-8

muxlis

(komisiasTan

ganmcxadeblis

mimoweris

Semowmebis

TvalsazrisiT) darRvevas. SemdgomSi komisiam daadgina, rom adgili

ar hqonia konvenciis me-8 muxlis darRvevas ganmcxadeblis sxva

korespondenciis Semowmebis TvalsazrisiT.

6.

7.

ganmcxadebels mieca samarTlebrivi daxmareba.

1999 wlis 20 seqtembers didi palatis kolegiam miiRo

gadawyvetileba, rom saqme unda ganexila palatas, romelic

Sedioda sasamarTlos erT-erTi seqciis SemadgenlobaSi (me-11 oqmis

me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti reglamentis me-100 muxlis pirvel punqtTan

da 24-e muxlis me-6 punqtTan erTad). amgvarad, ganacxadi gadaeca

pirvel seqcias (sasamarTlos reglamentis 52-e muxlis pirveli

punqti). aRniSnuli seqciis SemadgenlobaSi Seiqmna palata,

reglamentis 26-e muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad, romelsac

unda ganexila saqme (konvenciis 27-e muxlis pirveli punqti).

8.

ganmcxadebelma

da

mTavrobam

warmoadgines

TavianTi

mimoxilvebi.

9.

saqmis

mosmena

Sedga

adamianis uflebaTa

SenobaSi,

strasburgSi, 2000 wlis 16 maiss (reglamentis 59-e muxlis me-2

punqti).

sasamarTlos winaSe gamocxaddnen:

(a) mTavrobis saxeliT

b-ni

warmomadgeneli,

q-ni m. remiki, prokurori, Tanawarmomadgeneli,

l.

bembisi,

generaluri

prokurori,

mTavrobis

q-ni

warmomadgenlis moadgile,

b-ni m. granda, mTavrobis

mrCevlebi;

m.

smiti,

evropis

sabWoSi

ufrosi

sloveniis

mudmivi

eqsperti-mrCeveli,

(b) ganmcxadeblis saxeliT

b-ni f. q. bremi, rotenburgis advokatTa kolegiis advokati,

b-ni e. hipeli, Tarjimani.

sasamarTlom moismina b-ni bremis, q-ni remikisa da b-ni bembisis

gamosvlebi.

faqtebi

I.

saqmis garemoebebi

A.

ganmcxadeblis mimarT mopyroba dakavebisa da Semdgomi

patimrobis dros

1.

ganmcxadeblis mimarT mopyroba dakavebis dros

10.

1995 wlis seqtembers, daaxloebiT dRis

8

2

saaTze,

ganmcxadebelma gadakveTa avstriisa da sloveniis sazRvari

SantilisTan axlos Tavisi partnioris kuTvnili manqaniT. manqanaSi

mas hqonda abebis Sekvra, romlis sloveniaSi Catanac sTxova

sloveniuri warmoSobis nacnobma. mas amis Sesaxeb ar ganucxadebia

sabaJos TanamSromlebisTvis. imave dRes, saRamos 4 saaTsa da 55

wuTze, ganmcxadebeli daakava sloveniis policiam doliCSi,

daaxloebiT 70 kilometris moSorebiT sazRvris gadakveTidan,

sadac mas abebi sxva pirisTvis unda gadaeca.

11.

dakavebis pirobebs mxareebi sxvadasxvagvarad warmoadgenen.

12.

faqtebis ganmcxadebliseuli versiis mixedviT, is alyaSi

moaqcia eqvsma SeiaraRebulma mamakacma. TeTr da SavniRbianebma

ieriSi miitanes ganmcxadebelze yovelgvari gafrTxilebis gareSe.

Soriaxlos ramdenime adamiani idga. ganmcxadebeli swrafad

aiyvanes, mas arc ki ucdia winaaRmdegobis gaweva. igi yviroda

germanul da inglisur enebze, rom ar uwevda maT winaaRmdegobas,

Tumca mainc ZaliT miaTries manqanis Zravis saxuravamde. mas xelebi

zurgsukan borkilebiT hqonda Sekruli. imavdroulad, sxva oTxi

adamiani mas TavSi urtyamda xelketebsa da muStebs. saxe mZimed

hqonda daSavebuli da saSinel tkivils ganicdida.

13.

1999 wlis 25 noembris mimoxilvaSi mTavrobam ganmarta, rom

ganmcxadebeli dakavebuli iqna im RonisZiebis konteqstSi, romelic

dagegmili iyo xelisuflebis kompetenturi organoebis mier

operatiuli informaciis safuZvelze. rodesac gansazRvravdnen, Tu

vin unda yofiliyo im jgufis SemadgenlobaSi, vinc dakavebis

operacias ganaxorcielebda, xelisuflebam gaiTvaliswina is faqti,

rom

eWvmitanili,

ganmcxadebeli,

romelic

sakmaod

narkotikebiT

vaWrobaSi

iyo, rameTu

iyo

man

fizikurad

Zlieri

ramdenjerme gaimarjva aTletizmis saxeobaSi germaniis CempionatSi.

14. rogorc mTavrobam ganacxada sasamarTlos winaSe zepiri

formiT, igi daeyrdno am mizniT Seqmnili sami wevrisagan Semdgari

komisiis daskvnas, rodesac 1996 wlis

9

Tebervals sloveni

gradecis policiis administraciam miiRo brZaneba, romelsac unda

ganesazRvra, Tu ramdenad iyo gamarTlebuli Zalis gamoyeneba

ganmcxadeblis dakavebisas. daskvna miRebuli iqna 1996 wlis 8

marts, xolo mTavrobam misi asli warudgina sasamarTlos 2000

wlis 23 maiss saqmeze arsebiTi mosmenis dros. Sesabamisi nawili

ase ikiTxeba:

` ... oTxi gamomZiebeli iqna gamoyofili narkotikebiT movaWreTa

dasakaveblad ... isini standartul formaSi iyvnen gamowyobilni –

ecvaT saidentifikacio Jaketebi da hqondaT piradi iaraRi, agreTve

xelborkilebi da sxva aRWurviloba eWvmitanilis dasakaveblad ...~

avtosadgomze

[eWvmitanilebs]

miuaxlovdnen

gamomZieblebi,

romlebmac iyvires: `sdeq! policia!~ da eWvmitanilebs adgilze

gaSeSeba ubrZanes ... gamomZieblebi b. da k. miuaxlovdnen

[ganmcxadebels] da scades misi gaCxreka ... [ganmcxadebeli] ar

daemorCila maT brZanebas da gaqceva scada. gamomZieblebma b.-m da

k.-m xeli SeuSales da daakaves igi. maT scades `idayvis ileTiT~

daeWiraT igi ... iyo ra fizikurad Zlieri, ganmcxadebelma xelidan

dasxltoma scada. gamomZieblebi ganagrZobdnen mis alyaSi moqcevas

[ganmcxadeblis] gaqcevis aRkveTis mizniT. [ganmcxadeblis] fizikuri

Zalis gamo maT ver SeZles alyis SenarCuneba da, amdenad, dauSves,

rom igi [ganmcxadebeli] miwaze daegdoT. radgan [ganmcxadebeli]

kvlav Tavis daRwevas cdilobda, gamomZieblebi iZulebulni

gaxdnen, miwaze TavianT siaxloves mieTriaT. radgan [ganmcxadebeli]

winaaRmdegobas uwevda da arsebobda misi gaqcevis safrTxe, maT ar

SeeZloT ukeTesi adgilmdebareobis SerCeva, sadac mas ar

Seeqmneboda dazianebis safrTxe. maT [ganmcxadebeli] miagdes miwaze

gaCerebul manqanebs Soris. am dros [ganmcxadebelma] Tavi

gaCerebuli manqanis frTas miartya da avtosadgomis gudroniT

mopirkeTebul

zedapirze

daeca.

amasobaSi

gamomZieblebma

[ganmcxadebels] xelborkilebi daades.

yvela [samive] eWvmitanili waiyvanes policiis ganyofilebaSi

sloveC gradeCSi. dakavebis dros [ganmcxadebels] ar gamouTqvams

raime pretenzia tkivilis an dazianebis Taobaze ...~

8 seqtembers, dilis 4 saaTsa da 55 wuTze, [samive eWvmitanili]

waiyvanes cixeSi ... da 1995 wlis 10 seqtembers waradgines isini

sloveni

gradecis

raionul

sasamarTloSi

gamomZiebeli

mosamarTlis winaSe, romelmac miiRo dapatimrebis Sesaxeb brZaneba

...

1995 wlis 9 seqtembers [ganmcxadebelma] saCivari gamoTqva, rom ybis

tkivili awuxebda ...

igi waiyvanes sloveni gradecis samedicino

punqtSi, sadac mas daudginda qveda ybis motexiloba da

janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba ...

specialurad

mopovebuli

informaciis

safuZvelze

komisiam

daaskvna, rom gamomZieblebis k.-isa da b.-is qmedeba marTlzomieri

iyo da Seesabameboda kanons. [ganmcxadeblisaTvis] miyenebuli

dazianeba moxda uSualod dakavebis adgilze, rodesac igi miwaze

waaqcies ...

[ganmcxadeblis] dakavebisas gamomZieblebma gamoiyenes iZulebis

saSualo formebi: fizikuri Zala da xelborkilebi. amiT xeli

SeuSales dakavebul pirs danaSaulis adgilidan gaqcevaSi.

dazianeba iman ganapiroba, rom [ganmcxadebelma] winaaRmdegoba

gauwia maT dakavebis dros da, amgvarad, gamomZieblebs ar SeeZloT,

miwaze sxva adgilas waeqciaT SedarebiT naklebi Zalis gamoyenebiT.

Sedegis miuxedavad, komisia adgens, rom Zalis gamoyeneba

gamarTlebuli iyo da Seesabameboda `Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis

Sesaxeb kanonis~ 54-e muxlsa da `iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis

gamoyenebis Sesaxeb~ instruqciis me-9 da me-12 muxlebs ...

15.

acnoba

monawileobda

evaleboda ganmcxadeblisTvis xelborkilis dadeba.

2000 wlis 23 maisiT daTariRebuli weriliT mTavrobam aseve

sasamarTlos, misi moTxovnisamebr, rom operaciaSi

policiis cameti oficeri, romelTagan ors

2.

ganmcxadeblis mimarT mopyroba patimrobis dros

16.

dakavebis Semdeg ganmcxadebeli waiyvanes sloveni gradecis

policiaSi. rogorc [ganmcxadebeli] amtkicebda sasamarTlos

winaSe, mas Tavis tkivili awuxebda da problemebi hqonda

mxedvelobasTan dakavSirebiT, eqimma ki igi pirvelad mxolod 1995

wlis 9 seqtembers diliT gasinja. 1995 wlis 9 seqtembers, dRis 2

saaTsa da 50 wuTze, ganmcxadebelma dawera da xeli moawera

gancxadebas, romelSic, misi TqmiT, policiis miTiTebis safuZvelze

dawera, TiTqos wina dRiT waiqca da saxe manqanis frTas daartya.

17.

miuTiTa mxolod 1995 wlis

dauyovnebliv iqna gamoZaxebuli. eqimma rekomendacia misca, rom

mTavrobis mtkicebiT, ganmcxadebelma pirvelad ybis tkivilze

9

seqtembers diliT da eqimi

ganmcxadebeli

dawesebulebaSi,

saavadmyofoSi.

gamoekvliaT

saidanac

sloveni

igi gadayvanili

gradecis

iqna

samedicino

mariboris

18.

sasamarTlos winaSe wardgenili dokumentebi miuTiTebs, rom

ganmcxadebeli safuZvlianad gamoikvlia mariboris saavadmyofos

qirurgiis ganyofilebis, yel-yurisa da saxis eqimma 1995 wlis 9

seqtembers. moxsenebaSi naTqvami iyo, rom igi saavadmyofoSi

policiam miiyvana ybis dazianebiT. ganmcxadebelma eqims uTxra, rom

mas dazianeba policiam miayena, am ukanasknelma ki aRniSna, rom

dakavebisas ganmcxadebeli daeca manqanis frTaze.

19.

saxsari mgrZnobiare iyo zewolisas da mas ar SeeZlo piris

saTanadod gaReba. daskvnaSi SemdgomSi naTqvami iyo, rom

eqimma daadgina, rom ganmcxadebels safeTqlisa da qveda ybis

ganmcxadebels aReniSneboda araswori Tankbilva, radgan marcxena

mxares kbilebi gadaadgilebuli hqonda. eqimma rentgenze gaaSuqa

ganmcxadebeli da ybis ormagi motexiloba da saxis kontuzia

daudgina.

20.

eqimma daaskvna, rom saWiro iyo qirurgiuli Careva saerTo

anesTeziiT da miiRo winaswari zomebi momdevno dRisTvis. man

policias neba darTo, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi ganmcxadebeli

patimrobaSi daetovebina.

21.

1995

wlis

10

seqtembers

ganmcxadebeli

waiyvanes

saavadmyofoSi, Tumca igi ar dasTanxmda operacias, radgan Tvlida,

rom male gaaTavisuflebdnen da operacias germaniaSi gaikeTebda.

SeTanxmdnen, rom ganmcxadebeli gamokvlevas kvlav Caitarebda 1995

wlis 12 seqtembers.

22. 1995 wlis 12 seqtembers ganmcxadebels kvlav Cautarda

gamokvleva. misi gancxadebiT, igi cudad grZnobda Tavs da guli

ereoda. igi ar daeTanxma eqimis rekomendacias qirurgiuli Carevis

Sesaxeb. eqimma brZana, rom ganmcxadeblisaTvis fafebi eWmiaT.

Semdegi gamokvleva 1995 wlis 18 seqtembrisTvis dainiSna.

23.

1995 wlis 18 seqtembris samedicino daskvnaSi aRniSnuli iyo,

rom ganmcxadebeli Tavs ukeTesad grZnobda. Tumca SedarebiT

naklebad, magram mainc awuxebda tkivili ReWvisa da Wamis dros.

24.

1995 wlis 25 seqtembers ganmcxadebelma uari Tqva

saavadmyofoSi Semdgomi gamokvlevis Catarebaze.

25.

ganmcxadebels

kvlav

Cautares

gamokvleva

mariboris

saavamdyofoSi 1995 wlis 3 oqtombers, 25 da 27 noembers. man

aRniSna, rom ybasTan dakavSirebuli problema odnav gamousworda,

magram uCioda muclis tkivilsa da sisxls eskrementSi. eqimebma

specialuri dieta gamouweres da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Semdgomi

gamokvleva dauniSnes.

26.

1995 wlis 4 dekembers ganmcxadebels gamokvleva Cautarda

mariboris saavadmyofoSi. daskvnaSi naTqvami iyo, rom misi

Tankbilva Secvlili iyo da mas yba stkioda.

27.

1995 wlis 7 dekembers ganmcxadebels mkurnaloba Cautarda

marcxena mtevnis or zedapirul Wrilobaze, rac TviTonve miayena

sakuTar Tavs 1995 wlis 3 dekembers, depresiaSi yofnisas.

28.

iusticiis saministrosaTvis gagzavnil werilSi, romelic

daTariRebuli iyo 1995 wlis 17 dekembriT, ganmcxadebeli Cioda,

rom igi sastikad iyo nacemi da awuxebda ybis ormagi motexiloba.

man ganacxada, rom ar Cautarda saTanado samedicino mkurnaloba

da moiTxova 1 000 000 germanuli marka zianis asanazRaureblad.

29.

ianvars

Semdegi samedicino gamokvleva ganmcxadebels 1996 wlis 16

Cautarda. eqimma gamouwera tkivilgamayuCebeli

medikamentebi da aRniSna, rom igi saWiroebda specialistis

konsultacias ybis mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebiT.

30.

1996

wlis

23

ianvars

specialistma

daaskvna,

rom

ganmcxadeblis yba moiTxovda proTezul reabilitacias an Tundac

qirurgiul Carevas. radgan ganmcxadebels surda, mkurnaloba

germaniaSi Caetarebina, eqimma misca rekomendacia, SeZlebisdagvarad

swrafad gaegzavnaT germaniaSi.

31.

wlis

5

marts ganmcxadebelma cixis ufross mimarTa

saCivriT, rom awuxebda tkivili Sua yuris anTebis gamo da

saavadmyofoSi gadayvana iTxova.

32.

1996 wlis 7 marts ganmcxadebelma eqims ganucxada, rom

Zlieri Tavis tkivili awuxebda da cixeSi ar Castarebia saTanado

samedicino mkurnaloba. kerZod, igi Cioda, rom mkurnalobis kursi

regularulad ar utardeboda.

33.

1996 wlis 10 ivniss ganmcxadebelma mariboris cixis ufross

da ivniss dacvam ar misca

mimarTa saCivriT, rom

8

9

tkivilgamayuCebeli medikamentebi, romlebic eqimma gamouwera, ris

Sedegadac igi saSinel tkivils ganicdida da dasustda.

34.

1996 wlis 20 ivniss ganmcxadebelma cixis ufross mimarTa

saCivriT, rom 18 da 19 ivniss mas ar Cautarda daniSnuli

mkurnaloba. 1996 wlis 30 ivnissa da 3 ivliss man kvlav saCivari

gamoTqva imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom uari eTqva mkurnalobaze. Tavis

saCivrebSi ganmcxadebelma ganacxada, rom mas undoda sisxlis

samarTalwarmoebis aRZvra cixis TanamSromlebis winaaRmdeg da

iTxova, am mizniT policiisaTvis mimarTvis neba miecaT.

35.

1996 wlis 4 ivliss ganmcxadebelma auwya mariboris uzenaes

sasamarTlos (Višje sodišče) mosamarTles, rom igi ganicdida

seriozul tkivils da mas tkivilgamayuCeblebi araregularulad

miewodeboda.

b.

Sesabamisi

gadawyvetilebebi

ganmcxadeblis

winaswar

patimrobasTan dakavSirebiT

36.

1995

wlis

10

seqtembers

sloveni

gradecis

saolqo

sasamarTlos

(Okrožno

sodišče)

gamomZiebelma

mosamarTlem

ganmcxadebels winaswari patimroba Seufarda.

37. 1995 wlis 3 oqtombers ganmcxadebelma advokatis meSveobiT

gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba Seitana. igi amtkicebda, rom

ar gaiqceoda da giraos saxiT SesTavaza 50 000 germanuli marka.

ganmcxadebeli aseve amtkicebda, rom misi patimroba aRar iyo

aucilebeli, radgan mis winaaRmdeg aRZrul sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeze arsebuli yvela mowme daikiTxa da yvela saTanado

mtkicebuleba mopovebuli iyo.

38.

1995

wlis

6

oqtombers

sloveni

gradecis

saolqo

sasamarTlom ganmcxadeblis winaswari patimrobis vada 1995 wlis 8

dekembramde gaagrZela, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 205-

e muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom

SeuZlebeli iyo ganmcxadeblis saqmis erT TveSi gamoZieba.

39.

ganmcxadebelma gaasaCivra Sefardebuli zoma. misi mtkicebiT,

misi patimrobis safuZveli ar arsebobda da arc sasamarTlos

umsjelia gaTavisuflebis Taobaze 1995 wlis

SuamdgomlobasTan dakavSirebiT.

3

oqtombris

40.

1995 wlis 19 oqtombers mariboris uzenaesma sasamarTlom

uaryo saCivari. man aRniSna, rom ganmcxadebeli iyo ucxo qveynis

moqalaqe, romelsac ar hqonda raime kavSiri sloveniasTan, da,

aqedan gamomdinare, daadgina, rom arsebobda misi gaqcevis safrTxe.

rac

Seexeba

ganmcxadeblis

Suamdgomlobas

giraoTi

gaTavisuflebis Taobaze, uzenaesma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom es

sakiTxi pirvel rigSi saolqo sasamarTlos unda ganexila.

41.

1995

wlis

26

oqtombers

sloveni

gradecis

saolqo

sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis 1995 wlis

3

oqtombris Suamdgomloba gaTavisuflebis Taobaze. sasamarTlos ar

umsjelia im giraos Sesaxeb, rac SesTavaza ganmcxadebelma

sasamarTlo procesebze dasaswrebad sakmarisi garantiis saxiT.

42.

1995 wlis 27 noembers sloveni gradecis saolqo sasamarTlom

gaagrZela ganmcxadeblis winaswari patimrobis vada, sisxlis

samarTlis

saproceso

kodeqsis

272-e

muxlis

me-2

punqtis

Sesabamisad.

43.

1993 wlis 13 dekembers mariboris uzenaesma sasaamrTlom ar

daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis saapelacio saCivari zemoxsenebuli

gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg.

44.

1995 wlis 29 noembers ganmcxadebelma advokatis meSveobiT

kvlav mimarTa SuamdgomlobiT gaTavisuflebis Taobaze. misi

mtkicebiT, ar arsebobda saqmesTan dakavSirebuli aranairi

safuZveli misi patimrobisaTvis da giraos saxiT SesTavaza 50 000

germanuli marka.

45.

1995

wlis

22

dekembers

sloveni

gradecis

saolqo

sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis Suamdgomloba.

g.

komisiasTan ganmcxadeblis mimoweris kontroli

sloveniaSi patimrobis dros ganmcxadeblis mimowera, maT

46.

Soris mimowera komisiasTan, kontroldeboda.

d. sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg

47.

1996 wlis 8 ianvars sloveni gradecis saolqo sasamarTlom

ganmcxadebels msjavri dasdo narkotikebis ukanono warmoebasa da

vaWrobaSi, agreTve kontrabandaSi. ganmcxadebels Seefarda erTi

wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.

48.

1996 wlis 17 aprils mariboris uzenaesma sasamarTlom ar

daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis saapelacio saCivari da, daeTanxma ra

prokuroris

moTxovnas,

sasjeli

gauzarda

Cvidmet

Tvemde

Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.

49.

1996

wlis

1

seqtembers

ganmcxadebeli

pirobiTad

gaaTavisufles.

II.

a.

Sesabamisi Sida kanonmdebloba da praqtika

konstitucia

50.

26-e muxliT uzrunvelyofilia TiToeuli adamianis ufleba

kompensaciaze nebismieri zianis gamo, romelic gamomdinareobs

fizikuri piris an im organos ukanono oficialuri qmedebidan,

romelic axorcielebs saxelmwifo organoebisTvis dakisrebul

funqciebs.

b.

1980 wlis kanoni `Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis Sesaxeb~ da 1981

wlis instruqcia `iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb~

51.

Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis Sesaxeb 1980 wlis 25 noembris

kanonis (Zakon o notranjih zadevah) 54-e muxli, romelSic cvlileba iqna

Setanili, nebas aZlevs Tanamdebobis pirebs, gamoiyenon fizikuri

Zala TavianTi uflebamosilebis aRsrulebisas, rodesac, inter alia,

maT ar SeuZliaT sxvagvarad daZlion im piris winaaRmdegoba,

romelic ar emorCileba kanonier brZanebebs an romelsac

apatimreben.

52.

`iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb~ (Navodilo o uporabi

prisilnih sredstev) 1981 wlis 1 seqtembris instruqciis me-9 muxli,

romelSic cvlileba iqna Setanili, iTvaliswinebs, rom, inter alia,

fizikuri Zalis gamoyeneba Sinagan saqmeTa Sesaxeb 1980 wlis

kanonis 54-e muxlSi CamoTvlil SemTxvevebSi zogadad unda

SeizRudos gansakuTrebuli dakavebis SemTxvevebamde. rodesac

Tanamdebobis uflebamosili piri miiCnevs, rom aseTi saSualeba ar

aris sakmarisi, mas SeuZlia gamoiyenos fizikuri Zala an rezinis

xelketi. nebismier SemTxvevaSi maTi gamoyeneba dasaSvebia mxolod

im farglebSi, rac ukiduresad aucilebelia winaaRmdegobis

dasaZlevad an Tavdasxmis aRsakveTad da Zalis gamoyenebam ar unda

gamoiwvios adamianisadmi cudad mopyroba.

53.

`iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb~ instruqciis me-

12 muxli nebas aZlevs Tanamdebobis uflebamosil pirebs,

xelborkilebi daadon pirs an SezRudon igi sxva saSualebiT, Tu

arsebobs gonivruli varaudi, rom Sesabamisi piri aqtiur

winaaRmdegobas gauwevs maT an gaqcevas Seecdeba.

g.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi

54.

205-e muxlis 1-li punqti iTvaliswinebs, rom gamomZiebel

mosamarTles SeuZlia winaswari patimroba Seufardos pirs ara

umetes erT Tvis vadiT dakavebis momentidan. am periodis amowurvis

Semdeg piri patimrobaSi SeiZleba darCes mxolod patimrobis vadis

gagrZelebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze.

55.

205-e muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, amgvari gadawyvetileba

unda gamoitanos sasamarTlom, xolo patimrobis vadis gagrZeleba

SesaZlebelia ara umetes ori TviT.

56.

SeuZlia mimowera hqondes an sxvagvari kavSiri daamyaros cixis

gareT myof adamianebTan im gamomZiebeli mosamarTlis

zedamxedvelobis qveS, romelic mis saqmes awarmoebs. am

211-e muxlis me-3 punqti iTvaliswinebs, rom dakavebul pirs

ukanasknels SeuZlia aukrZalos patimars werilebis gagzavna,

miReba an sxva saxis kontaqtebi, rasac SeuZlia zegavlena

moaxdinos mis winaaRmdeg aRZrul sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaze.

Tumca dauSvebelia, dakavebul pirs xeli SeeSalos ganacxadebis an

saCivrebis gagzavnaSi.

57.

213-e (b) muxli amoqmedda 1998 wlis 23 oqtombers. me-3 punqti

uflebas aZlevs ombudsmensa da mis moadgileebs, moinaxulon

dakavebuli pirebi da awarmoon maTTan mimowera gamomZiebeli

mosamarTlisaTvis winaswari Setyobinebisa da am ukanasknelis an

sxva Tanamdebobis piris zedamxedvelobis gareSe. es debuleba

analogiurad gamoiyeneba dakavebul pirsa da adamianis uflebaTa

evropul sasamarTlos Soris mimowerasTan mimarTebaSi.

58.

272-e muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, rodesac xdeba

sabraldebo daskvnis wardgena winaswar patimrobaSi myofi

pirisTvis da im pirobiT, rom igi ar Seicavs winadadebas

aRniSnuli piris gaTavisuflebis Taobaze, sasamarTlom unda

Seiswavlos

sakuTari

iniciativiT

sabraldebo

daskvnis

wardgenidan sami dRis ganmavlobaSi, arsebobs Tu ara sakmarisi

safuZveli braldebulis patimrobis vadis gasagrZeleblad da

gamoitanos gadawyvetileba winaswari patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis

an dakavebuli piris gaTavisuflebis Taobaze.

59.

im patimrebisaTvis, romelTa saqmeebic jer ar gadascemia

sasamarTlos an romlebic gaamarTles an gaaTavisufles

542-e muxlis 1-li punqti iTvaliswinebs kompensaciis uflebas

sasamarTlo procesis Semdeg, im pirebisTvis, romlebmac moixades

SemdgomSi Semcirebuli an gauqmebuli sasjeli da agreTve

imaTTvis, vinc daakaves an daapatimres Secdomisa Tu ukanono

qmedebis

Sedegad

an

romelTa

winaswari

patimrobis

vada

gadascilda im patimrobis vadas, romelic maT SeefardaT sasjelis

saxiT.

samarTali

I.

mTavrobis pirveladi pretenziebi

a. dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebis amowurva

60. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom ganmcxadebels ar miumarTavs

sakonstitucio sasamarTlosTvis (Ustavno sodišče) konstituciuri

sarCeliT kompensaciis Taobaze, rasac iTvaliswinebs konstituciis

26-e muxli. mTavrobis daskvniT, ganmcxadebelma ar amowura dacvis

yvela Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualeba, rogorc amas konvenciis 35-

e muxli (Zveli redaqciiT 26-e muxli) iTvaliswinebs.

61.

sasamarTlo

aRniSnavs,

rom

mTavrobas

zemoxsenebuli

pretenzia ar wamouyenebia, rogorc es unda gaekeTebina, komisiis

mier ganacxadis arsebiT ganxilvaze dasaSvebobis sakiTxis

ganxilvisas (ix. punqti 4). aqedan gamomdinare, adgili aqvs

saproceso gadaxvevas (inter alia, ix. saqmeze Nikolova v. Bulgaria [GC]

gamotanili ganCineba, ganacxadi # 31195/96, punqti 44, ECHR 1999-II].

b.

im

saCivrebis

ganxilva,

romlebic

ar

wamouyenebia

ganmcxadebels

62.

mTavroba aprotestebda, rom komisiam ganixila saqmis

faqtobrivi garemoebebi konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 da me-5

punqtebis Sesabamisad im faqtis miuxedavad, rom ganmcxadebeli ar

eyrdnoboda am debulebebs Tavis ganacxadSi.

63.

sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom konvenciis organoebs konvenciis

moTxovnebis mTlianobis WrilSi aqvT iurisdiqcia, ganixilon is

garemoebebi, romlebsac asaCivrebs ganmcxadebeli. am amocanis

ganxorcielebisas isini uflebamisilni arian, saqmeze arsebul

faqtebs

miscen

Tavisufali

samarTlebrivi

Sefaseba,

ganmcxadeblisagan gansxvavebiT, an, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, faqtebi

dainaxon gansxvavebul WrilSi (ix., inter alia, saqmeze Camenzind v.

Switzerland gamotanili ganCineba, 1997 wlis 16 dekemberi, moxsenebebi

ganCinebebsa da gadawyvetilebebze 1997-VIII, gv. 2895-96, punqti 50).

64.

mimarTebaSi, romlebic arsebiTad ganixila komisiam, gansazRvrulia

komisiis gadawyvetilebiT, romlis Tanaxmadac ganacxadi

sasamarTlos

iurisdiqciis

farglebi

im

saqmeebTan

daSvebulad gamocxadda (ix. saqme Thlimmenos v. Greece [GC], ganacxadi

# 34369/97, punqti 28, ECHR 2000-IV). amasTanave, sasamarTlos winaSe

samarTalwarmoebisas ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda konvenciis me-5

muxlis me-4 da me-5 punqtebis darRvevas. aqedan gamomdinare,

sasamarTlos aqvs iurisdiqcia, ganixilos aRniSnuli saCivrebi.

II.

konvenciis me-3 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

65.

ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-3

muxlis darRvevas. aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad:

`aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebros wamebas an araadamianur Tu

damamcirebel mopyrobas an dasjas.~

66.

sasamarTlos

winaSe

samarTalwarmoebisas

ganmcxadebeli

amtkicebda, rom dakavebis dros sloveniis policiam sxeulis mZime

dazianeba miayena da mas ar Cautarda saTanado samedicino

mkurnaloba Semdgomi patimrobis ganmavlobaSi.

67.

mTavrobis mtkicebiT, policiam dakavebis dros Zala mxolod

im farglebSi gamoiyena, rac aucilebeli iyo ganmcxadeblis

saqcielidan gamomdinare. man agreTve gaaprotesta ganmcxadeblis

braldebebi arasakmarisi mkurnalobis Taobaze. kerZod, mTavrobam

miuTiTa, rom ganmcxadebelma uari Tqva eqimebis mier rekomendebul

qirurgiul Carevaze.

1.

ganmcxadeblisadmi savaraudo cudad mopyroba dakavebis dros

68.

sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mxareebma ar gaaprotestes is

faqti, rom, rogorc samedicino daskvnidan Cans, ganmcxadebels

dazianeba miayenes dakavebis dros. Tumca momxdarTan dakavSirebiT

ganmcxadeblisa da mTavrobis mier gansxvavebuli versiebi iqna

warmodgenili (ix. punqtebi 12-15).

69.

sasamarTlos mier dadgenili precedentuli samarTlis

Tanaxmad, faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgena da Semowmeba im

saqmeebze, romlebic Tavdapirvelad komisiam ganixila, upiratesad

am ukanasknelis saqmea. marTalia, sasamarTlo ar aris valdebuli,

daeyrdnos komisiis mier dadgenil faqtebs da mas Tavisuflad

SeuZlia Tavad Seafasos mis winaSe wardgenili masalebi, am

uflebamosilebas igi mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi iyenebs

(ix. saqmeze Kaya v. Turkey gamotanili ganCineba, 1998 wlis 19

Tebervali, moxsenebebi 1998-I, gv. 321, punqti 75).

70.

komisias ar SeeZlo daexata im faqtobrivi garemoebebis

sruli suraTi, romlebSic ganmcxadebelma dazianeba miiRo. man

saboloo daskvnaSi aRniSna, rom, araerTgzis Txovnis miuxedavad,

mTavrobas aranairad ar dausabuTebia Tavisi argumentebi, rom

ganmcxadebelma dazianeba SemTxveviT miiRo. me-3 muxlis darRvevis

dadgenisas komisia ZiriTadad daeyrdno arguments, saqmeze Ribitsch v.

Austria (1995 wlis 4 dekembris ganCineba, seria A # 336, gv. 26, punqti

38) miTiTebiT, rom mTavrobam ver SeZlo dazianebis dasabuTeba da

iseTi mtkicebulebis warmodgena, romelic eWvqveS daayenebda

ganmcxadeblis axsna-ganmartebas.

71.

sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom savaraudo cudad mopyrobas,

romelsac Sedegad dazianeba mohyva, adgili hqonda ganmcaxdeblis

dakavebisas da ara mas Semdeg, rac igi winaswar patimrobaSi iqna

ayvanili. amgvarad, saqme gansxvavebuli unda iqnes Ribitsch-is

saqmisagan, rodesac ganmcxadebelma dazianeba ganicada patimrobis

dros. meore mxriv, saqme gansxvavebuli unda iqnes, agreTve,

saqmisagan Klaas v. Germany (1993 wlis 22 seqtembris ganCineba, seria A

# 269, gv. 16-18, punqtebi 26-30), romelic exeboda naklebad mZime

dazianebas, romelsac adgili hqonda dakavebis operaciis dros,

magram erovnulma sasamarTloebma daadgines faqtebi mas Semdeg,

rac miecaT SesaZlebloba, uSualod daekiTxaT mowmeebi da

SeefasebinaT maTi sarwmunoeba.

72.

mocemul

SemTxvevaSi

operaciis

ganmcxadebeli

dros, romelsac

ar

daukavebiaT

SeiZleboda

SemTxveviTi

gauTvaliswinebeli Sedegi mohyoloda, razec policia winaswari

momzadebis gareSe moaxdenda reagirebas. sasamarTlos winaSe

wardgenili dokumentebi miuTiTebs, rom policiam winaswar dagegma

dakavebis operacia da rom mas sakmarisi dro hqonda, Seefasebina

SesaZlo riski da mieRo yvela aucilebeli zoma dakavebis

operaciis

Casatareblad.

operaciaSi

monawileobda

cameti

policieli da isini ricxobrivad aRematebodnen sam eWvmitanils,

romlebic unda aeyvanaT. ufro metic, ganmcxadebels ar SeuSinebia

policiis oficrebi, magaliTad, iaraRis aSkara tarebiT an maTze

TavdasxmiT. amis sapirispirod, ganmcxadeblisTvis miyenebuli

gansakuTrebiT mZime dazianebisa da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

sadavo faqtebi ar daudgenia erovnul sasamarTlos, mTavrobas

ekisreba

mtkicebis

tvirTi,

warmoadginos

damajerebeli

argumentebi, rom Zalis gamoyeneba ar iyo gadaWarbebuli.

73.

mTavrobam

daTariRebuli

2000 wlis 23 maiss, saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis Semdeg,

sasamarTlos

daskvna

warudgina

policiis

1996

qmedebaze

wlis

8

martiT

ganmcxadeblis

dakavebisas. es moxseneba ar warudgeniaT komisiis winaSe saqmis

ganxilvis dros. mTavrobam daaskvna, rom gamomZieblebi

moqmedebdnen kanonis Sesabamisad da Zalis gamoyeneba aucilebeli

gaxada ganmcxadebelma, romelic winaaRmdegobas uwevda maT (ix.

punqti 14).

74.

sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom gamoZiebis Catarebis Sesaxeb

brZaneba gacemuli iqna xuTi Tvis Semdeg incidentidan, romelsac

adgili hqonda 1995 wlis 8 seqtembers. gamoZieba Catarda sloveni

gradecis

policiis

administraciaSi,

romlis

wevrebic

monawileobdnen ganmcxadeblis dakavebis operaciaSi. daskvna ar

akonkretebs, Tu ra informaciasa da mtkicebulebebs efuZneba igi.

kerZod, daskvnidan ar Cans, rom misma avtorebma mousmines

ganmcxadebels, masTan erTad dakavebul sxva pirebsa an romelime

sxva mowmes policielebis garda. ufro metic, mTavrobam ver axsna,

Tu ratom gaxda daskvna xelmisawvdomi mxolod samarTalwarmoebis

saboloo etapze.

75.

komisiis winaSe samarTalwarmoebisas mTavroba amtkicebda,

rom ganmcxadebelma dazianeba miiRo, rodesac Tavi manqanis

bamperze daartya (ix. komisiis 1999 wlis 23 aprilis daskvnis 21-e

punqti). Tumca policiis 1996 wlis 8 martis daskvna miuTiTebs, rom

ganmcxadebelma saxe daartya gaCerebuli manqanis frTas da

avtosadgomis gudroniT mopirkeTebul zedapirs (ix. zemoT, punqti

14). mTavrobam ar axsna es Seusabamoba.

76.

sasamarTlo ixsenebs, rom ganmcxadebels awuxebda ybis

ormagi motexiloba, iseve, rogorc saxis kontuzia. miyenebuli mZime

dazianebis gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve zemoxsenebul daskvnaSi

ganviTarebuli msjelobis miuxedavad, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom

mTavrobas

ar

warmoudgenia

dasabuTebuli

an

sarwmuno

argumentacia, rac Zireulad axsnida an gaamarTlebda dakavebis

operaciis

dros

Zalis

gamoyenebis

xarisxs.

Sesabamisad,

gamoyenebuli Zala iyo gadaWarbebuli da gaumarTlebeli mocemul

garemoebebSi.

77.

Zalis amgvar gamoyenebas Sedegad mohyva dazianeba, romelmac

ganmcxadebels udavod miayena seriozuli tanjva, romelic

SinaarsiT aradamianur mopyrobas uTanabrdeboda.

78.

amgvarad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevas im

mopyrobis gamo, romelsac ganmcxadebeli daeqvemdebara dakavebis

dros.

2.

ganmcxadeblisadmi savaraudo cudad mopyroba patimrobaSi

yofnis dros

79.

mTavrobis argumenti, rom eqimi dauyovnebliv iqna gamoZaxebuli mas

Semdeg, rac man moiTxova samedicino Semowmeba 1995 wlis

ganmcxadebels

sasamarTlos

winaSe

ar

gausaCivrebia

9

seqtembers, diliT. garda amisa, warmodgenili dokumentebi

miuTiTebs, rom am dRidan ganmcxadebels regularulad sinjavdnen

eqimebi da rom man TviTon ganacxada uari specialistebis mier

rekomendebul qirurgiul Carevaze. amgvarad, sasamarTlo adgens,

rom am TvalsazrisiT ar wamoiWreba sakiTxi konvenciis me-3 muxlis

Sesabamisad.

80.

sasamarTlos azriT, mopyroba, romelsac ganmcxadebeli

daeqvemdebara cixeSi, kerZod, is, rom cixis TanamSromlebma ver

SeZles, miewodebinaT misTvis tkivilgamayuCebeli saSualebebi

ramdenime SemTxvevaSi, ar aRwevda simkacris xarisxs, romelic im

daskvnamde

migviyvanda,

rom

adgili

hqonda

me-3

muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli uflebis darRvevas.

81.

Sesabamisad,

mocemul

SemTxvevaSi

adgili

ar

hqonia

konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevas ganmcxadeblis mopyrobis gamo

misi patimrobis dros.

III.

konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

82.

ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom winaswari patimrobis sawyis etapze

sloveniis

sasamarTloebs

swrafad

ar

gadauwyvetiaT

misi

Suamdgomlobebi

gaTavisuflebis

Taobaze.

igi amtkicebda

konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 muxlis darRvevas. am muxlis mixedviT:

`dakavebiT an dapatimrebiT TavisuflebaaRkveTil yvela pirs

ufleba aqvs sasamarTlo procesze, romliTac sasamarTlos mier

swrafad gadawydeba dapatimrebis kanoniereba da gaicema brZaneba

gaTavisuflebaze, Tu dapatimreba ar aris kanonieri.~

83.

mTavrobis mtkicebiT, 1995 wlis 6-19 oqtombers ori instanciis

sasamarTloebma ganixiles ganmcxadeblisTvis winaswari patimrobis

vadis gagrZelebis sakiTxi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

205-e muxlis Sesabamisad. am sakiTxis ganxilvas igive faqtobrivi

da samarTlebrivi safuZveli hqonda, rac gaTavisuflebis Taobaze

ganmcxadeblis 1995 wlis 3 oqtombris Suamdgomlobas. amdenad,

mTavrobis

azriT,

ar

arsebobda

imis

aucilebloba,

rom

Suamdgomloba

gaTavisuflebis

Taobaze

calke ganexilaT

ganmcxadeblisTvis patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis Taobaze sakiTxis

gadawyvetamde. yovel SemTxvevaSi, `swrafad~ ganxilvis moTxovna

daculi iqna.

84.

sasamarTlo

imeorebs,

rom

me-5

muxlis

me-4

punqti,

uzrunvelyofs ra TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebisaTvis uflebas,

samarTalwarmoebis meSveobiT gaasaCivron Tavisuflebis aRkveTis

kanoniereba,

agreTve

iTvaliswinebs

maT

uflebas,

samarTalwarmoebis dawyebis Semdeg, sasamarTlos mier patimrobis

kanonierebis swrafad gadawyvetaze da mis Sewyvetaze, Tu is aris

kanonieri (ix. Musiał v. Poland [GC], # 24557/94, punqti 43, ECHR 1999-II).

sakiTxi imis Taobaze, iqna Tu ara daculi piris ufleba me-5

muxlis me-4 punqtis Sesabamisad, ganxiluli unda iqnes TiToeul

saqmeze arsebuli garemoebebis WrilSi (ix., mutatis mutandis, saqmeze

The R.M.D. v. Switzerland gamotanili ganCineba, 1997 wlis 26 seqtemberi,

moxsenebebi 1997-VI, gv. 2013, punqti 42).

85.

winamdebare saqmeSi ganmcxadebelma gaTavisuflebis Taobaze

pirveli Suamdgomloba 1995 wlis 3 oqtombers Seitana. sloveni

gradecis saolqo sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila es Suamdgomloba

1995 wlis 26 oqtombers, anu ocdasami dRis Semdeg. 1995 wlis 29

noembers

ganmcxadebelma

kvlav

Seitana

Suamdgomloba

gaTavisuflebis Taobaze. 1995 wlis 22 dekembers, ocdasami dRis

Semdeg, sloveni gradecis saolqo sasamarTlom kvlav ar

daakmayofila igi.

86.

sasamarTlo

adgens,

rom

gaTavisuflebis

Taobaze

Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic ganmcxadebelma Seitana 1995 wlis 3

oqtombersa da 29 noembers, ar iqna ganxiluli `swrafad~, rogorc

amas me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti moiTxovs.

87.

is faqti, rom mariboris uzenaesma sasamarTlom ganixila

ganmcxadeblis saCivrebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier 1995

wlis 6 oqtombersa da 27 noembers gamotanil gadawyvetilebebze

winaswari patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis Taobaze, ar axdens

gavlenas am daskvnaze. faqtobrivad, 1995 wlis 19 oqtombris

gadawyvetilebiT mariboris uzenaesma sasamarTlom calsaxad

ganacxada, ganmcxadeblis saCivris sapasuxod, rom

1995 wlis 3

oqtombris Suamdgomloba gaTavisuflebis Taobaze unda ganexila

sloveni gradecis saolqo sasamarTlos (ix. punqti 40). amgvarad,

samarTalwarmoeba

SuamdgomlobebTan

gaTavisuflebis

dakavSirebiT

Taobaze

damoukidebeli

ganmcxadeblis

iyo im

samarTalwarmoebisagan, romelic winaswari patimrobis vadis

gagrZelebas Seexeboda da aRZruli iqna sloveniis xelisuflebis

mier sakuTari iniciativiT.

88.

Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4

punqtis darRvevas.

IV.

konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis savaraudo darRveva

ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis

89.

darRvevasTan mimarTebaSi, romelic zemoT iqna dadgenili, mas ar

hqonda aRsrulebadi ufleba kompensaciaze. igi miuTiTebda

konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-5 punqtis darRvevaze. aRniSnuli muxlis

mixedviT:

`yvelas, vinc aris dakavebis an dapatimrebis msxverpli am muxlis

debulebaTa darRveviT, aqvs aRsrulebadi ufleba kompensaciaze.~

90.

mTavroba amtkicebda, rom saqme ar wamoWrida sakiTxs me-5

muxlis me-4 punqtis WrilSi, radgan ganmcxadeblis uflebebi,

romlebsac iTvaliswinebs konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqti,

daculi iyo.

91.

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 542-e muxlis 1-li punqtis Sesabamis

nawilebTan erTad, iTvaliswinebs kompensaciis uflebas im

sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konstituciis 26-e muxli, sisxlis

SemTxvevebSi, rodesac Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ukanono iyo an

Secdomis Sedegs warmoadgenda. amgvarad, araferi miuTiTebs imaze,

rom ganmcxadeblisTvis patimrobis vadis gagrZeleba, kerZod,

gaTavisuflebis Taobaze Suamdgomlobebze uari, iyo ukanono an

Secdomis Sedegi sloveniis kanonmdeblobis miznebisaTvis.

92.

aRniSnul

garemoebebSi

sasamarTlo

adgens,

rom

ganmcxadeblis ufleba kompensaciaze konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4

punqtis darRvevasTan mimarTebaSi ar yofila daculi sakmarisi

xarisxis gansazRvrulobiT (ix. saqmeze Sakık and Others v. Turkey

gamotanili ganCineba, 1997 wlis 26 noemberi, moxsenebebi 1997-VII, gv.

2626, punqti 60).

93.

Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-4

punqtis darRvevas.

V.

konvenciis me-8 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

sasamarTlos winaSe ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom komisiasTan

94.

misi mimowera yovlad gaumarTlebel Semowmebas eqvemdebareboda.

igi amtkicebda konvenciis me-8 muxlis darRvevas. am muxlis

mixedviT:

`1.

yvelas aqvs ufleba, pativi scen mis pirad da ojaxur

cxovrebas, mis sacxovrebelsa da mis mimoweras.

2.

dauSvebelia sajaro xelisuflebis Careva am uflebis

ganxorcielebaSi, garda iseTi Carevisa, rac daSvebulia kanoniT da

aucilebelia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis,

sazogadoebrivi

usafrTxoebis

an

qveynis

ekonomikuri

keTildReobis interesebisaTvis an uwesrigobis an danaSaulis

Tavidan asacileblad, janmrTelobis an zneobis an sxvaTa

uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvisaTvis.~

95.

mTavrobis mtkicebiT, komisiasTan ganmcxadeblis mimoweris

Semowmeba ganxorcielda sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis

211-e muxlis Sesabamisad. mTavrobis TqmiT, 1998 wlis 23 oqtombers

amoqmedebuli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 213-e (b)

muxlis

me-3

punqtis

Sesabamisad

sloveniaSi

gauqmda

TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebsa da adamianis uflebaTa evropul

sasamarTlos Soris mimoweris Semowmeba.

96.

sasamarTlo adgens, rom komisiasTan ganmcxadeblis mimoweris

Semowmeba uTanabrdeba me-8 muxlis 1-li punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul

uflebebSi Carevas.

97.

zemoxsenebuli Careva rom ar ewinaaRmdegebodes me-8 muxls,

igi unda iyos `daSvebuli kanoniT~, emsaxurebodes me-2 punqtiT

gaTvaliswinebul kanonier mizans da unda iyos `aucilebeli

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi~ aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad (ix.

saqmeze Silver and Others v. the United Kingdom gamotanili ganCineba, 1983

wlis 25 marti, seria A # 61, gv. 32 punqti 84, da saqmeze Petra v.

Romania gamotanili ganCineba, 1998 wlis 23 seqtemberi, moxsenebebi

1998-VII, gv. 2853, punqti 36).

98.

Carevas hqonda samarTlebrivi safuZveli, kerZod, sisxlis

saproceso kodeqsis 211-e muxlis me-3 punqti.

samarTlis

Sesabamisad, SeiZleba miCneuli iqnes, rom igi `uwesrigobis an

danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis~ kanonier mizans emsaxureboda.

99.

ar

rac Seexeba Carevis aucileblobas, sasamarTlo adgens, rom

arsebobda raime aucilebeli safuZveli im mimoweris

SemowmebisaTvis, romlis konfidencialurobis dacva mniSvnelovani

iyo (ix. saqmeze Campbell v. the United Kingdom gamotanili ganCineba, 1992

wlis 25 marti, seria A # 233, gv. 22, punqti 62). Sesabamisad, Careva

ar iyo aucilebeli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi me-8 muxlis me-2

punqtis mniSvnelobiT.

100. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom 1998 wlis 23 oqtombers sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 213-e (b) muxlis me-3 punqtis

amoqmedebis Semdeg TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebsa da sasamarTlos

Soris mimoweris Semowmeba gauqmda. magram es ar cvlis winamdebare

saqmeSi arsebul mdgomareobas.

101.

aqedan gamomdinare, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-8 muxlis

darRvevas.

VI.

konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyeneba

102. konvenciis 41-e muxlis Tanaxmad:

`Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom dairRva konvencia da misi oqmebi,

xolo

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTali darRvevis mxolod nawilobrivi

gamosworebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,

Sesabamisi

maRali

xelSemkvreli

mxaris

sasamarTlo dazaralebul mxares samarTlian dakmayofilebas

miakuTvnebs.~

a.

materialuri ziani

103. ganmcxadebelma pretenzia ganacxada 174 897 germanul markaze,

miuTiTebda ra ZiriTadad misi partnioris mier dakargul

Semosavalsa da gaweul xarjebze, rodesac mas uvlida sloveniaSi,

misi partnioris manqanis CamorTmevaze sloveniis xelisuflebis

organoebis mier da misi kuTvnili aqciebis gaufasurebaze

sloveniaSi misi patimrobis dros.

104. mTavrobam gaaprotesta es pretenzia, radgan dausabuTeblad

miiCnia.

105. sasamarTlo

ver

xedavs

pirdapir

mizezobriv

kavSirs

konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebaTa darRvevebis dadgenasa da

gancxadebul materialur zians Soris. amdenad, am kuTxiT ar

arsebobs kompensaciis mikuTvnebis aranairi safuZveli.

b.

aramaterialuri ziani

106. ganmcxadebeli kompensaciis saxiT moiTxovda 1 000 000

germanul markas sloveniis xelisuflebis mopyrobis Sedegad

miyenebuli tkivilisa da tanjvisaTvis.

107. mTavrobam es Tanxa gadaWarbebulad miiCnia. misi mtkicebiT,

ganmcxadebeli Tavad iyo pasuxismgebeli ybis dazianebisaTvis,

garda amisa, man uari ganacxada qirurgiul Carevaze.

108. sasamarTlo azriT, ganmcxadeblisTvis miyenebul dazianebas

unda gamoewvia seriozuli tkivili. Tumca am kuTxiT zianis

Sefasebisas sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos is faqti, rom

ganmcxadebelma

ar

isurva

saTanado

mkurnalobis

Catareba

sloveniaSi miyenebuli dazianebisaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom,

samedicino eqspertebis azriT, qirurgiuli Careva aucilebeli iyo

(ix. punqtebi 20-30). sasamarTlo, axdens ra Sefasebas Tanasworobis

principis safuZvelze, ganmcxadebels miakuTvnebs 25 000 germanul

markas.

g. xarjebi da gaweuli danaxarjebi

109. ganmcxadebeli moiTxovda 23 700 germanul markas Semdegi

gadanawilebiT:

a)

16 500 germanuli marka im advokatebis anazRaurebisaTvis,

romlebic ganmcxadebels sloveniaSi sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis

etapze warmoadgendnen;

b)

7 200 germanuli marka satelefono saubrebisaTvis, rac

ganaxorciela misma partniorma, rodesac cdilobda ganmcxadeblis

uflebebis dacvas rogorc sloveniaSi, ise komisiis winaSe.

110.

111.

mTavrobam ganacxada, rom xarjebi dausabuTebuli iyo.

sasamarTlo kvlav aRniSnavs, rom konvenciis 41-e muxlis

Sesabamisad anazRaurebis mizniT unda dadgindes, rom xarjebi

realurad da saWiroebisamebr iqna gaRebuli gonivruli odenobiT

(ixileT, inter alia, saqme Jėčius v. Lithuania, # 34578/97, punqti 112, ECHR

2000-IX).

sasamarTlo ar eTanxmeba imas, rom ganmcxadeblis partnioris

xarjebi SeiZleba miCneuli iqnes saWiroebisamebr gaRebulad

konvenciis darRvevis Tavidan acilebis an gamosworebis kuTxiT.

rac Seexeba advokatebis anazRaurebis Tanxebs, isini upiratesad

Seexeboda ganmcxadeblis sisxlis samarTlis braldebisagan dacvas

sloveniis xelisuflebis organoebis winaSe, rac ar yofila

evropuli sasamarTlos ganxilvis sagani.

sasamarTlo agreTve aRniSnavs, rom evropis sabWom b-n reboks

gadauxada 17 098,12 franguli franki samarTlebrivi daxmarebis

saxiT.

axdens ra Sefasebas samarTlianobis principis safuZvelze,

sasamarTlo ganmcxadebels miakuTvnebs 7 000 germanul markas

damatebiTi Rirebulebis nebismier gadasaxadTan erTad, romelic

SeiZleba daekisros am Tanxas, gamoklebuli 17 098,12 franguli

franki, rac gadauxada evropis sabWom samarTlebrivi daxmarebis

saxiT.

d.

sauravi

112.

sasamarTlosTvis xelmisawvdomi informaciis Sesabamisad,

saprocento ganakveTi, romelic dadgenilia germaniaSi winamdebare

ganCinebis miRebis dRisaTvis, aris wliuri 4%.

zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo

1.

erTxmad uaryofs mTavrobis pirvelad pretenziebs;

2.

adgens eqvsi xmiT erTis winaaRmdeg, rom adgili hqonda

konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevas ganmcxadeblis mimarT dakavebis

dros mopyrobis gamo;

3.

erTxmad adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-3 muxlis

darRvevas ganmcxadeblis mimarT patimrobis dros mopyrobis gamo;

4.

erTxmad adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-

4 punqtis darRvevas;

5.

erTxmad adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-

5 punqtis darRvevas;

6.

erTxmad adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-8 muxlis

darRvevas;

7.

erTxmad adgens, rom

(a) mopasuxe saxelmwifom sami Tvis vadaSi ganmcxadebels

unda gadauxados: 25 000 (ocdaxuTi aTasi) germanuli marka

gancdili aramaterialuri zianisaTvis da 7 000 (Svidi aTasi)

germanuli marka xarjebisa da gaweuli danaxarjebisaTvis

damatebiTi Rirebulebis nebismier gadasaxadTan erTad,

romelic SeiZleba daekisros am Tanxas, gamoklebuli 17 098,12

(Cvidmeti aTas oTxmocdaTvrameti franguli franki da

Tormeti centi) franguli franki, rac gadaxdili unda iqnes

germanuli markiT winamdebare ganCinebis gamotanis dRisTvis

moqmedi ganakveTiT;

(b)

zemoxsnebuli

sami

Tvis

vadis

gasvlis

Semdeg

morigebamde gadaxdili unda iqnes martivi procenti wliuri

4%-iani ganakveTiT.

8.

uaryofs ganmcxadeblis danarCen moTxovnebs samarTlian

dakmayofilebasTan dakavSirebiT.

Sesrulebulia inglisur enaze da gacxadebulia werilobiT 2000

wlis 28 noembers sasamarTlos reglamentis 77-e muxlis me-2 da me-3

punqtebis Sesabamisad.

maikl oboili

mdivani

elizabet palmi

Tavmjdomare

konvenciis 45-e muxlis me-2 punqtisa da reglamentis 74-e muxlis me-

punqtis Sesabamisad, ganCinebas Tan erTvis b-n zupanCiCis

2

nawilobriv gansxvavebuli azri.

e.p.

m.o.b

mosamarTle zupanCiCis nawilobriv gansxvavebuli azri

I

es

gansakuTrebuli

saqmea,

Tundac

saproceso

kuTxiT.

ganmcxadebels arasodes wamouyenebia sakiTxi Tavisi dazianebis

Sesaxeb gamomZiebeli mosamarTlis an saqmis ganmxilveli

mosamarTleebis winaSe, Tumca mas im dros mxolod braldebis

tvirTi (onus proferrendi) ekisreboda. mas rom mxolod emtkicebina

cudad

mopyroba,

sasamarTlo

valdebuli

iqneboda,

gaeTvaliswinebina,

xolo prokurori

valdebuli

iqneboda,

eWvmitanili policielebis winaaRmdeg aReZra sisxlis samarTlis

saqme. Tu aRniSnuli Sedegs ar gamoiRebda, ganmcxadebels hqonda

ramdenime saSualeba, romelTa amowurvis Semdeg mas SeeZlo

konstituciuri sarCelisTvis miemarTa. winamdebare saqmisaTvis

namdvilad yuradsaRebia, rom ganmcxadebels arasodes miumarTavs

aRniSnuli Cveulebrivi procedurebisTvis, romlebsac Sedegad

mohyveboda misTvis miyenebuli zianis sasamarTlo gamoZieba.

mTavrobas, Tavis mxriv, ar gausaCivrebia samarTalwarmoebis

saTanado etapze is faqti, rom ar yofila amowuruli dacvis yvela

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi

saSualeba.

amdenad,

saqme

evropul

sasamarTlos gadaeca zogierTi mniSvnelovani elementis arsebiTad

ganxilvis gareSe. ramdenadac ar yofila Sida sasamarTlo

gamoZieba, es faqtebi mxolod mogvianebiT gaxda Sesabamisi

konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevis braldebis WrilSi.

sinamdvileSi

yofila pirdapir

dakavebis

mniSvnelovani

garemoebebi

arasdros

principis

dadgenili,

dauyovneblobis

Sesabamisad, Sida Tu saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo xelisuflebis

mier. amgvarad, savaraudod, zedmeti Zalis gamoyenebis arsebiTi

sakiTxi ganmcxadeblis kanonieri dapatimrebisas pirvelad iqna

warmodgenili adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos winaSe.

amiT Cven SevasruleT faqtebis damdgeni pirveli intanciis

sasamarTlos roli.

ufro metic, momavalSi, me-11 oqmis gavleniT, aseTi saqmeebi kvlav

ganmeordeba. amJamad komisia, romelic sasamarTlosTvis faqtebis

dadgenis arsebiT funqcias asrulebs, aRar arsebobs.

aqedan logikurad gamomdinareobs, rom sasamarTlos mouwevs axal

situaciasTan adaptacia. mas mouwevs iseTi situaciebis daSveba,

winamdebare saqmis msgavsad, rom mis winaSe mosmena pirveli

instanciis erovnuli sasamarTloebis winaSe mosmenas daemsgavseba.

sasamarTlos mouwevs mowmeebis mosmena, dapirispirebuli mowmeebis

jvaredini dakiTxva, pirdapiri dakiTxa, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis

Sefaseba da a.S. sasamarTlos mouxdeba daadginos Tavisi wesebi

mtkicebis tvirTis, dubio pro reo principisa da a.S. Sesaxeb. es wesebi

ukve arsebobs Cvens sasamarTlo praqtikaSi, Tundac elementaruli

formiT. da, ra Tqma unda, am saproceso normebis dadgenisas Cven

mkacrad unda mivdioT me-6 muxlis garantiebs, rogorc amas

konvenciis yvela xelmomwerisgan moviTxovT.

es Seexeba yvela im saqmes, romlebSic, konvenciis xedviT,

garkveuli faqtebi samarTlebrivad Sesabamisi mxolod imitom

xdeba, rom saqme Setanili iqna adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlos winaSe, da mxolod amis Semdeg.

ra Tqma unda, simarTlea, rom is, rasac Cven `faqtebs~ an

`samarTlebrivad marTlzomier faqtebs~ vuwodebT, zogjer ar aris

ubralod da martivad `obieqturi~. konkretul saqmeSi uamravi

`faqtidan~ mxolod SerCeul aspeqtebs eqceva sasamarTlos

yuradReba. es mxolod maSin xdeba, rodesac saqmis samarTlebrivi

kvalifikacia gamoiyeneba mocemuli faqtobrivi magaliTis mimarT

sasamarTlos mier. Tavis mxriv, ra Tqma unda, norma, romelic

gamoiyeneba samarTlebrivi kvalifikaciis misacemad konkretuli

saqmisTvis, TavisTavad aRqmul faqtebTan mimarTebaSia arCeuli.

amdenad, adgili aqvs dinamikur da dialeqtikur kavSirs faqtebsa

da normebs Soris. gamosayenebeli normis arCevaze dayrdnobiT,

sasamarTlo yuradRebis qveS sxvadasxva faqtebi xvdeba, TiTqos

isini sxva saTvaliT iqna danaxuli.

aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom faqtebi, romlebic Sesabamisi da

gadamwyveti unda iyos Sida sasamarTloebisTvis, xSirad ar aris

Sesabamisi

sasamarTlosaTvis,

da

gadamwyveti

adamianis

uflebaTa

Cven

evropuli

viyenebT

da piriqiT.

strasburgSi

sxvadasxva principebs, doqtrinebsa da wesebs, romlebic efuZneba

konvenciis normebsa da SemuSavebulia evropuli sasamarTlos

precedentuli

samarTlis

ormocdaaTi

wlis

ganmavlobaSi.

identuri faqtobrivi magaliTi SeiZleba sxvagvari samarTlebrivi

perspeqtiviT iqnes danaxuli an, winamdebare saqmis msgavsad,

srulebiTac ar daeqvemdebaros sasamarTlos mier ganxilvas.

aRniSnuli problema ar aris axali. sasamarTlo yovelTvis iyenebs

Tavis kriteriumebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra aris Sesabamisi

konvenciis safuZvelze. sxvagvarad rom iTqvas, es Cven baton

Jurdenis rolSi Cagvayenebda [batoni Jurdeni molieris piesis,

`gaaznaurebuli

gancvifrebulia imiT, rom didi xnis ganvamlobaSi `prozaulad”

laparakobda. konvenciis Sesabamisi specialuri faqtobrivi

mdabios~,

mTavari

moqmedi

piria],

romelic

analizis gamoyeneba, sabolood, ra Tqma unda, adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli sasamarTlos misias warmoadgens.

amaSi araferia gansakuTrebuli, Tu ar CavTvliT faqtebisa da

samarTlis, questiones juris et questiones facti, gaucnobiereblad mkacr

gamijvnas. Tanamedrove samarTlis filosofia didi xania gascda am

xelovnur gansxvavebas. winamdebare saqme sakmaod metyvelebs amis

aucileblobaze. Tumca amas aqvs uaryofiTi gamovlineba xSirad

gamoyenebuli jadosnuri formulisTvis, romlis mixedviTac `Cven

ar varT meoTxe instanciis sasamarTlo~ da faqtebis gamoZiebas

erovnul sasamarTloebs mivandobT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac

ganmcxadebeli Civis aSkara xarvezebze erovnuli sasamarTloebis

mxridan, es SeiZleba marTebul midgomad iqnes miCneuli. es aSkarad

araswori midgomaa im saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi, rodesac erovnul

sasamarTloebs ar hqoniaT saSualeba, emsjelaT konvenciis

gamoyenebis Taobaze.

doqtrina,

romelic

moiTxovs

dacvis

Sidasaxelmwifoebriv

saSualebaTa amowurvas, mxolod nawilobriv efuZneba konvenciis

adre moqmed 26-e, amJamindel 35-e muxls. Tumca, aRniSnuli

debulebis Sesabamisad, saqme SeiZleba nebismier dros iqnes

uaryofili, anu mopasuxe mTavrobis pretenzia ar aris SezRuduli

droSi im periodTan mimarTebaSi, sanam saqmis dasaSvebobis sakiTxi

iqneba ganxiluli. es mxolod komisiisTvis mosaxerxebeli praqtika

iyo, anu ara mZime doqtrina am sityvis Cveulebrivi gagebiT.

debulebis teleologiuri analizi miuTiTebs, rom igi ara mxolod

faqtebis dadgeniT aris dakavebuli. misi mizani, saerTaSoriso

samarTlis kuTxiT, martivad mdgomareobs imaSi, rom maRali

xelSemkvreli mxareebis erovnul sasamarTloebs saSualeba mieceT,

savaldebulod aRiaron konvenciisa da Cveni sasamarTlos mier

moTxovnili minimaluri samarTlebrivi da saproceso standartebi.

faqtebis

erovnuli

dadgenis

kompetenciis

gacnobierebuli

mxolod

delegireba

zemoxsenebuli

sasamarTloebisaTvis

fundamenturi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi etiketis Tanamdevia,

rac efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom yvela wevri saxelmwifo aRiarebs

Tavis valdebulebas konvenciis Sesabamisad.

es gulisxmobs, rom winamdebare saqme SeiZleboda ganxiluliyo

mosmenis Semdegac. Cemi azriT, es iqneboda yvelaze gonivruli, Tu

ar gvinda, rom CaverioT faqtebis uSualo dadgenaSi.

II

gansaxilveli realuri faqti samarTlebrivad kvalificirebulia

rogorc Zalis zedmeti gamoyenebis braldeba narkotikebiT

movaWris kanonieri dakavebisas, rodesac igi cdilobda avstria-

sloveniis sazRvris gadakveTas.

gonivruli eWvis (SesaZlo mizezis) saproceso samarTlebrivi

sakiTxi, romelic win uswrebda dakavebas, agreTve misi konkretuli

da specifikuri xasiaTi, misi wyaroebis kanoniereba da a.S.,

arasdros wamouWria ganmcxadebels. radgan dakavebis kanoniereba

ar yofila gasaCivrebuli, Cven ar viciT, rogor moiZia sloveniis

policiam informacia ganmcxadeblis mcdelobasTan dakavSirebiT,

qveyanaSi Seetana eqstazis momgvreli abebi da sxva kontrabanda.

amgvarad, unda vivaraudoT, rom dakavebis safuZveli iyo kanonieri

rogorc Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobis, ise konvenciis

miznebisaTvis.

Semdegi sakiTxi is aris, Tu ramdenad icoda ganmcxadebelma Tavisi

dakavebis Sesaxeb, anu SeiZleboda Tu ara, rom dakavebisas misi

savaraudo winaaRmdegoba yofiliyo misi mxridan marTlzomieri

Secdomis (error facti) Sedegi. mTavrobis mtkicebiT, policielebi,

romlebic dakavebis operaciaSi monawileobdnen, aSkarad advilad

amosacnobi iyvnen, radgan qurTukebze garkveviT eweraT “POLICIJA”.

ganmcxadeblis TqmiT, policielebs ar ecvaT aRniSnuli qurTukebi

da isini mas `ninZebad~ moeCvena, romlebic masze Tavdasxmas

axorcielebdnen,

kontrabandasTan.

ganmcxadebeli

rasac

Tumca

udavod

saqonlis

aranairi

Znelia

inerviulebda

gamo, mis

kavSiri

amis dajereba,

manqanaSi

gancxadebas

ar

hqonda

radgan

damaluli

mxolod

kontrabanduli

dakavebisaTvis savaraudo winaaRmdegobis gawevis kuTxiT eqneboda

azri. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tundac Tu policielebs ar uCandaT

samkerde niSnebi, Zneli dasajerebelia, rom narkotikebiT movaWre,

romelic `ninZebis~ jgufs gadaawyda, ifiqrebda, rom mas Zarcvis an

sxva amgvari mizniT daesxmodnen Tavs.

Sesabamisad, Tu vivaraudebT, rom ganmcxadebelma icoda, rom mas

apatimrebdnen da imis gamo, rom mas manqanaSi hqonda narkotikebi,

misi mxridan winaaRmdegobis gaweva kanonieri dakavebisaTvis ar

SeiZleba mivaweroT Secdomas. da Tu adgili ar hqonda misi

mxridan

Secdomas,

maSin

winaaRmdegobis

gawevis

raime

gamarTlebuli safuZveli ar arsebobda.

amgvarad, axla daismis kiTxva, Tu ramdenad iyo aucilebeli Zalis

gamoyeneba dakavebis operaciis ganxorcielebisTvis.

Zalis gamoyenebis proporciuloba amgvar situaciebSi calsaxad

damokidebulia im adamianis saqcielze, romelsac aRukveTen

Tavisuflebas.

Tumca sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenilia, rom Zalis

gamoyeneba mZime danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanilis dakavebisas ar

SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod ex post facto. amgvari situaciebisTvis

damaxasiaTebelia xelCarTuli brZola, Cxubi da a.S. im faqtebis

zedmiwevniT Sefasebisas, romelTac Zalis gamoyenebamde mivyavarT,

mxedvelobaSi

mdgomareoba, romlebic Tavs icaven, sxva adamians icaven an sxva

aucilebel RonisZiebas mimarTaven. materialuri sisxlis

unda

iqnes

miRebuli

im

pirTa

aRgznebuli

samarTlis kanonis mixedviT, aseT situacias axasiaTebs Zalis

gamoyeneba Tavis dacvis mizniT. Zalis gamoyeneba Tavis dacvis

mizniT Tavdasxmis Tanadrouli da proporciuli unda iyos, raTa

gamoiricxos aramarTlzomieri Tavdasxma, romelic, Tavis mxriv, ar

unda iyos provocirebuli da a.S. es logika uaxlovdeba mZime

emociuri stresis mdgomareobaSi myofi, uaRresad provocirebuli

adamianis logikas. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsTa umravlesoba

iTvaliswinebs aseT debulebebs. aqedan gamomdinare, yuradsaRebia

Semwynareblobis dasaSvebi zRvari, ramdenadac marTlzomierebis

sxva kriteriumebi (Zalisa da sapasuxo Zalis Tanadrouloba,

dakavebis kanoniereba, piris mier imis codna, rom mas akaveben,

dakavebis ganmaxorcielebeli policielebis keTilsindisiereba da

safrTxis gonivruli aRqma da a.S.) dakmayofilebuli iqneba.

rodesac am logikas mivmarTavT kanonieri dakavebis operaciis

ganxorcielebisTvis, es gulisxmobs, rom Zalis gamoyeneba ar iqneba

gadaWarbebuli, Tu igi, moqmedi piris rwmeniT, ukiduresad

aucilebelia Tavisuflebis kanonieri aRkveTisTvis. Tu piri

winaaRmdegobas wevs dakavebisas, damatebiTi Tanadrouli Zala

gamarTlebulia, raTa policiam miaRwios kanonier mizans. es

kriteriumi rogorc subiqeturi, ise obieqturia.

me mivuTiTeb konvencis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtze, romlis mixedviT

sicocxlis xelyofac ki ar CaiTvleba konvenciis sawinaaRmdegod

Cadenil qmedebad, rodesac igi Sedegia ara umetes absoluturad

aucilebeli Zalis gamoyenebisa, `kanonieri dakavebis an kanonierad

dapatimrebuli piris gaqcevisTvis xelis SeSlis~ mizniT.

sainteresoa, rom es debuleba mainc arsebobs, me-6 oqmis pirveli

muxliT sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis miuxedavad. saxelmwifo, sxva

sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, uflebamosilia, gamoiyenos sasikvdilo

RonisZieba kanonieri dakavebis gansaxorcieleblad, magram ar aris

uflebamosili, Seufardos an aRasrulos sikvdiliT dasja. es

gamonaklisi uSualo kavSirSia Tavis dacvis, sxvisi dacvis da a.S.

eqstremalur garemoebebTan, anu sagangebo situaciebis Sesaxeb

sisxlis samarTlis dadgenil doqtrinasTan. aRniSnul situaciebSi

moqmed

pirs

(damrRvevs)

ar

SeuZlia

miiRos

samarTliani,

miukerZoebeli, gonivruli, winaswar dagegmili da mTlianad

racionaluri gadawyvetileba, rom Zala `ara umetesad absoluturi

aucileblobiT~ aris ganpirobebuli. TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom

am saxis Cxubis, maT Soris dakavebis operaciis ganxorcielebis

dros

orive

mxridan

gadametebuli

reaqciaa

mosalodneli.

sasamarTlos praqtika amyarebs am mosazrebas.

Tumca, rogorc erTi SexedviT Cans, arsebobs winaaRmdegoba, erTi

mxriv, gamonaklisis arsebobas (rac saxelmwifos nebas rTavs,

gamoiyenos sasikvdilo Zala dakavebis ganxorcielebisas) da, meore

mxriv, moTxovnas Soris, rom aRniSnuli sasikvdilo Zalis

gamoyeneba unda iyos absoluturad aucilebeli. am Seusabamobis

axsna mxolod teleologiurad aris SesaZlebeli. mxedvelobaSi

unda viqonioT, rom konvenciis avtorebs ar undodaT, gza gaexsnaT

sasikvdilo Zalis Tavisufali gamoyenebisaTvis kanonieri dakavebis

ganxorcielebis mizniT. Tumca isini miznad ver daisaxavdnen mkacri

da absoluturad gonivrulobas moklebuli standartis amoqmedebas

amgvar sagangebo situaciebSi.

Tu sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba aSkarad daSvebulia konvenciiT

kanonieri dakavebis gansaxorcieleblad, maSin Zalis gamoyeneba, Tu

aucileblad iqneba miCneuli, aris fortiori daSvebuli, Tu igi

Sedegad ganapirobebs ara sikvdils, aramed sxeulis dazianebas.

III

da bolos, daismis kiTxva, vis ekisreba pasuxismgebloba policiis

mier damatebiTi Zalis gamoyenebis dros da mis Sedegad miyenebuli

dazianebis gamo.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi winaswar ganuzraxvelad miyenebuli dazianeba,

materialuri

sisxlis

samarTlis

kanonis

mixedviT,

aris

`gaufrTxileblobis~

Sedegi. pasuxismgebloba

SedegebisaTvis,

romlebic scildeba moqmedi piris pirdapir ganzraxvas, ekisreba im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu es Sedegebi, sul mcire, moqmedi piris daudevrobis

(Segnebuli

gaufrTxileblobis)

an

(ganuzraxveli)

gaufrTxileblobis Sedegia, magram mxolod maSin, Tu es qmedeba

TavisTavad aris dasjadi gaufrTxileblobis formiT. aseT

SemTxvevaSi moqmed pirs, maSinac ki, Tu ar icoda zustad, ra

Sedegebi mohyveboda mis qmedebas, magram SeeZlo da unda scodnoda,

rom

SesaZlebeli

iyo

winaswari

aseTi

Sedegebis

miReba,

gareSe

ekisreba

Cadenili

pasuxismgebloba

qmedebisaTvis.

ganzraxvis

winamdebare saqmeSi, Tundac Teoriulad, ganmcxadeblis gatexili

yba SeiZleboda policielebis pirdapiri ganzraxvis Sedegi (dolus

directus) yofiliyo. zogadad igulisxmeba, rom yvela adamians

ganzraxuli aqvs misi qmedebis Sedegis dadgoma. principSi,

policias unda daekisros tvirTi, daamtkicos, rom miznad ar

isaxavda

igulisxmeba, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi policielebs ganzraxuli

hqondaT TavianTi qmedebebis bunebrivi Sedegi da rom

axorcielebdnen zustad imas, risi ganzraxvac hqondaT.

ganmcxadeblisTvis

zianis

miyenebas.

Tumca

amaSi

saqmeze Selmouni v. France ([GC], # 25803/94, ECHR 1999-V) gamotanili

ganCinebis mixedviT, romelmac gaero-s wamebis sawinaaRmdego

komitetis mier wamebis ganmarteba Cvens iurisprudenciaSi danerga,

es SeiZleboda wamebas gaTanabreboda. sakiTxi Semdegnairad

dadgeboda: iyo Tu ara ganmcxadeblis tkivili da tanjva sastiki

da

hqonda

Tu

ara

policias,

magaliTad,

ganmcxadeblis

diskriminaciis an misi dasjis konkretuli ganzraxva (dolus specialis).

Tu CavTvliT, rom ganmcxadeblisaTvis miyenebuli tkivili an

tanjva naklebia `sastikze~, maSin, wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis

azriT, saqme gveqneba `araadamianur an damamcirebel mopyrobasTan~.

aq mniSvnelovania, xazgasmiT aRiniSnos, rom rogorc wameba, ise

araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyroba moiTxovs pirdapir

ganzraxvas

(dolus

directus)

policielTa

mxridan.

mxolod

gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi, magaliTad, rodesac ganmcxadebels

ugulisyurod eqcevian cixeSi, sakmarisia daudevroba. amjerad aseT

gansakuTrebul garemoebasTan ar gvaqvs saqme.

winamdebare saqmeSi policiis saqcieli, gansxvavebiT Selmouni-is

saqmisagan, romelSic ganmcxadebels sadisturi ziani miayenes

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Semdeg, iyo, yvelaze uares SemTxvevaSi,

gadaWarbebuli reaqcia misi gaqcevis mcdelobaze. aRniSnuli

SeteviTi xasiaTis gadaWarbebuli reaqciis Sedegad miyenebuli

dazianeba ar iyo pirdapiri ganzraxvis Sedegi _ igi iyo Zalis

kanonieri

gamoyenebisas

`gaufrTxileblobis~

Sedegi.

aqedan

gamomdinare, yvelaze uares SemTxvevaSi dazianeba SeiZleba

gamoewvia policielTa gaufrTxileblobas (Segnebul daudevrobas),

magram

ara

maT

ganzraxvas.

ramdenadac

araadamianuri

da

damamcirebeli mopyroba ar moiTxovs pirdapir ganzraxvas, amdenad,

miyenebuli dazianeba, Cemi azriT, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos `wamebad~

an `araadamianur da damamcirebel mopyrobad~.

Tumca naklebad eqstremaluri, magram msgavsi scenaris mixedviT

Cven miviCnevT, rom ganmcxadeblisTvis miyenebuli dazianeba

policielTa mier Zalis ganzrax gamoyenebis gauTvaliswinebeli

Sedegia. policielebis monaTxrobis mixedviT, dakavebis Semdeg

ganmcxadebelma gaqceva scada. aman, Tavis mxriv, ganapiroba is, rom

ori policieli miiWra masTan, miwaze waaqcia da scema. Sedegi

SeiZleba CaiTvalos rogorc ganWvretadad, ise piriqiT. Tumca Tu

ganWvretadi iqneboda, maSin yvelaze uares SemTxvevaSi igi

SeiZleboda

gamoewvia

policielebis

Segnebul

daudevrobas.

ramdenadac Segnebuli daudevroba samarTlebrivad ar ganapirobebs

araadamianur da damamcirebel mopyrobas, Cven ar SegviZlia

vilaparakoT, Tundac yvelaze cudi scenariT, konvenciis me-3

muxlis darRvevaze.

dazianebis xarisxi _ or adgilas gatexili yba _ SesabamisobaSia

am versiasTan, anu ganmcxadebelma yba daartya magar sagans,

savaraudod, iqve gaCerebuli manqanis bampers, maSin, rodesac aseTi

dazianeba aSkarad ar Seesabameba mxolod `saxeSi dartymas~,

rogorc amas ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs.

sloveniaSi moqmedi Sida disciplinuri wesebis Sesabamisad,

naklebad damajerebelia, rom policielebi moqmedebdnen pirdapiri

ganzraxviT (dolus directus), rom yba CaemtvriaT misTvis. sxeulis

amgvari dazianeba aRniSnuli unda yofiliyo dazaralebuli piris

mier

da

policielebis

winaaRmdeg

unda

aRZruliyo

Sida

disciplinuri warmoeba policiis organoebis mier. rogorc gaero-s

wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis wevrs, me maqvs SesaZlebloba,

vicnobde

msoflios

sxvadasxva

kuTxeSi

policiis

aradisciplinirebuli Zalebis mier mudmiv mcdelobas, damalon

msxverplis wamebis an mis mimarT araadamianuri da damamcirebeli

mopyrobis Sedegebi. naklebad damajerebelia, rom policielebi,

romlebsac

amoZravebdaT

araadamianuri

da

damamcirebeli

mopyrobis motivi, miznad isaxavdnen iseTi dazianebis miyenebas,

romelic aSkarad aucilebels gaxdida mkurnalobas da dazianebis

Sesaxeb samedicino daskvnis Sedgenas.

oqmSi inaxeba ganmcxadeblis mier piradad dawerili gancxadeba,

rom dazianeba ar iyo policiis brali. misi mtkicebulebiTi

Rirebuleba naklebi iqneboda, ganmcxadebels rom mxolod xeli

moewera masze, sloveniur da ara mis mSobliur germanul enaze

yofiliyo dawerili da metismetad saeWvo garemoebaSi ar

aRmoCeniliyo. Zneli dasajerebelia, rom SeiZleboda aseTi

adamianis iZuleba, daewera da xeli moewera mkafio gancxadebaze,

romelic

policias

gaamarTlebda.

ganmcxadebeli

miuTiTebs

`fsiqologiur terorze~, magram ar akonkretebs, ra saxis safrTxes

SeeZlo aTletizmis saxeobaSi araerTgzis Cempionis darwmuneba,

daewera: `waviqeci da am dros saxe davartyi manqanis frTas, ris

gamoc yba damizianda. [xelmowera] es moxda guSin, saRamos 5 da 6

saaTs Soris~ (Targmani).

aqedan gamomdinare, mimaCnia, rom ganmcxadebeli gaqcevas cdilobda,

rom orma oficerma miwaze waaqcia, raTa gaqcevisTvis xeli

SeeSalaT da rom man nikapi iqve gaCerebuli manqanis bampers

daartya.

IV

komisiis daskvnaSi metismetad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba arasakmaris

gamoZiebas mopasuxe saxelmwifos mxridan, romelsac ekisreboda

mtkicebis tvirTi, daemtkicebina, rom ganmcxadebeli, romelic

sloveniis policiam daakava janmrTel mdgomareobaSi, ar yofila

daSavebuli policiis mier gadaWarbebuli Zalis gamoyenebis gamo.

magram mopasuxe saxelmwifosTvis pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba

sasamarTlo gamoZiebis ararsebobis saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv

Sedegebze aris misi Cayeneba “catch-22”-is situaciaSi. sasamarTlo

gamoZiebis ararseboba calsaxad imis Sedegia, rom ar yofila

amowuruli dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi. is faqti,

rom ganmcxadebelma ar amowura dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi

saSualebebi, radgan, misi TqmiT, ar SeeZlo saCivriT miemarTa

sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis, mxolod da mxolod imis

Sedegia, rom ganmcxadebels arasodes uCivlia policiis mier

uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

sanam igi miiRebda e.w. sagamoZiebo furcels, romelic miuTiTebs

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis oficialur dawyebas sloveniis Sida

kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, gamomZiebelma magistratma saTanadod

dakiTxa ganmcxadebeli. mas ar gamouTqvams aranairi pretenzia.

amasTanave, sasamarTlo procesis dros mas hqonda saSualeba,

policia cudad mopyrobaSi daedanaSaulebina, magram mas araviTari

pretenzia ar gamouTqvams. erTaderTi tvirTi, romelic mas

ekisreboda mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi, agreTve sisxlis

samarTalwarmoebis bolo etapebze, iyo e.w. braldebis tvirTi (onus

proferrendi). aRniSnul etapebze mxolod mtkicebac ki avtomaturad

migviyvanda policiis mier gadaWarbebuli Zalis gamoyenebis

oficialur gamoZiebamde. am braldebaTa dafiqsirebis safuZvelze

ki

prokurori

ex officio

moiTxovda

sasamarTlo

gamoZiebas

eWvmitanili policielebis winaaRmdeg. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli

ganapirobebda

winaaRmdeg.

sisxlis

samarTalwarmoebas

policielebis

CanawerebSi araferi miuTiTebs imaze, rom ganmcxadebels aRniSnuli

braldeba wamoyenebuli hqonda. Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad,

misi konstituciuri saCivari amgvaradve iqneboda dauSveblad

gamocxadebuli imave safuZvliT, rogorc amas adgili eqneboda

strasburgSi,

mTavrobas

rom

ar

gamorCenoda

da

droze

gaeprotestebina is faqti, rom ganmcxadebelma ar amowura dacvis

yvela Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualeba.

zemoxsenebuli mosazrebebis gamo me xmas ar vaZlev me-3 muxlis

darRvevas.