O B E R S C H L I C K ve r s u s T H E AU S T R I A ( n o . 2 )
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44
O B E R S C H L I C K p r ot i R A K Ú S K U ( è . 2 )
30. Súd poznamenal, e pán Oberschlick bol obalovaný z uráky pána
Haidera za to, e ho nazval Trottel v nadpise a v hlavnej èasti textu èlánku,
ktorý bol uverejnený v èasopise Forum. Pod¾a názoru krajinského súdu vý-
raz samotný bol urálivý a jeho samotné pouitie bolo dostatoèné na spra-
vodlivé obalovanie (pozri odsek 12). Pre viedenský Odvolací súd samotný
fakt, e daný výraz sa objavil aj v nadpise èlánku, pôsobil urálivo, nako¾ko
èitatelia, ktorí neèítali ani èlánok, ani prejav pána Haidera a komentár k
nemu, by neboli spájali tento výraz s tým, èo pán Haider povedal, ale s jeho
s vlastnou osobou (pozri odsek 18).
30. The Court notes that Mr Oberschlick was convicted for having
insulted Mr Haider by describing him as a Trottel in the title and in the
main body of the article he published in Forum. The Regional Court
considered that the word itself was insulting and that its mere use was
enough to justify the conviction (see paragraph 12 above). The Vienna
Court of Appeal took the view that the mere fact that the word in question
also appeared in the title of the article made it insulting since readers who
had read neither the article nor Mr Haiders speech and the comments on
it would link the word not with what Mr Haider had said but with his own
person (see paragraph 18 above).
31. Súd nesúhlasil. V tejto súvislosti zdôraznil, e prijaté súdne rozhod-
nutia sa musia skúma vo svetle prípadu ako celku, zahàòajúc uverejnený
èlánok saovate¾a a okolnosti, na základe ktorých bol napísaný (pozri u
spomínaný rozsudok Oberschlick (è. 1), str. 26, ods. 60).
31. The Court disagrees. It wishes to point out in this connection that
the judicial decisions challenged before it must be considered in the light
of the case as a whole, including the applicants article and the circumstan-
ces in which it was written see the Oberschlick (no. 1) judgment cited
above, p. 26, § 60).
Najdôleitejou skutoènosou z toho je prejav pána Haidera, o ktorom
informoval pán Oberschlick v svojom èlánku. Tvrdiac po prvé, e vetci vo-
jaci, ktorí bojovali v druhej svetovej vojne, bojovali za mier a slobodu, bez
rozdielu na strane akého tátu sa vojny zúèastnili a prispeli k zaloeniu a
budovaniu dnenej demokratickej spoloènosti a podotknúc po druhé, e
len tí, ktorí riskovali ivoty v tejto vojne, sú oprávnení poíva slobodu pre-
javu, mal pán Haider jasný úmysel vyvola provokácie a spôsobi následný
vznik prudkých reakcií.
The most important of these is Mr Haiders speech, which Mr Ober-
schlick was reporting on in his article. In claiming, firstly, that all the
soldiers who had served in the Second World War, whatever side they had
been on, had fought for peace and freedom and had contributed to foun-
ding and building todays democratic society and in suggesting, secondly,
that only those who had risked their lives in that war were entitled to enjoy
freedom of opinion, Mr Haider clearly intended to be provocative and
consequently to arouse strong reactions.
32. Pokia¾ ide o èlánok pána Oberschlicka, tento bol uverejnený so spo-
mínaným prejavom a èlánkom spisovate¾a, ktorý tie reagoval na to, èo pán
Haider povedal. V svojom èlánku saovate¾ struène vysvet¾oval, asi v 20
riadkoch, preèo ho podnietili slová pána Haidera. aby dal prednos názvu
Trottel pred názvom nacista najmä preto, nako¾ko v svojom prejave sa
pán Haider sám vylúèil z poívania slobody prejavu.
32. As to Mr Oberschlicks article, it was published together with the
speech in question and an article by a writer who was also reacting to what
Mr Haider had said. In his article the applicant briefly explained, in some
twenty lines, why Mr Haiders remarks had prompted him to describe him
as a Trottel rather than as a Nazi mainly because in his speech Mr Haider
had excluded himself from enjoying any freedom of opinion.
33. Pod¾a názoru Súdu èlánok saovate¾a, a najmä slovo Trottel, mono
urèite povaova za polemické, ale na základe toho nepredstavujú bezdô-
vodný osobný útok, pretoe autor dal k nim objektívny zrozumite¾ný vý-
klad odôvodnený prejavom pána Haidera, ktorý bol sám o sebe provokatív-
ny. Ako taký sa stal èasou politickej diskusie vyprovokovanej prejavom pá-
na Haidera a predstavuje názor, ktorého pravdivos nepodlieha dôkazu. Ta-
kýto názor môe by neprimeraný, najmä ak chýba akýko¾vek faktický zá-
klad, ale vo svetle vetkých uvedených úvah v tomto prípade tomu tak ne-
bolo (pozri ako posledný relevantný rozsudok De Haes and Gijsels proti
Belgicku, rozhodnutie zo dòa 24. februára 1997, Reports of Judgments and
Decisions 1997-.., str. ..., § 47).
33. In the Courts view, the applicants article, and in particular the
word Trottel, may certainly be considered polemical, but they did not on
that account constitute a gratuitous personal attack as the author provi-
ded an objectively understandable explanation for them derived from Mr
Haiders speech, which was itself provocative. As such they were part of the
political discussion provoked by Mr Haiders speech and amount to an
opinion, whose truth is not susceptible of proof. Such an opinion may,
however, be excessive, in particular in the absence of any factual basis, but
in the light of the above considerations that was not so in this instance
(see, as the most recent authority, the De Haes and Gijsels v. Belgium
judgment of 24 February 1997, Reports of Judgments and Decisions
1997-.., p. ..., § 47).
34. Je pravdou, e nazva na verejnosti politika Trottel ho môe urazi.
V tomto prípade vak tento výraz nebol neprimeraný rozhorèeniu vedome
vyvolanému pánom Haiderom. Èo sa týka polemického tónu èlánku, ktorý
34. It is true that calling a politician a Trottel in public may offend him.
In the instant case, however, the word does not seem disproportionate to
the indignation knowingly aroused by Mr Haider. As to the polemical tone