saqme `naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg~

(NACHOVA AND OTHERS v. BULGARIA)

(ganacxadi # 43577/98 da 43579/98)

ganCineba

strasburgi

2005 wlis 6 ivlisi

gadawyvetileba sabolooa, Tumca SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros redaqciul cvlilebebs

1

saqmeze `naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg~

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom, Seikriba ra didi palatis saxiT

Semdeg mosamarTleTa SemadgenlobiT:

b-ni l. vildhaberi, prezidenti,

b-no s.l. roJakisi,

b-ni j.p. kosta,

ser nokolas bratca,

b-ni b.m. zupanCiCi,

b-ni s. birsani,

b-ni k. iungvierti,

b-ni j. kasadevoli,

b-ni hedigani,

q-ni s. botuCarova,

b-ni m. ugrexeliZe,

q-ni a. mularoni,

q-ni e. fura-sandstromi,

q-ni a. gilumiani,

q-ni l. mioviCi,

b-ni d. speilmani,

b-ni deivid tor biorginsoni,

agreTve registratoris moadgile, b-ni t.l. erli,

imsjela ra ganmartoebiT 2005 wlis 23 Tebervals da 2005 wlis 8 ivniss,

2005 wlis 8 ivniss gamoitana Semdegi ganaCeni:

procedura

1. saqme momdinareobs adamianis uflebaTa evropul komisiaSi (SemdgomSi `komisia~)

bulgareTis oTxi moqalaqis – q-ni anelina kunCova naCovas, q-ni aksinia xristovas,

q-ni todorka rangelovas da b-ni rangel petkov rangelovis (SemdgomSi

`ganmcxadeblebi~) mier adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis

konvenciis (SemdgomSi `konvencia~) adremoqmedi 25-e muxlis Sesabamisad 1998 wlis

15 maiss Setanili ori ganacxadidan (43577/98 da 43579/98) bulgareTis respublikis

winaaRmdeg.

2. ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom samxedro policiam esrola da mokla maTi

axlo naTesavebi b-n kunCo angelovi da b-ni kiril petkovi, riTac dairRva

konvenciis me-2 muxli. garda amisa, movlenis gamoZieba ar iyo efeqturi, riTac

dairRva konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebi. momCivanebi aseve amtkicebdnen, rom

mopasuxe saxelmwifom ver Seasrula konvenciis me-2 muxliT masze dakisrebuli

valdebuleba, kanoniT daecva sicocxle da rom gasaCivrebuli movlenebis

gamomwvevi mizezi iyo boSuri warmoSobis pirTa mimarT diskriminaciuli

damokidebuleba, rac arRvevda konvenciis me-14 muxls me-2 muxlTan erTad.

2

3. sasamarTloSi ganacxadebi wardgenili iqna 1998 wlis 1 noembers, rodesac

ZalaSi Sevida konvenciis me-11 oqmi (me-11 oqmis me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti), da gadaeca

Zvel meoTxe seqcias. 2001 wlis 22 marts ganacxadebi SeerTda (wesi 43, punqti 1).

4. sasamarTlos 2001 wlis 1 noembris gadawyvetilebiT (wesi 25, punqti 1) saqme

gadaeca axlad Seqmnil pirvel seqcias (wesi 52, punqti 1). 2002 wlis 28 Tebervals

amave seqciis palatam, romelSic Sediodnen b-ni s.l. roJaksi, prezidenti, b-ni g.

bonelo, q-ni n. vaJici, q-ni s. botuCarova, b-ni a. kovleri, b-ni v. zagrebelski, q-ni

e. Steineri, mosamarTleebi, da b-ni nielseni, seqciis registratoris moadgile,

ganacxadi nawilobriv daSvebulad gamoacxada.

5. 2004 wlis 26 Tebervals imave seqciis palatam, romelSic Sediodnen b-ni s.l.

roJakisi, prezidenti, b-ni p. lorenzeni, b-ni j. bonelo, q-ni f. tulkensi, q-ni n.

vaJici, q-ni s. botuCarova, b-ni v. zegrebelski, mosamarTleebi, da b-ni s. nielseni,

seqciis registratori, erTxmad gamoitana gadawyvetileba, rom dairRva konvenciis

me-2 da me-14 muxlebi da konvenciis me-13 muxlidan gancalkevebuli sakiTxi ar

gamomdinareobda.

6. 2004 wlis 21 maiss bulgareTis mTavrobam (SemdgomSi `mTavroba~) iTxova, rom

saqme gadascemoda did palatas konvenciis 43-e muxlisa da sasamarTlos wesebis

73-e wesis Sesabamisad. didi palatis kolegiam daakmayofila es Txovna 2004 wlis 7

ivliss.

7. didi palatis Semadgenloba ganisazRvra konvenciis 27-e muxlis me-2 da me-3

punqtebisa da sasamarTlos wesebis 24-e wesis Sesabamisad.

8. did palataSi ganmcxadeblebma, romlebic warmodgenilni iyvnen sofiis

advokatTa asociaciis wevris i. grozevis mier, da mTavrobam, romelsac

warmoadgenda Tanawarmomadgeneli q-ni m. dimova iusticiis saministrodan,

waradgines komentarebi Sesabamisad 2004 wlis 30 noembers da 2004 wlis 29

noembers. garda amisa, miRebuli iqna mesame mxaris komentarebi sami arasamTavrobo

organizaciisgan _ `boSaTa uflebebis evropuli centrisgan~, “Interights”-isa da `Ria

sazogadoeba _ marTlmsajulebis iniciativisagan~, romelTac prezidentma ufleba

misca, CarTuliyvnen werilobiT proceduraSi (konvenciis 36-e muxlis me-2 punqti

da 44-e wesis me-2 punqti).

9. mosmena iyo Ria da Catarda adamianis uflebebis SenobaSi, strasburgi, 2005

wlis 23 Tebevrals (59-e wesis me-3 punqti).

sasamarTlis winaSe gamocxaddnen:

(a) mTavrobis saxeliT:

q-ni dimova, iusticiis saministro,

q-ni m. koceva, iusticiis saminitro, Tanawarmomadgeneli.

(b) ganmcxadebelTa saxeliT:

b-ni i. grozevi,

lord lesteri, Q.C., advokati

sasamarTlom mousmina maT gamosvlebs.

3

faqtebi

I. saqmis garemoebebi

10. saqme Seexeba 1996 wlis 19 ivliss b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis mkvlelobas

samxedro policiis wevris mier, romelic cdilobda maT dapatimrebas.

11. yvela ganmcxadebeli aris boSuri warmoSobis bulgareTis moqalaqe.

12. q-ni anelia kunCova naCova, dabadebuli 1995 wels, aris b-ni angelovis

qaliSvili. q-ni aqsinia xristova, dabadebuli 1978 wels, aris q-ni naCovas deda.

orive cxovrobs dobrolevoSi (bulgareTi). q-ni todorka petrova rangelova da b-

ni rangel petkov rangelovi, dabadebulni 1955 da 1954 wels, cxovroben lomSi

(bulgareTi) da arian b-ni petkovis mSoblebi.

a. b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sikvdilTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebi

13. 1996 wels b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi, orive 21 wlis, iyvnen axalwveulebi

samSeneblo ZalebSi. es aris saerTo binebis mSeneblobiTa da sxva samoqalaqo

proeqtebiT dakavebuli jaris danayofi.

14. 1996 wlis dasawyisSi b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi daakaves, vinaidan maT

ganmeorebiT datoves danayofi Svebulebis gareSe. 1996 wlis 22 maiss b-n angelovs

miusajes 9 Tviani patimroba, xolo b-n petkovs _ 5 Tviani patimroba. orive manamde

msjavrdebuli iyo qurdobisaTvis.

15. 1996 wlis 15 ivliss isini gaiqcnen mSeneblobidan, sadac muSaobdnen da

romelic ganlagebuli iyo cixis gareT, da gaemgzavrnen b-ni angelovis bebiasTan

q-n tonkovasTan sofel lesuraSi. arc erTi maTgani SeiaraRebuli ar yofila.

16. maTi gaqcevis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxda meore dRes da maTi gvarebi Caweres

samxedro policiis mier Zebnil pirTa siaSi. 1996 wlis 16 ivliss vracis samxedro

policiis danayofma miiRo maTi dapatimrebis orderi.

17. 1996 wlis 19 ivliss daaxloebiT SuadRis 12 saaTze vracis samxedro policiis

danayofis morige oficerma miiRo anonimuri zari, romelmac amcno, rom b-ni

angelovi da b-ni petkovi imalebodnen sofel lesuraSi. Svebulebis gareSe

gaparvis erT-erTi SemTxvevis dros b-ni angelovi swored iq ipoves da

daapatimres.

18. xelmZRvanelma oficerma, polkovnikma d.-m, gadawyvita, gaegzavna samxedro

policiis 4 oficeri maior g.-s meTaurobiT ori piris dasakaveblad. sul cota

ori oficeri icnobda maTgan erTs an orives. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis

mdivnis gancxadebis Tanaxmad, maiori g. icnobda lesuras, vinaidan misi deda iyo

soflidan (mdivani mogvianebiT dakiTxes mowmed).

19. polkovnikma d.-m oficrebs uTxra, rom `wesebis Sesabamisad~ maT unda waeRoT

pistoletebi, avtomaturi iaraRi da javSanJileti. man acnoba oficrebs, rom b-ni

angelovi da b-ni petkovi iyvnen `kriminalurad aqtiurebi~ – gamoTqma, romelic

4

aRniSnavs ukve nasamarTlev an samarTaldarRvevaSi eWvmitanil pirebs – da rom

isini gaiqcnen dakavebis adgilidan. man oficrebs misca miTiTeba, gamoeyenebinaT

situaciiT nakarnaxebi nebismieri saSualeba maT dasapatimreblad.

20. oficrebi dauyovnebliv gaemgzavrnen lesuraSi jipiT. or oficers ecva forma,

xolo ori samoqalaqo tansacmelSi iyo. tyviagaumtari Jileti mxolod maior g.-s

ecva. igi SeiaraRebuli iyo piradi pistoletiT da 7,62 milimetriani kalibris

avtomaturi `kalaSnikoviT~. sxva oficrebs Tan hqondaT pistoletebi. sami

`kalaSnikovi~ manqanis iatakze iyo mTeli operaciis ganmavlobaSi.

21. maiorma g.-m oficrebs misca zepiri gankargulebebi gzad lesurisaken. serJant

k.-s unda gadaeketa saxlis aRmosavleTi mxare, maior g.-s – dasavleTi mxare, xolo

serJanti k. unda Sesuliyo saxlSi. serJanti s., mZRoli, unda darCeniliyo

manqanaSi da eTvalTvala CrdiloeTi mxarisaTvis.

22. daaxloebiT SuadRis 1 saaTze oficrebi Cavidnen lesuraSi. maT sTxoves

qalaqis meriis mdivans da erT-erT soflels b-n t.m.-s, gahyolodnen da eCvenebinaT

b-ni angelovis bebiis saxli. manqana Sevida lesuris boSur nawilSi.

23. serJantma n.-m icno saxli, vinaidan b-ni angelovi man daapatimra, rodesac igi

Svebulebis gareSe pirvelad gaiqca.

24. rogorc ki jipi miuaxlovda saxls, daaxloebiT dRis pirveli saaTidan oris

naxevramde, serJantma k.-m icno b-ni angelovi, romelic iyo saxlSi da idga

fanjris ukan. SeniSnes ra manqana, devnilebma gaqceva scades. policiis oficrebma

gaiges fanjris minis gatexvis xma. maiori g. da serJantebi k. da n. gadmoxtnen jer

kidev moZravi manqanidan. maiori g. da serJanti k. Sevidnen baRis WiSkridan;

pirveli gaeSura saxlis dasavleTi nawilisaken, xolo meore saxlSi Sevida.

serJanti n. gaemarTa saxlis aRmosavleTi nawilisaken. serJanti s. darCa manqanaSi

mdivanTan, romelic muSaobda qalaqis meriaSi, da b-n t.m.-sTan erTad.

25. serJantma n.-m CvenebaSi Tqva, rom rodesac dainaxa, Tu rogor gadmoxtnen

fanjridan b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi da gaiqcnen mezoblis ezosaken, man

daiyvira: `SeCerdiT, samxedro policia!~ da amoiRo iaraRi, Tumca ar usvria. ori

mamakaci kvlav garboda. serJanti n. gavarda quCaSi da cdilobda maT daWeras

ramdenime saxlisaTvis gverdis SemovliT. rodesac garboda, man gaigona maiori g.-

s yvirili: `SeCerdiT, samxedro policia, SeCerdiT, Torem visvri!~ amis Semdeg

daiwyo srola.

26. maiorma misca Semdegi Cveneba:

`...me gavigone, rogor yviroda serJanti n.: `SeCerdiT, policia~... davinaxe rigiTebi;

isini morbodnen da gaCerdnen q-ni tonkovasa da misi mezoblis ezoebs Soris

RobesTan... davinaxe, rom isini cdilobdnen, gadamxtariyvnen Robeze da davuyvire:

`SeCerdiT, Torem visvri~. me gadavwie damcveli Rilaki da gadavtene avtomaturi

iaraRi. Semdeg haerSi gavisrole da avtomaturi iaraRi meWira zemoT mimarTuli

marjvena xelSi, TiTqmis marTi kuTxiT miwasTan ... rigiTebi gadaZvrnen Robeze da

ganagrZes sirbili, me mivyevi, Semdeg visrole haerSi erTxel, orjer an samjer da

daviyvire: `SeCerdiT!~ maT ganagrZes sirbili. me kvlav visrole haerSi da

daviyvire: `SeCerdiT, Torem gesvriT.~ me isini kvlav gavafrTxile, magram

5

ukanmouxedavad garbodnen. [ori kacidan] marjvenas gafrTxilebis Semdeg vesrole

avtomatidan; miwas vumiznebdi im imediT, rom es maT gaaCerebda. me kvlav viyvire:

`SeCerdiT!~, rodesac isini miuaxlovdnen meore saxlis kuTxes, me maT vesrole,

vinaidan Tvals efarebodnen. me maT fexebSi davumizne. sadac videqi, SedarebiT

dabal doneze iyo... meore Robezec rom gadamxtariyvnen, maTi SeCerebis sxva

saSualeba aRar meqneboda. kuTxe cota daxrili iyo, vinaidan SedarebiT dabla

videqi... meore Robe yvelaze maRla iyo; swored amitom davumizne kuTxisken [or

kacs], vinaidan CavTvale, rom mezobeli saxlebidan aravin daSavdeboda, xolo

meored vesrole rigiTebs, Tumca davumizne fexebSi. 45-e wesis Sesabamisad, Cven

SegviZlia iaraRis gamoyeneba samxedro Zalebis im wevrebis dapatimrebisas,

romelTac Caidines samarTaldarRveva da romlebic ar Cabardebian gafrTxilebis

Semdeg; Tumca [amave wesis] me-3 punqtis Sesabamisad, Cven unda davicvaT am pirebis

sicocxle

-

swored amitom vesrole fexebSi

–

da aviciloT fataluri

dazianebebi. rodesac bolojer vesrole rigiTebs fexebSi, maTgan 20 metrSi viyavi,

isini ki iyvnen mezobeli ezos samxreT-aRmosavleT kuTxeSi. srolis Semdeg orive

daeca... orive mucelze iwva da cocxali iyo, ... kvnesodnen... Semdeg serJanti s.

gamoCnda, me mas davuZaxe ... da gadaveci Cemi iaraRi...~

27. sami daqvemdebarebuli oficris Cvenebis Tanaxmad, b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi

iwvnen miwaze Robis win, fexebi im saxlisaken hqondaT miqceuli, saidanac

gamovidnen, erTi zurgze iwva, meore ki – mucelze.

28. mezobelma, b-nma z.-m, romelic cxovrobda b-ni angelovis bebiis pirdapir, aseve

misca Cveneba. daaxloebiT 13.00 sT-ze an 13 saaTsa da 30 wuTze man dainaxa, rom q-ni

tonkovas saxlis win samxedro jipi gaCerda. Semdeg gaigona, rogor yviroda viRac:

`ar gaiqce, tyviebs gamoviyeneb.~ Semdeg gaigona gasrolis xma, gadaixeda mezobel

ezoSi da dainaxa, rom b-ni angelovi, romelsac icnobda, da kidev erTi mamakaci

gadaxtnen q-n tonkovasa da sxva mezoblis ezoebs Soris Robeze. man ver dainaxa

kaci, romelic isroda, vinaidan igi efareboda q-ni tonkovas saxls. Semdeg

dainaxa, rom b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi daecnen miwaze da kaci, romelic

isroda, gamoCnda avtomaturi iaraRiT xelSi. b-ni z.-s TqmiT,

`uniformaSi gamowyobilma meore mamakacma dauwyo Cxubi [im kacs, romelmac

isrola, rom ar unda esrola da saerTod ar unda wamosuliyo maTTan erTad.

jipiT mosulTagan mxolod yvelaze maRali Cinis mqone oficerma isrola... me mas

danaxviT vicnob, naTesavebi hyavs lesuraSi.~

29. serJantma s.-m ganacxada, rom saxlTan misvlis Semdeg manqanasTan darCa da

gaigona, rogor yviroda serJanti n. saxlis samxreT nawilTan: `SeCerdiT,

policia!~ man aseve gaigona, rogor yviroda maiori g.: `SeCerdiT, policia!~ saxlis

dasavleT nawilTan. Semdeg maiorma g.-m daiwyo srola avtomatidan da ganagrZobda

yvirils. Semdeg serJanti s. Sevida ezoSi. man dainaxa, rom maiori g. gadaxrili

iyo Robeze da yviroda. igi miuaxlovda [maiors], gamoarTva avtomati da dainaxa b-

ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi, romlebic iwvnen miwaze Robis axlos. isini jer

cocxlebi iyvnen. am dros serJanti k. gamovida saxlidan. maiori g. wavida

manqanisaken da radioTi moaxsena momxdari incidentis Sesaxeb. rodesac isini

dabrundnen, serJanti n. gamoCnda mezobeli quCidan da daexmara maT daWrilebis

manqanaSi CasmaSi.

6

30. vracis samxedro policiis danayofis xelmZRvanels da sxva oficrebs

momxdaris Sesaxeb daaxloebiT 1.30 sT-ze Seatyobines.

31. serJantma k.-m Cvenebis micemisas ganacxada, rom igi Sevida saxlSi da

esaubreboda b-ni angelovis bebias da sxva qals, rodesac gaigona, rogor

uyviroda maiori g. b-n angelovsa da b-n petkovs, rom SeCerebuliyvnen. saxlSi man

SeamCnia, rom im fanjris mina, romelic gadahyurebda ezos, gatexili iyo. is ukve

saxlidan gamosvlas apirebda, rodesac gaigona gasrolis xma saxlis ukana

mxridan. ezosaken mimavali Sexvda maior g.-s, romelmac uTxra, rom devnilebi

daiWrnen. serJanti gadaZvra Robeze da miuaxlovda daWrilebs, romlebic jer

cocxlebi iyvnen da kvnesodnen. mas axsovs, rom eWira avtomati, Tumca ar axsovs,

saidan hqonda. man gaxsna mWide da naxa, rom SigniT ar iyo tyviebi. mxolod erTi

tyvia iyo CarCenili lulaSi.

32. gasrolis Semdeg umal mogrovda xalxi samezoblodan. serJantma s.-m da

serJantma k.-m waiyvanes daWrilebi vracis saavadmyofoSi, xolo maiori g. da

serJanti n. adgilze darCnen.

33. b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi vracisken mimaval gzaze gardaicvalnen.

saavadmyofoSi misvlisTanave isini gardacvlilebad gamoacxades.

34. b-ni angelovis bebiam, q-nma tonkovam,movlenebi Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT aRwera:

misi SviliSvili da b-ni petkovi saxlSi iyvnen, rodesac dainaxes jipis

moaxloveba. TviTon gareT gavida da dainaxa uniformiani oTxi mamakaci. yvela

maTgani ezoSi Sevida. erT-erTma saxls Semouara da isroda Zalian didi xnis

ganmavlobaSi. danarCeni sami mamakacic SeiaraRebuli iyo, Tumca arc erT maTgans

ar usvria. igi ezoSi iyo da evedreboda kacs, romelic isroda, Seewyvita srola.

kaci saxlis ukana nawilisaken wavida. Semdeg q-nma tonkovam gaigona gasrolis xma

ukana ezoSi, iqiT wavida da dainaxa daWrili SviliSvili da b-ni petkovi,

romlebic mezoblis ezoSi iwvnen.

35. sxva mezoblis, b-ni m.m.-is Cvenebis Tanaxmad, samive policieli isroda. orma

maTganma haerSi isrola, xolo mesame oficerma, romelic saxlis dasavleTiT

imyofeboda (maiori g.), viRacas daumizna. b-n m.m.-m gaigona daaxloebiT 15 an 20

gasrola, SesaZloa metic. Semdeg dainaxa, rom samxedro policielebi wavidnen

mezobel ezoSi, sadac b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi daecnen. is ezo ekuTvnoda b-n

m.m.-s da mis qaliSvils. dainaxa ra Tavisi SviliSvili, axalgazrda biWi, b-nma m.m.-m

sTxova maior g.-s nebarTva, miaxloebuliyo da waeyvana [SviliSvili]. maiorma

iaraRi miuSvira da uxeSad Seuracxyofa miayena: `Se dawyevlilo boSa!~

B. sikvdilis garemoebaTa gamoZieba

36. 1996 wlis 19 ivlisis SemTxvevaSi monawile yvela oficerma waradgina

damoukidebeli angariSi vracis samxedro policiis danayofSi. arc erTi

maTganisTvis ar CautarebiaT testi alkoholze.

37. imave dRes daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi gamoZieba sicocxlis mospobis faqtze

da 16-16.30 sT-s Soris sisxlis samarTlis gamomZiebelma daaTvaliera SemTxvevis

adgili. angariSSi man aRwera SemTxvevis adgili, maT Soris q-ni tonkovas saxlis,

7

pirveli Robis, masrebisa da sisxlis kvalis mdebareoba. man aRniSna, rom pirveli

Robis struqtura dazianebuli iyo, xolo Robe gaxeuli iyo erT adgilas.

38. gamomZiebelma angariSs Tan daurTo sqematuri ruka, romelzec asaxuli iyo q-ni

tonkovas ezo da mezobeli ezos, sadac daecnen b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi.

sqematuri ruka da angariSi asaxavda ezos mxolod nawils. kuTxe da garemo, aseve

garemomcveli teritoria ar iyo aRwerili.

39. amoiRes 9 carieli masra. erTi masra iyo quCaSi, q-ni tonkovas saxlis win

(gaCerebuli jipis axlos). oTxi masra ipoves q-ni tonkovas ezoSi, saxlis ukan, im

Robis axlos, romelic yofs mis ezos mezoblis ezosagan. sami masra ipoves

mezoblis (b-ni m.m.-is) ezoSi im adgilTan axlos, sadac sisxlis kvali aRmoaCines.

mecxre masra mogvianebiT ipova da gadasca samxedro policies b-ni angelovis

biZam. ar arsebobs Canaweri imis Taobaze, Tu sad iqna es tyvia napovni.

40. sisxlis kvali erT metrze iyo. sqematur rukaze kvali datanili iyo pirveli

Robidan 9 metris moSorebiT. manZili sisxlis kvalsa da meore Robes Soris,

romlis ukanac cdilobdnen mimalvas b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi, ar iyo

miTiTebuli. gamomZiebelma aiRo sisxlis kvalis nimuSebi.

41. 1996 wlis 21 ivniss paTologma Caatara gakveTa.

gakveTis #139/96 oqmis Sesabamisad, b-ni petkovis sikvdilis mizezi iyo `mkerdSi

Wriloba~, romlis mimarTulebac iyo uknidan win. Wriloba Semdegnairad iyo

aRwerili:

`mkerdSi Wriloba iyo ovaluri, 2,5sm x 1sm, terfidan 144 sm-iT dacilebuli,

ganadgurebulia qsovilebi da marcxena mxris areSi araTanabari napirebi hqonda.

zurgSi aris samsantimetriani Wriloba infraskapuluri xazis marcxniv terfidan

123 sm-is daSorebiT; Wrilobis napirebi araTanabari iyo, dafleTili napirebi

zemoT iyo amoweuli da qsovilebi ganadgurebuli iyo~.

42. rac Seexeba b-n angelovs, angariSis Tanaxmad, misi sikvdilis mizezi iyo

`iaraRidan miyenebuli Wriloba, romelmac daaziana mTavari sisxlZarRvi~;

nasrolis mimarTuleba iyo `uknidan win~. angariSSi aseve ewera:

`marcxena

dundulze

aRiniSneba

mrgvali

Wriloba

terfidan

90

sm-ze...

ganadgurebulia qsovilebi, kedlebi da napirebi araTanabaria, diametri

–

daaxloebiT 0,8 sm... sxeulze hqonda 2,1 sm-iani Wriloba dazianebuli da

amobrunebuli napirebiT, qsovili aRar iyo; Wriloba hqonda [muclis] qveda da

Sua mesamedSi, terfidan 95 sm-ze, Wipidan odnav marcxniv.~

43. angariSis Tanaxmad, dazianebebi miyenebuli iyo avtomaturi iaraRidan Soridan

srolis Sedegad.

44. 1996 wlis 22, 23 da 24 ivliss gamomZiebelma dakiTxa policiis oTxi oficeri,

ori mezobeli (m.m. da k.), mdivani, romelic muSaobda qalaqis municipalitetSi, da

b-ni angelovis biZa. mogvianebiT aseve dakiTxes b-ni petkovis deda.

8

45. 1996 wlis 1 agvistos maior g.-s avtomats, mis lulaSi napovn tyvias da

SemTxvevis adgilze aRmoCenil 9 masras Cautarda eqspertiza vracis Sinagan

saqmeTa regionuli direqtoratis balistikuri eqspertebis mier. angariSis

Tanaxmad, avtomaturi iaraRi xmarebisaTvis gamosadegi iyo da cxrave amoRebuli

masra am iaraRidan iyo gasrolili; tyvia, romelic lulidan amoiRes, aseve

gamosadegi iyo xmarebisaTvis.

46. 1996 wlis 29 agvistos sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvnis Tanaxmad, b-

ni petkovis sisxlSi aRmoaCines 0,55 gr/l, xolo b-ni angelovis sisxlSi _ 0,75

gr/l alkoholi (bulgareTis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, administraciuli

samarTaldarRvevaa manqanis marTva, Tu sisxlSi alkoholis Semcveloba 0,5 gr/l-

ze metia).

47. 1996 wlis 20 seqtembers Sinagan saqmeTa vracis regionuli direqtoratis

eqspertma

sasamarTlo-samedicino

eqspertiza

Cautara

SemTxvevis

adgilze

aRmoCenil sisxlis kvals da daadgina, rom is Seesabameboda msxverplTa sisxlis

jgufebs.

48. 1997 wlis 20 ianvarsa da 13 Tebervals daikiTxnen sxva mezobeli (b-ni t.m.) da

q-ni xristova (momCivanTagan erT-erTi). 1997 wlis 26 marts dakiTxes b-ni angelovis

bebia da mezobeli z.

49. 1997 wlis 7 ianvars b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis ojaxebi dauSves

sagamoZiebo masalebTan. maT iTxoves, rom daekiTxaT kidev sami mowme: t.m., q-ni

tonkova da z.h. gamomZiebelma mowmeebi dakiTxa 1997 wlis 20 ianvarsa da 26 marts.

momCivanebs ar uTxoviaT damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis mopoveba.

50. 1997 wlis 31 marts gamomZiebelma daasrula winaswari gamoZieba da Seadgina

saboloo angariSi. man aRniSna, rom b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi gaiqcnen

dakavebis

adgilidan,

sadac

ixdidnen

sasjels,

da,

amrigad,

Caidines

samarTaldarRveva. maiorma g.-m SesaZleblobis farglebSi gaakeTa yvelaferi maTi

sicocxlis gadasarCenad. maiorma ubrZana maT, gaCerebuliyvnen, Cabarebodnen da

gamafrTxilebeli gasrolac gaakeTa. maiorma maT mxolod mas Semdeg daumizna,

rac dainaxa, rom kvlav garbodnen da SeiZleboda gaqceuliyvnen. mas ar surda

sicocxlisTvis saSiSi Wrilobebis miyeneba. gamomZiebelma daaskvna, rom maiori g.

iqceoda samxedro policiis reglamentis 45-e wesis Sesabamisad da misca

rekomendacia plevenis regionul prokuraturas, rom gamoZieba damTavrebuliyo,

vinaidan maior g.-s ar Caudenia samarTaldarRveva.

51. 1997 wlis 8 aprils plevenis samxedro prokurorma gaiziara gamomZieblis

rekomendacia da daasrula winaswari gamoZieba sicocxlis mospobis faqtze. man

daaskvna, rom maiori g. moqmedebda samxedro policiis reglamentis 45-e wesis

Sesabamisad. maiorma ramdenjerme gaafrTxila ori mamakaci da gaakeTa

gamafrTxilebeli gasrola haerSi. maiorma maT mxolod imitom esrola, rom isini

ar Cabardnen da arsebobda maTi gaqcevis albaToba. maiori Seecada, Tavidan

aecilebina fataluri zianis miyeneba. sxva aravin dazaralebula.

52. rodesac aRwerda msxverplTa pirad garemoebebs, maTi ojaxebis Sesaxeb

detalebis CaTvliT, gamomZiebelma miuTiTa, rom orive mamakaci warmoSobiT

9

`erovnuli umciresobis ojaxidan~ iyo; es termini gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad boSuri

umciresobis aRsaniSnavad.

53. 1997 wlis 11 ivnisis brZanebiT SeiaraRebuli Zalebis prokurorma uari uTxra

momCivanebs gasaCivrebaze im motiviT, rom b-nma angelovma da b-nma petkovma

gamoiwvies srola, radgan gaqcevas cdilobdnen da rom maiorma g.-m gadadga aseT

situaciaSi kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli nabijebi. amitom iaraRis gamoyeneba

kanonieri iyo samxedro policiis reglamentis 45-e wesis Sesabamisad.

54. 1997 wlis 19 noembers SeiaraRebuli Zalebis prokuraturis gamoZiebis

gadasinjvis departamentis prokurorma kvlav ar daakmayofila Semdegi gasaCivreba

imave safuZvlebiT, rasac sxva prokurorebi daeyrdnen.

II. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis angariSebi boSaTa savaraudo diskriminaciis

Sesaxeb

55. ukanaskneli wlebis angariSebSi rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaaRmdego

evropulma komisiam (SemdgomSi `rasizmis sawinaaRmdego komisia~) gamoxata

SeSfoTeba policiis rasizmiT motivirebuli Zaladobis gamo, gansakuTrebiT

boSebis winaaRmdeg zogierT evropul saxelmwifoSi, maT Soris bulgareTSi,

CexeTis respublikaSi, safrangeTSi, saberZneTSi, ungreTSi, poloneTSi, rumineTsa

da slovakeTSi.

56. evrokavSirsa da mis wevr saxelmwifoebSi ZiriTadi uflebebis mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb 2002 wlis angariSSi, romelic moamzada evrokavSiris damoukidebel

eqspertTa qselma evrokomisiis TxovniT, naTqvami iyo, rom evrokavSiris zogierT

saxelmwifoSi, magaliTad, avstriaSi, safrangeTSi, saberZneTSi, irlandiaSi,

italiasa da portugaliaSi, dadasturda policiis Zaladoba boSebisa da msgavsi

jgufebis mimarT, maT Soris fizikuri Zaladoba da gadametebuli Zalis

gamoyeneba.

57. bulgareTis Sesaxeb 2000 wlis martis meore angariSSi rasizmis sawinaaRmdego

komisiam ganacxada, inter alia:

`gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas iwvevs policiis mxridan boSaTa diskriminacia da maT

mimarT cudad mopyroba... adamianis uflebebis proeqtis dokumentebSi 1998 wlis

angariSSi dafiqsirebulia boSaTa mimarT policiis uamravi arasaTanado mopyroba.

angariSis Tanaxmad, arasaTanado mopyrobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formebia:

gadametebuli Zalis gamoyeneba dakavebisas mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis mizniT;

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gaumarTlebeli gamoyeneba... muqara im pirTa piradi

usafrTxoebis mimarT, romelTac saCivari Seitanes kompetentur organoSi

policiis winaaRmdeg... adamianis uflebebis proeqtSi aRniSnulia, ... rom

arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier Setanili saCivrebi boSa msxverplTa mimarT

policiis Zaladobis Sesaxeb xelisuflebas ar gamouZiebia ... msxverpli, rogorc

wesi, ar aris mondomebuli, Seitanos saCivari, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac is

sasamarTlo ganaCenis molodinSia ... xelisuflebac [aSkarad] ar aris maincdamainc

mowadinebuli, aRiaros, rom arsebobs problemebi policiis arasaTanado qmedebis

TvalsazrisiT ...

10

rasizmis sawinaaRmdego komisia [kidev erTxel imeorebs Tavis rekomendacias], rom

unda Seiqmnas damoukidebeli organo, romelic imoqmedebs centralur da

adgilobriv doneebze da gamoiZiebs policiis, sagamoZiebo da penitenciur

praqtikas, raTa gamoaaSkaraos rasobrivi diskriminaciis aSkara da SeniRbuli

SemTxvevebi da uzrunvelyos nebismieri saxis diskriminaciis mkacrad dasja...

rasizmis sawinaaRmdego komisia SeSfoTebulia bulgareTSi boSaTa sazogadoebis

mimarT diskriminaciis farTod gavrcelebiT ... arsebobs cnobebi, rom adgilobrivi

xelisufleba zogjer CarTulia boSebis winaaRmdeg samarTalwarmoebis ukanonod

ganxorcielebaSi, rac xSirad adgilobrivi policiis qmedebebze mdumare

TanxmobiT gamoixateba.~

58. 2004 wlis ianvarSi momzadebul angariSSi bulgareTis Sesaxeb rasizmis

sawinaaRmdego komisiam ganacxada, inter alia:

`[rasizmis sawinaaRmdego komisiis meore angariSis Semdeg] sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsSi ar Sesula cvlilebebi, [romelTa meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda

rasistuli motivi yovelTvis yofiliyo mxedvelobaSi miRebuli] ... rasizmis

sawinaaRmdego komisia rekomendacias iZleva, rom bulgareTis xelisuflebam

sisxlis

samarTlis

kodeqsSi

daamatos

debuleba,

romelic

naTlad

gaiTvaliswinebs, rom rasistuli motivacia nebismieri samarTaldarRvevisTvis

damamZimebeli garemoebaa ...

rasizmis sawinaaRmdego komisia SeSfoTebulia policiis mier cecxlsasroli

iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebiT, romelTagan zogierTma gamoiwvia boSaTa

sikvdili ... rasizmis sawinaaRmdego komisia daJinebiT uwevs rekomendacias

bulgareTis

xelisuflebas,

gadadgas

saTanado

nabijebi

samarTaldamcavi

organoebis mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis mxolod im SemTxvevebamde

SezRudvis mizniT, rodesac misi gamoyeneba namdvilad aucilebelia. gansakuTrebiT

igi mouwodebs bulgareTis xelisuflebas, rom am mizniT cvlilebebi Seitanos

kanonSi da uzrunvelyos am sferoSi moqmedi saerTaSoriso standartebis

praqtikuli ganxorcieleba.

rasizmis sawinaaRmdego komisia gansakuTrebiT SeSfoTebulia imiT, rom boSuri

warmoSobis im adamianTa raodenoba, romelTa mimarTac policiis dawesebulebebSi

fizikuri Zala gamoiyenes, samjer aRemateba bulgaruli warmoSobis pirTa

raodenobas ... jerjerobiT bulgareTis xelisuflebas ar Seuqmnia damoukidebeli

organo policiis TanamSromlebis mxridan diskriminaciis an cudad mopyrobis

gamoZiebis mizniT...

rasizmis sawinaaRmdego komisia siamovnebiT aRniSnavs, rom 2000 wlis agvistoSi

policiis erovnul departamentSi adamianis uflebaTa specialuri komiteti

Seiqmna ... araerTi sqema amoqmedda adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebSi policiis

TanamSromelTa momzadebis mizniT ...

CarCo-programa bulgarul sazogadoebaSi boSaTa Tanaswori integrirebisTvis

miCneulia, maT Soris boSaTa mierac, kargad organizebul da namdvilad

yovlismomcvel organizaciad ... Tumca boSaTa da arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa

Soris arsebobs erTsulovani mosazreba, rom, angariSSi aRniSnuli ramdenime

iniciativis garda, programa furclad darCa ... zogierTi Tvlis, rom mTavrobas

11

aklia politikuri gambedaoba, ganaxorcielos aseTi programa ... rasizmis

sawinaaRmdego komisia friad SeSfoTebulia imis gagebiT, rom CarCo-programis

miRebidan 4 wlis Semdeg misi Sesruleba kvlav dawyebiT stadiazea...~

59. arasamTavrobo organizaciebma, rogoricaa `adamianis uflebaTa proeqti~ da

`amnesTi inTerneSnel~, angariSi waradgines boSaTa winaaRmdeg rasobrivi

diskriminaciis uamravi savaraudo SemTxvevis Sesaxeb bulgareTSi, maT Soris

samarTaldamcavTa mier.

III. Sesabamisi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdebloba da praqtika

A. samxedro policiis gamouqveynebeli reglamenti, romelic gamosca Tavdacvis

saministrom 1994 wlis 21 dekembers

60. reglamentis 45-e muxli (wesi 45), romelic ZalaSi iyo gansaxilvel dros,

iTvaliswinebs:

`(1) samxedro policiis oficrebs SeuZliaT Zalis gamoyeneba ... Semdeg

garemoebebSi ...

2.

jarSi

myofi

adamianis

dapatimrebisas,

romelmac

Caidina

an

Cadis

sajarosamarTlebrivi devnis samarTaldarRvevas da romelic ar Cabardeba

gafrTxilebis Semdeg ...

(2) Zalis gamoyenebas win unda uZRodes sityvieri gafrTxileba da gasrola

haerSi...

(3) rodesac movaleobis Sesrulebisas samxedro policieli iyenebs cecxlsasrol

iaraRs, SesaZleblobis farglebSi igi unda Seecados im piris sicocxlis dacvas,

romlis winaaRmdegac gamoiyeneba Zala, da daexmaros daWrils...

(5) rodesac gamoiyeneba cecxlsasroli iaraRi, unda momzaddes angariSi,

romelSic aRwerili iqneba iaraRis gamoyenebis gamomwvevi garemoebebi; [angariSi]

unda waredginos im oficris zemdgoms, vinc iaraRi gamoiyena.~

61. 2000 wlis dekemberSi 45-e wesi Seicvala 2000 wlis 6 dekembris #7 dekretiT

samxedro policiis mier Zalisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb

(gamoqveynda saxelmwifo gazeTSi #102/2000, cvlileba Sevida 2001 wels). dekretis

21-e muxlis Sesabamisad, cecxlsasroli iaraRi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes, inter

alia, nebismieri iseTi piris dapatimrebisas, romelmac Caidina sajarosamarTlebrivi

devnis samarTaldarRveva. am kategoriaSi xvdeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT

gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa umravlesoba, maT Soris, wvrilmani qurdoba.

dekretis me-2, me-4(1) da 21-e muxlebis Sesabamisad, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes

miRebuli

winaaRmdegac

samarTaldamrRvevis xasiaTi.

im

piris

gamoiyeneba

mier

Cadenili

Zala da

samarTaldarRvevis

cecxlsasroli iaraRi,

xasiaTi,

da

romlis

Tavad

B. sxva Sesabamisi samarTali da praqtika dakavebisas Zalis gamoyenebasTan

dakavSirebiT

12

62. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12 muxli aregulirebs Tavdacvis SemTxvevaSi

Zalis gamoyenebis xarisxs. am muxlis Tanaxmad qmedeba, romelic mimarTulia

Tavdacvis an sxva adamianis dacvisaken, proporciulad unda Seesabamebodes

Tavdasxmis xasiaTsa da intensivobas da gonivruli unda iyos mocemul

situaciaSi. es debuleba ar aregulirebs SemTxvevebs, rodesac Zalas iyenebs

policiis oficeri an sxva piri dapatimrebis gansaxorcieleblad im SemTxvevebSi,

rodesac dapatimrebis mwarmoebel oficerze an mesame pirze ar momxdara

Tavdasxma. 1997 wlamde ar arsebobda sxva debuleba, romelic daaregulirebda am

sakiTxs. sasamarTloebi zogierT SemTxvevaSi iyenebdnen me-12 muxls dapatimrebisas

gamoyenebul ZalasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas.

63. am xarvezis gamosworebis mizniT 1973 wels #12 ganmartebiT direqtivaSi

uzenaesma sasamarTlom ganacxada yovelgvari Semdgomi axsnis gareSe, rom zianis

miyeneba dapatimrebis mizniT ar SeiZleba idevnebodes, Tu gamoyenebuli ar iqna

imaze meti Zala, vidre saWiro iyo (12-1973-PPVS).

64. 1995 wlis 17 martis #15 gadawyvetilebaSi uzenaesma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom

dapatimrebis ganxorcielebisas gamoyenebuli Zalis sakiTxs ar aregulirebda

kanonmdebloba, rac problemebs warmoSobda sasamarTloebisaTvis, da miiCnia, rom

am sakiTxis ganxilvisas unda gamoiyenon samarTlebrivi komentatorebis mier

dadgenili principebi. zianis miyeneba SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos

mxolod maSin, rodesac arsebobda dasabuTebuli eWvi, rom dasapatimrebeli piri

Caidenda danaSauls da ar arsebobda dapatimrebis sxva saSualeba. uzenaesma

sasamarTlom aseve ganacxada:

`... [damnaSavisaTvis zianis miyeneba dapatimrebisas] aris ukanaskneli saSualeba. Tu

damnaSave ar cdilobs gaqcevas an ... cdilobs gaqcevas ukve cnobil dasamal

adgilas, zianis miyeneba ar iqneba gamarTlebuli....

miyenebuli ziani unda iyos danaSaulis proporciuli. Tu damnaSavem Caidina

danaSauli, romelic umniSvnelo safrTxes uqmnis sazogadoebas, mis sicocxles ar

SeiZleba daemuqros safrTxe. sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis safrTxis

Seqmna SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos, Tu piri mimalvaSia seriozuli

danaSaulis (rogoricaa mkvleloba, gaupatiureba, yaCaRoba) Cadenis Semdeg.

dapatimrebisas gamoyenebuli saSualebebi (da miyenebuli ziani) unda iyos

gamarTlebuli arsebul garemoebebSi. es aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani piroba

kanonierebisaTvis...

rodesac miyenebuli ziani aRemateba aucilebels..., anu igi ar Seesabameba

danaSaulis simZimes da dapatimrebis garemoebebs, ... zianis mimyenebel pirs

ekisreba pasuxismgebloba...~

65. 1997 wels parlamentma gamoaswora arsebuli xarvezi da sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqss daamata axali muxli 12a. muxli iTvaliswinebs, rom danaSaulisaTvis

piris dapatimrebisas misTvis zianis miyeneba ar iqneba dasjadi, Tu dapatimrebis

sxva saSualeba ar arsebobda da gamoyenebuli Zala aucilebeli da kanonieri iyo.

gamoyenebuli Zala ar CaiTvleba `aucileblad~, rodesac igi aSkarad Seusabamoa

Cadenili

danaSaulis

simZimesTan

an

TavisTavad

gadaWarbebuli

da

13

araaucilebelia. mxolod ramdenime sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi ganimarta

muxli 12a.

C. sisxlis samarTlos saproceso kodeqsi

66. 192-e muxlis Sesabamisad, sajarosamarTlebrivi devnis saqmeebi SeiZleba

daiwyos mxolod prokurorma an gamomZiebelma saCivris safuZvelze an ex officio. 2000

wlis 1 ianvris redaqciiT 237-e muxlis me-6 punqtis Sesabamisad, msxverpls aqvs

ufleba, gaasaCivros zemdgom prokurorTan gadawyvetileba, rom ar gagrZeldes

sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba. msxverpls ara aqvs sxva saSualeba gamoZiebaze uaris

Tqmis gasaCivrebisaTvis.

67. rodesac samxedro sasamarTlos aqvs saqmis mosmenis iurisdiqcia, magaliTad,

saqme exeba samxedro policiis oficers, gamoZiebas awarmoebs samxedro

gamomZiebeli an prokurori, romelTa gadawyvetilebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes

mTavar prokurorTan.

68. 63-e muxli iTvaliswinebs danaSaulis msxverplTa uflebas, SeuerTdnen saqmis

warmoebas da amasTan dakavSirebiT moiTxovon zianis anazRaureba, Seiswavlon

saqmis masalebi da gadaiRon saTanado dokumentebis aslebi. maT agerTve aqvT

ufleba, waradginon mtkicebulebebi, gaakeTon gancxadebebi da gaasaCivron

gamoZiebis an prokuraturis gadawyvetilebebi.

D. diskriminaciisagan dacvis aqti

69. diskriminaciisagan dacvis aqti miRebuli iqna 2003 wlis seqtemberSi da ZalaSi

Sevida 2004 wlis 1 ianvars. es aris sakanonmdeblo aqti, romelic qmnis ukanono

diskriminaciisagan

dacvis

meqanizms.

igi

gamoiyeneba

ZiriTadad

SromiT

urTierTobebSi, saxelmwifo administraciasa da momsaxurebis sferoSi.

70. aqtis me-9 punqti iTvaliswinebs diskriminaciis SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis tvirTis

Secvlas. am punqtis Sesabamisad, Tu momCivani daamtkicebs iseTi faqtebis

arsebobas, romlebidanac SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes diskriminacia, mopasuxes

akisria valdebuleba, amtkicos, rom ar darRveula ufleba Tanabar mopyrobaze.

aqti agreTve iTvaliswinebs diskriminaciisagan dacvis komisiis Seqmnas, romelsac

eqneba kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvis iurisdiqcia.

IV. Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso da SedarebiTi samarTali

A. gaero-s principebi Zalis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT

71. gaero-s ZiriTadi principebi samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier Zalisa da

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb miRebuli iqna 1990 wlis 7 seqtembers

danaSaulis prevenciisa da damnaSaveTa mimarT mopyrobis Sesaxeb gaero-s merve

kongresis mier.

72. principebis me-9 punqti iTvaliswinebs:

`samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebi ar gamoiyeneben cecxlsasrol

iaraRs garda sikvdilis an seriozuli dazianebis aSkara safrTxisagan Tavdacvis

14

an sxva pirTa dacvis mizniT, iseTi gansakuTrebiT saSiSi danaSaulis aRsakveTad,

romelsac SeiZleba mohyves seriozuli safrTxe sicocxlisTvis, iseTi piris

dasapatimreblad, romelic amgvar safrTxes warmoadgens da winaaRmdegobas uwevs

maT, aseTi piris gaqcevis aRsakveTad da mxolod maSin, Tu naklebad mkacri

RonisZiebebi ar aris sakmarisi am miznebis misaRwevad. nebismier SemTxvevaSi

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba ganzrax letaluri miznebisaTvis SeiZleba

mxolod maSin, rodesac es sruliad gardauvalia sicocxlis dacvis mizniT.~

73. principebis sxva debulebebis Sesabamisad, samarTaldamcavi pirebi `imoqmedeben

danaSaulis simZimisa da misaRwevi legitimuri miznis Sesabamisad~ (punqti 5). aseve,

`mTavrobebi uzrunvelyofen, rom samarTaldamcavi pirebis mier cecxlsasroli

iaraRis gaumarTlebeli da borotad gamoyeneba dasjadi danaSauli iyos~ (punqti

7). erovnuli wesebi da reglamentebi cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb

unda `uzrunvelyofdes, rom cecxlsasroli iaraRi gamoiyenebodes mxolod

saTanado garemoebebSi da imgvarad, rom Seamciros gaumarTlebeli zianis

miyenebis SesaZlebloba.~

74. principebis 23-e punqti iTvaliswinebs, rom msxverplT da maT ojaxebs unda

hqondeT SesaZlebloba, mimarTon damoukidebel process, `sasamarTlo procesis

CaTvliT.~ 24-e punqtis Tanaxmad:

`mTavrobam da samarTaldamcavma organoebma unda uzrunvelyon zemdgomi

oficrebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis dadgoma, Tu am oficrebma ician an unda

icodnen, rom maT daqvemdebarebaSi myofi pirebi iyeneben an gamoiyenes ukanono

Zala an cecxlsasroli iaraRi da ar miiRes saTanado zomebi uflebamosilebis

farglebSi aseTi gamoyenebis aRsakveTad an SesaCereblad.~

75. gaero-s principebi araiuridiuli, TviTneburi da daCqarebuli aRsrulebis

efeqturi prevenciisa da gamoZiebis Sesaxeb, romlebic miRebulia 1989 wlis 24

maiss ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWos 1989/65 rezoluciiT, iTvaliswinebs, rom

araiuridiuli, TviTneburi da daCqarebuli aRsrulebisas unda Catardes

safuZvliani, miukerZoebeli da swrafi gamoZieba da gamoZiebis mizani unda iyos,

inter alia, sikvdilis gamomwvevi `nebismieri modelis an praqtikis~ dadgena. me-11

punqtis Tanaxmad:

`im saqmeebSi, sadac Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi ar aris sakmarisi

miukerZoeblobis an kompetenciis naklebobis gamo, saqmis mniSvnelobis an

Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebis gamo, da saqmeebSi, rodesac msxverplis ojaxis

wevrebi asaCivreben aseT Seusabamobas an sxva arsebiT mizezebs, mTavrobam unda

wamoiwyos gamoZieba damoukidebeli sagamoZiebo komisiis an msgavsi komisiis

meSveobiT. aseTi komisiis wevrebi unda airCnen maTi sayovelTaod cnobili

miukerZoeblobis,

kompetenturobisa

da

damoukideblobis

safuZvelze.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom isini damoukidebelni iyvnen nebismieri

dawesebulebisgan, uwyebisa Tu pirisagan, romlis mimarTac xorcieldeba

gamokvleva. komisias unda hqondes uflebamosileba, miiRos mTeli aucilebeli

informacia gamokvlevisaTvis da unda Caataros gamokvleva am principebis

Sesabamisad.~

me-17 punqtis Tanaxmad:

15

`aseTi gamoZiebis meTodebisa da daskvnebis Sesaxeb werilobiTi angariSi unda

momzaddes gonivrul vadaSi. angariSi dauyovnebliv sajaro unda gaxdes da masSi

miTiTebuli unda iyos gamokvlevis farglebi, procedurebi, mtkicebulebaTa

Sefasebisas gamoyenebuli meTodebi, aseve daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi faqtebis

Sesaxeb mopovebuli informaciisa da samarTlis safuZvelze...~

B. saerTaSoriso dokumentebi da SedarebiTi samarTali rasistul Zaladobaze

76. rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb konvenciis

ratificireba bulgareTma moaxdina 1966 wels, konvencia misTvis ZalaSia 1969

wlidan, xolo oficialur saxelmwifo gazeTSi 1992 wels gamoqveynda. konvenciis

me-4 muxli iTvaliswinebs:

`wevri saxelmwifoebi kisruloben valdebulebas, dauyovnebliv ganaxorcielon

pozitiuri RonisZiebebi, raTa aRmoifxvras [rasobrivi] diskriminaciis waqezeba an

ganxorcieleba da am mizniT...

(a) unda gamoacxadon kanoniT dasjadad ... yvela aseTi qmedeba an aseTi qmedebebis

waqezeba nebismieri eris an sxva feris Tu eTnikuri warmomavlobis pirTa jgufis

mimarT...’’

77. 1993 wlis 16 martis #4/91 SetyobinebaSi saqmeze L.K. v. the Netherlands, romelic

Seexeboda kerZo pirebis mier b-ni l.k.-s misamarTiT rasobrivi xasiaTis muqaras da

xelisuflebis organoebis mier msxverplis saCivarze arasakmaris reaqcias,

rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris komitetma ganacxada, inter alia,

rom

gamoeZiebina

ZaladobaSi braldebas.

saxelmwifos

ekisreboda

valdebuleba,

gulmodgined

rasobriv diskriminaciasa

da

droulad

saqmeebi,

romlebic

Seexeboda

da

78. erovnuli umciresobebis dacvis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos CarCo-konvencia

bulgareTisaTvis ZalaSia 1999 wlidan. misi me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad:

`saxelmwifoebi kisruloben valdebulebas, miiRon nebismieri zoma im pirTa

dasacavad,

romelTac

SeiZleba

emuqrebodnen

an

romlebic

SeiZleba

eqvemdebarebodnen diskriminacias, mtrul ganwyobas an Zaladobas maTi erovnuli,

kulturuli, lingvisturi an religiuri warmomavlobis gamo.~

79. 2002 wlis 21 noembris gadawyvetilebaSi gaero-s wamebis sawinaaRmdego

komitetma, romelic ixilavda hajrizi dzemalis da sxvebis mier iugoslaviis

winaaRmdeg Setanil #161/2000 saCivars, daadgina, rom 1995 wlis 14 aprils

araboSuri warmomavlobis agresiuli brbos qmedeba, romelmac daangria boSaTa

dasaxleba policiis oficrebis TandaswrebiT, `Cadenili iqna rasobrivi

motivaciis safuZvelze~. es faqti amZimebda gaero-s wamebisa da sxva sastiki,

damamcirebeli mopyrobisa Tu dasjis Sesaxeb konvenciis me-16 muxlis pirveli

punqtis darRvevas. mtkicebulebis Sefasebisas komitetma aRniSna, rom mas ar

miuRia werilobiTi axsna-ganmarteba saxelmwifosagan da gadawyvita, dayrdnoboda

`momCivanebis mier wardgenil detalur informacias~.

80. evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 29 ivnisis direqtiva # 2000/43/CE, romelic

Seexeba adamianebis mimarT Tanabar mopyrobas miuxedavad rasobrivi da eTnikuri

16

warmoSobisa, da sabWos 2000 wlis 27 noembris direqtiva # 2000/78/CE, romelic

awesebs zogad farglebs dasaqmebisas da saqmianobisas Tanabari mopyrobisaTvis,

Sesabamisad, me-8 da me-10 muxlebSi iTvaliswineben:

`1. wevri saxelmwifoebi miiReben iseT zomebs, romlebic aucilebelia maTi

samarTlebrivi sistemebis Sesabamisad, raTa uzrunvelyon, rom, rodesac

adamianebi, romlebic Tavs miiCneven msxverplad Tanaswori mopyrobis principis

maT mimarT gamouyeneblobis gamo, warmoadgenen sasamarTlos an sxva kompetenturi

organos winaSe faqtebs, romlebidanac pirdapir an arapirdapir SeiZleba

gamomdinareobdes pirdapiri an arapirdapiri diskriminacia, mopasuxem daamtkicos,

rom ar darRveula Tanaswori mopyrobis principi.

2. pirveli punqti ar ukrZalavs wevr saxelmwifoebs, SemoiRon mtkicebulebebis

Sesaxeb wesebi, romlebic ufro xelsayrelia momCivanTaTvis.

3. pirveli punqti ar gamoiyeneba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.

...

5. wevri saxelmwifo ar aris valdebuli, gamoiyenos pirveli punqti im procesebSi,

sadac saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi sasamarTlom an sxva kompetenturma organom

unda gamoiZios.~

81. 2002 wels evrokomisiam gamoaqveyna rasizmisa da qsenofobiis winaaRmdeg

brZolis sabWos CarCo-gadawyvetilebis winadadeba. gadawyvetilebis me-8 punqti

iTvaliswinebs, rom am sferoSi saxelmwifoebma unda gaataron saTanado

RonisZiebebi, raTa sisxlis samarTalSi rasobrivi diskriminacia mxedvelobaSi

iqnes miRebuli, rogorc damamZimebeli garemoeba.

82. 2005 wlis aprilSi rasizmisa da qsenofobiis monitoringis evropulma centrma

gamoaqveyna SedarebiTi mimoxilva rasobrivi Zaladobisa da masze sapasuxo

qmedebebis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris 15 wevr saxelmwifoSi. dokumentSi, inter alia,

aRniSnuli iyo, rom Seswavlil iurisdiqciebSi rasobrivi Zaladoba ar iyo

gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis samarTliT, vinaidan yuradReba ar iyo gamaxvilebuli

Zaladobis motivze. Tumca es tradicia nel-nela icvleboda, vinaidan kanonebSi

Cndeboda `rasobrivad motivirebuli~ danaSaulis cneba. kerZod, zogierT wevr

saxelmwifoSi

garemoebad

sasjelis

iTvleboda.

gansazRvrisas

Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba

rasobrivi

motivacia

Semdeg

damamZimebel

saxelmwifoebSi

iTvaliswinebda aseT SesaZleblobas: avstria, belgia, dania, fineTi, safrangeTi,

italia, portugalia, espaneTi, SvedeTi da gaerTianebuli samefo. safrangeTis

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsma (miRebuli iqna 2003 wels) 132-76 muxlis me-2 punqtSi

SemoiRo rasizmis `obieqturi~ ganmarteba, rogorc sasjelis damamZimebeli

garemoebisa:

`danaSaulisaTvis sasjeli gaizrdeba, Tu danaSauli Cadenilia msxverplis ama Tu

im eTnikuri jgufis, eris, rasisa Tu religiuri jgufisadmi kuTvnilebis gamo.

pirvel abzacSi gansazRvruli damamZimebeli garemoeba saxezea, rodesac

danaSauls win uswrebda, misi Tanamdevi iyo an mohyva werilobiTi an zepiri

gancxadebebi, suraTebi, obieqtebi an qmedebebi, romlebic laxavs msxverplis an im

17

jgufis, romelsac igi ekuTvnis, Rirsebas an Sexedulebas ama Tu im eTnikuri

jgufis, eris, rasisa Tu religiuri jgufisadmi kuTvnilebis gamo.~

samarTali

I.saqmis farglebi

83. didi palatisaTvis saqmis gadacemis Txovnasa da werilobiT mosazrebebSi

mTavrobam sTxova did palatas, xelaxla Seeswavla konvenciis me-14 muxlis

Sesabamisad dasmuli sakiTxebi. sasamarTlos winaSe mosmenaze mTavrobis

warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom mTavroba eTanxmeboda palatis daskvnebs

konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebis safuZvelze.

84. ganmcxadeblebma sTxoves sasamarTlos, calke ganexila me-14 muxlidan

gamomdinare sakiTxebi, vinaidan palatis daskvnebi me-2 da me-13 muxlebis

safuZvelze ar iyo sadavo.

85. sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom kolegiis mier ganxilvis Txovnis miReba niSnavda,

rom mTliani saqme gadaeca did palatas axali gadawyvetilebis saSualebiT

xelaxla gadasawyvetad. didi palatisaTvis gadacemuli `saqme~ aucileblad

moicavs palatis mier ganxiluli ganacxadis yvela aspeqts da ara mxolod

seriozul `kiTxvebs~ an `sakiTxebs~, romlebic aRniSnuli iyo gadacemis Sesaxeb

TxovnaSi (K. and T. v. Finland [GC], no. 25702/94, ECHR 2001–VII, punqtebi 139-141).

86. miuxedavad mxareTa survilisa, rom xelaxali ganxilva Semoifarglos

konvenciis me-14 muxlTan dakavSirebiT saqmidan gamomdinare sakiTxebiT, didma

palatam unda ganixilos konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebidan gamomdinare

sakiTxebic.

II. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

87. ganmcxadeblebi acxadebdnen, rom b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis mkvleloba

arRvevda konvenciis me-2 muxls. isini amtkicebdnen, rom sikvdili gamoiwvia

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivma samarTlma d praqtikam, vinaidan es ukanasknelni konvenciis

moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT ar aregulirebdnen saxelmwifo moxeleTa mier

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebas. faqtobrivad, saxelmwifo moxeleebs SeeZloT

mocemul SemTxvevaSi letaluri Zalis gamoyeneba maSin, rodesac misi gamoyeneba

ar iyo absoluturad aucilebeli. es faqti arRvevda konvenciis me-2 muxls.

ganmcxadeblebi aseve acxadebdnen, rom xelisuflebam ver SeZlo Caetarebina

efeqturi gamoZieba.

88. konvenciis me-2 muxli iTvaliswinebs:

`1. yoveli adamianis sicocxlis ufleba kanoniT aris daculi. aravis SeiZleba

waerTvas sicocxle ganzrax. sicocxlis warTmeva dasaSvebia mxolod sasikvdilo

ganaCenis aRsrulebis Sedegad, rac sasamarTlos ganaCeniT Seefarda mocemul pirs

iseTi danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, romlisTvisac kanoni iTvaliswinebs am sasjels.

18

2. sicocxlis warTmeva ar CaiTvleba am muxlis sawinaaRmdegod Cadenil qmedebad,

Tu is Sedegad mohyva Zalis gamoyenebis absolutur aucileblobas:

a) nebismieri piris dasacavad aramarTlzomieri Zaladobisagan;

b) kanonieri dakavebis an kanonierad dapatimrebuli piris gaqcevis aRsakveTad;

c) kanonier RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebisas ajanyebis an amboxebis CasaxSobad~.

A. palatis gadawyvetileba:

89. palatam daadgina, rom me-2 muxli krZalavda cecxlsasroli iaraRis

gamoyenebas b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis msgavsi pirebis dakavebisas, rodesac

maT ar hqondaT Cadenili Zaladobrivi samarTaldarRveva, ar iyvnen SeiaraRebulni

da ar warmoadgendnen safrTxes dapatimrebis ganmaxorcielebeli oficrebisaTvis

an sxva adamianebisaTvis. Sesabamisad, mopasuxe saxelmwifo pasuxismgebeli iyo

mocemul saqmeSi konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRveviT sicocxlis mospobaze, vinaidan

b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis dasapatimreblad letaluri Zala iqna

gamoyenebuli. me-2 muxlis darRvevas amZimebda isic, rom gamoyenebuli iyo

gadametebuli Zala da xelisuflebam ver dagegma da ver gaakontrola

dapatimrebis operacia me-2 muxlis Sesabamisad.

90. palatam aseve daadgina, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifom daarRvia konvenciis me-2

muxlis pirveli punqtiT dakisrebuli valdebuleba, efeqturad gamoeZiebina b-ni

angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sikvdili. kerZod, gamoZiebis dros adgili hqonda

seriozul auxsnel gadacdomebsa da Seusabamobebs da mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi standarti, romelic ar Seesabameboda konvenciis me-2

muxlis me-2 punqtis `absoluturi aucileblobis~ moTxovnas.

91. rac Seexeba ganmcxadebelTa mtkicebas, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifom ar Seasrula

masze dakisrebuli sicocxlis dacvis valdebuleba, palatam miiCnia, rom es

sakiTxi Seexeboda saqmis yvela aspeqts da ar iyo aucilebeli misi damoukideblad

ganxilva.

B. mxareTa argumentacia

92. mTavrobam da ganmcxadeblebma didi palatis winaSe ganacxades, rom isini

iziarebdnen palatis daskvnebs konvenciis me-2 muxlTan dakavSirebiT.

C. sasamarTlos Sefaseba

1. warmoadgenda Tu ara b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sicocxlis mospoba

konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas

(a) zogadi principebi

93. me-2 muxli, romelic icavs sicocxlis uflebas, warmoadgens konvenciis erT-

erT ZiriTad debulebas da evropis sabWos SemadgenlobaSi myofi demokratiuli

sazogadoebebis erT-erT umTavres Rirebulebas gamoxatavs. am debulebis

19

savaraudo darRvevebi sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT unda ganixilos.

rodesac saqme Seexeba saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier Zalis gamoyenebas,

mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli ara marto im saxelmwifo moxeleTa qmedebebi,

romelTac uSualod gamoiyenes Zala, aramed saqmesTan dakavSirebuli

garemoebebic, maT Soris saTanado samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli CarCoebi da

gamosakvlevi qmedebebis dagegmva da kontroli (ix. McCann and Others v. the United

Kingdom, 1995 wlis 27 seqtembris gadawyvetleba, Series A no. 324, gv. 46, punqti 150, da

Makaratzis v. Greece [GC], no. 50385/99, punqtebi 57-59, 2004 wlis 20 dekemberi).

94. rogorc me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtidan Cans, letaluri Zalis gamoyeneba SeiZleba

gamarTlebuli iyos zogierT garemoebaSi. Tumca Zalis gamoyeneba unda iyos

`absoluturad aucilebeli~ anu mkacrad proporciuli arsebul garemoebebSi.

sicocxlis uflebis gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT garemoebebi,

romlebSic sicocxlis mospoba SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iqnes, Zalian mkacrad

unda ganimartos (ix. Andronicou and Constantinou v. Cyprus, 1997 wlis 9 oqtombris

gadawyvetileba, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997-VI, gv. 2097-98, punqti 171, gv. 2102,

punqti 181,gv. 2104, punqti 186, gv. 2107, punqti 192, da gv. 2108, punqti 193;daMcKerr v. the

United Kingdom, no. 28883/95, punqtebi 108et seq., ECHR 2001-III).

95. Sesabamisad da konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtidan gamomdinare, kanonieri

dapatimrebis legitimurma mizanma adamianis sicocxlis safrTxis qveS dayeneba

mxolod absoluturi aucileblobisas SeiZleba gaamarTlos. sasamarTlos miaCnia,

rom principSi aseTi aucilebloba ar SeiZleba arsebobdes, rodesac cnobilia,

rom dasakavebel pirs ar gaaCnia sicocxlisTvis an janmrTelobisTvis safrTxis

miyenebis saSualeba da ar aris eWvmitanili Zaladobriv samarTaldarRvevaSi,

Tundac letaluri Zalis gamouyeneblobas Sedegad mohyves Zebnilis dakavebis

SesaZleblobis dakargva (ix. sasamarTlos pozicia zemoxsenebul saqmeSi McCann

and Others, gv. 45-46, punqtebi 146-50, da gv. 56-62, punqtebi 192-214, aseve zemoxsenebul

Makaratzis-is saqmeSi, punqtebi 64-66; aseve ixileT sasamarTlos mier gakeTebuli

gancxadeba

cecxlsasroli

iaraRis

dagmobis

Sesaxeb

SeuiaraRebeli

da

aramoZalade pirebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic cdilobdnen yofili germaniis

demokratiuli respublikis datovebas saqmeSi Streletz, Kessler and Krenz v. Germany [GC],

nos. 34044/96, 35532/97 da44801/98, punqtebi 87, 96da97,ECHR 2001-II).

96. me-2 muxli ara marto gansazRvravs im SemTxvevebs, rodesac gamarTlebulia

sicocxlis mospoba, aramed ayalibebs saxelmwifoTa ZiriTad valdebulebas,

daicvan sicocxlis ufleba da am mizniT SemoiRon saTanado samarTlebrivi da

administraciuli

CarCo,

romelic

gansazRvravs,

Tu

rodis

SeuZliaT

samarTaldamcav organoebs cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba saerTaSoriso

standartebis Sesabamisad (ix. Makaratzis-is saqme, punqtebi 57-59, da samarTaldamcavi

organoebis mier Zalisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb gaero-s

ZiriTadi principebi, ix. zemoT, punqtebi 71-74). me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli

mkacri proporciulobis principTan erTad (ix. McCann and Others, gv. 46, punqti 149)

dapatimrebis operaciebis maregulirebeli erovnuli samarTlebrivi CarCo unda

miuTiTebdes

cecxlsasroli

iaraRis

gamoyenebaze

arsebuli

garemoebebis

yuradRebiT Sefasebaze dayrdnobiT, kerZod ki Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTisa da

devnilis mier safrTxis gamowvevis Sefasebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

20

97. garda amisa, policiis mier gansaxorcielebel RonisZiebaTa maregulirebeli

erovnuli kanonmdebloba unda qmnides garantiebis qmediT da saTanado sistemas

Zalis gaumarTlebeli da borotad gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg da TviT Tavidan

acilebadi SemTxvevebis winaaRmdeg (ix. zemoxsenebuli Makaratzis-is same, punqti 58).

kerZod,samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebma unda gaiaron momzadeba, raTa

SeeZloT

Sefaseba

imisa,

arsebobs

Tu

ara

absoluturi

aucilebloba

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebisaTvis ara marto samarTlebrivi debulebebis

safuZvelze, aramed imis gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom sicocxlis ufleba erT-erTi

umniSvnelovanesi faseulobaa (ix. sasamarTlos kritika jariskacebisaTvis

micemuli brZanebisa `esroleT sasikvdilod~ saqmeSi McCann and Others, gv. 61-62,

punqtebi 211-214).

(b) am principebis gamoyeneba mocemul saqmeSi

98. b-n angelovsa da b-n petkovs esrola da mokla samxedro policiis oficerma,

romelic cdilobda maT dakavebas patimrobis adgilidan gaqcevis Semdeg.

Sesabamisad, saqme ganxiluli unda iqnes konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis `b~

qvepunqtTan mimarTebiT.

(i) Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba

99. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas iwvevs is garemoeba, rom

reglamenti samxedro policiis mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb

samxedro Zalebis wevrebis dapatimrebisas letaluri Zalis gamoyenebis nebas

rTavda maSinac, rodesac maT mcire danaSauli aqvT Cadenili. reglamenti ar

gamoqveynebula da igi ar Seicavda mkafio garantiebs sicocxlis TviTneburad

warTmevis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. reglamentis Tanaxmad, kanonieri iyo

devnilisaTvis srola, Tu igi ar Cabardeboda sityvieri gafrTxilebisa da haerSi

gamafrTxilebeli gasrolis Semdeg (ix. zemoT, punqti 60). cecxlsasroli iaraRis

gamoyenebis Sesaxeb debulebebisa da letaluri Zalis gamoyenebis mimarT

tolerantuli damokidebulebis naklovanebebi naTlad gamoCnda b-ni angelovisa

da b-ni petkovis sasikvdilod daWris faqtiT, aseve sagamoZiebo organoebis mier

Catarebul qmedebebSi. sasamarTlo am sakiTxs mogvianebiT daubrundeba.

100. aseTi samarTlebrivi CarCo aSkarad arasakmarisia da sicocxlis uflebas ar

icavs

demokratiul

`kanoniT~,

rogorc

amas

moiTxovs

(ix. zemoT,

konvencia

punqtebi

dRevandeli

evropis

sazogadoebebSi

94-97, romlebSic

Camoyalibebulia principebi, romlebsac unda efuZnebodes samarTlebrivi CarCo).

101. aRsaniSnavia uzenaesi sasamarTlos gancxadeba, rom proporciulobis principi

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sisxlis samarTlis ganuyofeli nawilia. Tumca uzenaesi

sasamarTlos ganmarteba mocemul saqmeSi ar iqna gamoyenebuli (ix. zemoT,

punqtebi 50-54 da 60).

102. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom saxelmwifom ver Seasrula konvenciis

me-2 muxliT dakisrebuli valdebuleba, daecva sicocxlis ufleba samxedro

policiis mier Zalisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT

saTanado samarTlebrivi da administraciuli CarCos SemoRebiT.

(ii) operaciis dagegmva da kontroli

21

103. palatam calke ganixila, Tu rogor daigegma dapatimrebis operacia. didi

palata eTanxmeba palatis daskvnas, rom xelisuflebam ver Seasrula masze

dakisrebuli valdebuleba, Seemcirebina sicocxlis mospobis riski, vinaidan

dapatimrebis ganmaxorcielebel oficrebs miecaT miTiTeba, gamoeyenebinaT yvela

saSualeba b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis dasapatimreblad im faqtis

gauTvaliswineblad,

warmoadgendnen safrTxes

rom

gaqceulebs

sicocxlisa

ar

hqondaT

Tu janmrTelobisaTvis.

iaraRi

da

isini

ar

palatam

marTebulad aRniSna (punqti 110):

`dapatimrebis operaciis dagegmvisas aucilebeli elementi ... unda iyos arsebuli

garemoebebis Sesaxeb informaciis analizi; absoluturi minimumia dasapatimrebeli

piris mier Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTis da am piris mier safrTxis gamowvevis

SesaZleblobis Seswavla. Tu rodis da ra pirobebSi SeiZleba cecxlsasroli

iaraRis gamoyeneba, Tu dasapatimrebeli piri cdilobs gaqcevas, winaswar unda

ganisazRvros samarTlebrivi safuZvlebis gaTvaliswinebiT, oficerTa saTanado

momzadebiTa da arsebuli informaciis SeswavliT~.

104. didi palata, Tavis mxriv, kidev erTxel aRniSnavs, rom ar arsebobda mkafio

samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli CarCo, romelic gansazRvravda, Tu ra

garemoebebSi SeuZlia samxedro policias sikvdilis gamomwvevi Zalis gamoyeneba

(ix. zemoT, punqtebi 99-102). didi palata eTanxmeba palatis daskvnebs (punqti 112),

rom Sesabamisi reglamenti:

`... ar iTvaliswinebda cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebas arsebuli garemoebebis

Seswavlis safuZvelze, ufro metic, ar moiTxovda devnilis mier Cadenili

danaSaulisa da mis mier gamowveuli safrTxis Sefasebas~.

105. mocemul SemTxvevaSi kargad SeiaraRebuli oficrebis jgufi gaemgzavra ori

adamianis dasapatimreblad ise, rom ar ganuxilavT, warmoadgendnen Tu ara es

pirebi raime safrTxes; aseve, oficrebi ar gaufrTxilebiaT, rom SeemcirebinaT

sicocxlisaTvis riski. mokled, operaciis dagegmvisa da kontrolis zomebi

aaSkaravebs

sicocxlis

uflebis

umTavresi

Rirebulebis

samwuxaro

ugulebelyofas.

(iii) dapatimrebis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebis qmedebebi

106. ar iyo sadavo, rom b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi msaxurobdnen samSeneblo

ZalebSi, armiis specialur danayofSi, sadac axalwveulTa movaleobaa mSenebloba

arasamxedro adgilebSi. maT miusajes moklevadiani patimroba araZaladobrivi

samarTaldarRvevis CadenisaTvis. isini gaiqcnen Zalis gamouyeneblad, ubralod

datoves samuSao adgili, romelic dapatimrebis adgilis gareT iyo (ix. zemoT,

punqtebi 13-15). arc erTi maTgani ar iyo SeiaraRebuli da ar warmoadgenda

safrTxes oficrebisaTvis an mesame pirebisaTvis; es unda scodnodaT dapatimrebis

ganmaxorcielebel oficrebs maTTvis xelmisawvdomi faqtebis safuZvelze.

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, sofel lesuraSi Sexvedrisas oficrebma, yovel SemTxvevaSi

maiorma g.-m, SeamCnies, rom isini ar iyvnen SeiaraRebulni da arc safrTxis

gamomwvevi qmedebis niSnebi SeimCneoda (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 15-16).

22

107. zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom arsebul

garemoebebSi potenciurad letaluri Zalis gamoyeneba akrZaluli iyo konvenciis

me-2 muxliT, Tundac b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi gaqceuliyvnen. rogorc ukve

aRiniSna, sikvdilis gamomwvevi Zalis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos

`absoluturad aucileblad~, rodesac cnobilia, rom dasapatimrebeli piri ar

warmoadgens sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis safrTxes da ar aris

braldebuli Zaladobrivi danaSaulis CadenaSi.

108. garda amisa, maior g.-s qmedeba, samxedro policielisa, romelmac esrola

msxverplT, seriozul kritikas iwvevs, vinaidan man gamoiyena aSkarad Zalze

gadametebuli Zala:

(i) rogorc Cans, arsebobda dapatimrebis sxva saSualebebi: oficrebs hyavdaT jipi,

dapatimreba xorcieldeboda patara sofelSi dRisiT da b-ni angelovisa da b-ni

petkovis qmedebis ganWvreta SesaZlebeli iyo, vinaidan wina gaqcevis Semdeg b-ni

angelovi ipoves imave misamarTze (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 17, 18, 23 da 24).

(ii) maiorma g.-m gamoiyena avtomaturi iaraRi da CarTo igi avtomatur reJimze,

Tumca aseve Tan hqonda pistoleti (ix. zemoT, punqti 26). avtomaturi iaraRiT mas

ar SeeZlo kargad damizneba;

(iii) b-ni petkovi daWrili iyo mkerdSi, risi gamamarTlebeli sabuTebi ar yofila

warmodgenili (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 41 da 50-54). aseTi ganmartebis ararsebobisas ar

SeiZleba gamoiricxos, rom ukanasknel momentSi b-ni angelovi mobrunda

Casabareblad, magram mas mainc esroles.

(iv) sasamarTlos daskvna

109. sasamarTlo askvnis rom saxelmwifom ver Seasrula konvenciis me-2 muxliT

dakisrebuli valdebuleba, vinaidan Zalis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb samarTlebriv

CarCoSi iyo xarvezebi da b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi mokles im pirobebSi,

sadac nebismieri Zalis gamoyeneba maT dasapatimreblad konvenciis me-2 muxlis

darRveva iqneboda. amasTan, aSkarad gadaWarbebuli Zala iqna gamoyenebuli. amitom

b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT dairRva konvenciis me-2

muxli.

2. iyo Tu ara b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sikvdilis gamoZieba efeqturi,

rogorc amas konvenciis me-2 muxli moiTxovs

(a) zogadi principebi

110. sicocxlis uflebis dacvis valdebuleba, romelsac iTvaliswinebs konvenciis

me-2 muxli, konvenciis pirvel muxlTan erTad aRebuli, romelic ayalibebs

saxelmwifoTa

zogad

valdebulebas,

`TavianTi

iurisdiqciis

farglebSi

uzrunvelyon am konvenciis I TavSi gansazRvruli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi,~

gulisxmobs, rom unda ganxorcieldes efeqturi oficialuri gamoZieba, rodesac

adamiani mokles Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad (ix. Çakici v. Turkey [GC], no. 23657/94, punqti

86, ECHR 1999-IV). aseTi gamoZiebis ZiriTadi mizani unda iyos sicocxlis

uflebasTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli kanonmdeblobis efeqturi ganxorcieleba,

xolo im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac saqme Seexeba saxelmwifo organoebs an moxeleebs,

23

am pirTaTvis angariSvaldebulebis dakisrebis uzrunvelyofa, Tu sikvdilze

pasuxismgebloba maT ekisrebaT (ix. Anguelova v. Bulgaria, no. 38361/97, punqti 137, ECHR

2002-IV).

111. xelisuflebam unda imoqmedos sakuTari iniciativiT, rodesac saqme mis

yuramde miva. xelisufleba ar unda daelodos uaxloesi naTesavis mier saCivris

Setanas an Txovnas mokvlevis an gamoZiebis Catarebis Sesaxeb (ix. mutatis mutandis,

İlhan v. Turkey [GC], no. 22277/93, punqti 63,ECHR 2000-VII).

112. imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier savaraudo ukanono mkvlelobebis

gamoZieba efeqturi iyos, gamomZieblebi unda iyvnen damoukidebelni da

miukerZoebelni samarTlebrivad da praqtikaSi (ix. Güleç v. Turkey, 1998 wlis 27

ivlisis gadawyvetileba, gv. 1733, punqtebi 81-82;Öğur v. Turkey [GC], no. 21954/93, punqtebi

91-92, ECHR 1999-III; da Ergı v. Turkey, 1998 wlis 28 ivlisis gadawyvetileba, Reports 1998-

IV, gv.1778-79,punqtebi 83-84).

113. gamoZieba aseve efeqturi unda iyos im kuTxiT, rom unda daadginos, iyo Tu ara

gamoyenebuli Zala gamarTlebuli arsebul garemoebebSi da daadginos da dasajos

aseT qmedebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebi (ix. Oğur v. Turkey, punqti 88). xelisuflebas

unda mieRo mis xelT arsebuli yvela zoma, raTa daecva incidentTan

dakavSirebuli

sasamarTlo-samedicino

mtkicebulebebi,

maT

Soris

daskvnebi.

TviTmxilvelTa

Cvenebebi

daskvnebi

da

unda

eqspertizis

gamoZiebis

emyarebodes yvela Sesabamisi elementis amomwurav, obieqtur da miukerZoebel

analizs da unda gamoiyenos konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtiT dadgenili

`absoluturad aucilebelis~ kriteriumi. gamoZiebisas daSvebuli nebismieri

Secdoma, romelic Zirs uTxris gamoZiebis SesaZleblobas, dadgindes saqmis

garemoebebi an pasuxismgebeli piri, pirdapir winaaRmdegobaSi modis efeqturobis

moTxovnasTan (ix. Kelly and Others v. the United Kingdom, no. 30054/96, punqtebi 96-97, 2001

wlis 4 maisi; daAnguelova v. Bulgaria, punqtebi 139 da 144).

(b) am principebis gamoyeneba mocemul saqmeSi

114. didi palata ver xedavs mizezs, rom gadauxvios palatis daskvnas. igi palatis

msgavsad acxadebs, rom gamoZiebam b-ni angelovisa da da b-ni petkovis sikvdilis

gamomwvevi oficris qmedeba Seafasa saTanado reglamentebis gaTvaliswinebiT. is

faqti, rom gamoZiebam gaamarTla Zalis gamoyeneba arsebul garemoebebSi, mxolod

adasturebs am debulebebis xarvezs da sicocxlis uflebis ugulebelyofas.

daeyrdnen ra mxolod reglamentis debulebebs, sagamoZiebo organoebma ar

Seiswavles Sesabamisi sakiTxebi, magaliTad, informacia imis Taobaze, rom

msxverplni ar iyvnen SeiaraRebulni da ar warmoadgendnen safrTxes sxva

adamianebisaTvis, aseve iyo Tu ara gamarTlebuli kargad SeiaraRebul oficerTa

jgufis gagzavna ori piris dasakaveblad, romelTa erTaderTi danaSauli iyo

jaridan Svebulebis gareSe gaparva. mokled, arsebuli garemoebebi ar Seswavlila

detalurad (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 50-54).

115. garda imisa, rom arsebobda sakmaod viwro samarTlebrivi CarCo, romlis

farglebSic mimdinareobda gamoZieba, aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom ar Catarebula

mTeli rigi aucilebeli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisa. kerZod, sqematuri ruka,

romelsac daeyrdno sagamoZiebo organo, ar Seicavda garemos daxasiaTebas, ar

24

ganxorcielebula saTanado azomvebi, ar momxdara movlenis rekonstruqcia.

mxolod am gziT miRebuli informaciis saSualebiT iyo SesaZlebeli oficerTa

mier micemuli Cvenebis namdvilobis Semowmeba (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 36-54).

116. ufro metic, gamomZieblebma da prokurorebma yuradReba ar miaqcies metad

mniSvnelovan faqtebs, kerZod im faqts, rom b-ni petkovi daWrili iyo mkerdSi,

rom gasrolili masra ipoves m.m.-is ezoSi, im adgilidan ramdenime metris

moSorebiT, sadac b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi daecnen, da rom maiorma g.-m

gamoiyena aSkarad gadametebuli Zala, CarTo ra iaraRi avtomatur reJimSi.

xelisuflebam ar miaqcia yuradReba am mniSvnelovan faqtebs, ar miucia maTTvis

raime axsna-ganmarteba, daujera maior g.-s gancxadebebs da Sewyvita gamoZieba. am

gziT gamoZiebam da prokuraturam daicves maiori g. samarTlebrivi devnisagan.

117. didi palata iziarebs palatis mosazrebas, rom aseTi qmedeba xelisuflebis

mxridan – romelic ukve aRiniSna sasamarTlos mier bulgareTis winaaRmdeg

ramdenime saqmeSi (ix. Velikova v. Bulgaria, no. 41488/98, ECHR 2000-VI da Anguelova) – iwvevs

seriozul SeSfoTebas, vinaidan badebs seriozul eWvs gamomZiebelTa da

prokurorTa miukerZoeblobasa da obieqturobaSi.

118. amasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo acxadebs, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania

xelisuflebis swrafi da qmediTi pasuxi letaluri Zalis faqtebis gamoZiebisas,

raTa sazogadoebas SeunarCundes rwmena, rom xelisufleba icavs kanonis

uzenaesobas da ar gaCndes mosazreba, TiTqos xelisufleba mxars uWers ukanono

qmedebebs (ix. zemoxsenebuli saqme McKerr v. the United Kingdom, punqtebi 111-15).

119. mocemul saqmeSi mopasuxe saxelmwifom daarRvia masze konvenciis me-2 muxlis

pirveli punqtiT dakisrebuli valdebuleba, efeqturad gamoeZiebina sicocxlis

mospoba.

III. konvenciis me-13 muxlis savaraudo darRveva

120. konvenciis me-13 muxli iTvaliswinebs:

`yvelas,

visac

daerRva

am

konvenciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli

uflebebi

da

Tavisuflebebi, unda hqondes samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani saSualeba erovnuli

xelisuflebisagan, Tundac es darRveva Caidinos pirma, romelic samsaxurebriv

uflebamosilebas axorcielebda.~

121. konvenciis me-2 muxlTan dakavSirebuli daskvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT palatam

daadgina, rom konvenciis me-13 muxlis safuZvelze calke sakiTxi ar wamoiWreboda.

122. didi palatis winaSe mTavrobam ar daafiqsira Tavisi pozicia konvenciis me-13

muxlis safuZvelze wamoWrili sakiTxebisadmi. ganmcxadeblebma ganacxades, rom

isini iziareben palatis daskvnebs.

123. me-2 muxlis proceduruli aspeqtebis darRvevis dadgenis safuZvlebis

gaTvaliswinebiT didi palata, palatis msgavsad, miiCnevs, rom konvenciis me-13

muxlis safuZvelze ar wamoiWreba calke sakiTxi.

IV. konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRveva me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi

25

124. ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRvevas, vinaidan b-ni

petkovisa da b-ni angelovis sikvdilis mizezi iyo boSuri warmoSobis pirTa

mimarT mtruli damokidebuleba. isini aseve amtkicebdnen, rom xelisuflebam ver

Seasrula masze dakisrebuli valdebuleba, gamoeZiebina SesaZlo rasistuli

motivebi. mTavroba ar eTanxmeboda ganmcxadebelTa braldebas.

125. konvenciis me-14 muxli iTvaliswinebs:

`am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT sargebloba

uzrunvelyofilia yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe sqesis, rasis, kanis feris,

enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli Tu socialuri

warmoSobis, erovnuli umciresobisadmi kuTvnilebis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis,

dabadebisa Tu sxva statusis ganurCevlad.~

A. palatis gadawyvetileba

126. palatam aRniSna, rom sicocxlis mospobis SemTxvevebSi me-2 da me-14 muxlebi

erTad akisrebda saxelmwifos xelisuflebis organoebs movaleobas, CaetarebinaT

efeqturi gamoZieba miuxedavad msxverplis rasobrivi an eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa.

palatam aseve miiCnia, rom xelisuflebas ekisreboda damatebiTi valdebuleba,

ganexorcielebina yvela gonivruli RonisZieba, raTa gamoevlina nebismieri

rasobrivi motivi im SemTxvevebSi, romlebic dakavSirebulia samarTaldamcavi

organoebis mier Zalis gamoyenebasTan.

127. mocemul saqmeSi, miuxedavad m.m.-is gancxadebisa sityvieri rasobrivi

Seuracxyofis Sesaxeb da sxva mtkicebulebebisa, romlebsac xelisufalTaTvis

unda mieniSnebinaT SesaZlo rasistuli motivebis Sesaxeb, maT ar CautarebiaT

gamoZieba aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT. Sesabamisad, xelisuflebam ar Seasrula masze

dakisrebuli valdebuleba, romelic gamomdinareobda erTad aRebuli konvenciis

me-14 da me-2 muxlidan.

128. vinaidan arsebobs garkveuli mtkicebulebiTi sirTuleebi diskriminaciis

arsebobis dasamtkiceblad, palatam miiCnia, rom mtkicebulebaTa sakiTxi sagangebo

midgomas saWiroebs: rodesac xelisfuleba bolomde ar gamoiZiebs faqtebs,

saidanac aSkarad Cans saxelmwifo moxeleTa mier Zalis gamoyeneba, da ar miaqcevs

yuradRebas SesaZlo diskriminaciis Taobaze mtkicebulebebs, sasamarTlom

SesaZloa uaryofiTi daskvnebi gaakeTos an mtkicebis tvirTi daakisros mopasuxe

saxelmwifos

ganxilvisas.

konvenciis

me-14

muxlis

Sesabamisad

Setanili

ganacxadis

129. saqmeze arsebul faqtebTan dakavSirebiT palatam miiCnia, rom sagamoZiebo

organoebis qmedebebma – kerZod, im faqtma, rom maT ar ganuxilavT, Tu ratom

gamoiyena maiorma g.-m aSkarad gadametebuli Zala, ar ganuxilavT arc

mtkicebuleba imis Taobaze, rom igi rasistul gancxadebebs akeTebda – gamoiwvia

mtkicebis

tvirTis

Secvla.

amrigad,

mopasuxe

saxelmwifos

ekisreboda

valdebuleba, damatebiTi mtkicebulebis an damarwmunebeli axsna-ganmartebis

meSveobiT daerwmunebina sasamarTlo, rom gasaCivrebuli movlenebi ar iyo

ganpirobebuli saxelmwifo moxeleTa rasistuli ganwyobiT.

26

130. vinaidan mTavrobam ver warmoadgina damarwmunebeli axsna-ganmarteba da imis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sxva saqmeebSi sasamarTlom daadgina, rom bulgareTSi

samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebs boSebis mimarT gamouyenebiaT Zala,

rasac Sedegad mohyolia sikvdili, palatam daaskvna, rom dairRva me-14 muxlis

arsobrivi aspeqtebi konvenciis me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi.

B. mxareTa argumentaciebi

1. mTavroba

131. mTavroba ar daeTanxma palatis daskvnebs me-14 muxlis darRvevasTan

dakavSirebiT, acxadebda ra, rom palata daeyrdno zogad informacias, romelic

scdeboda saqmis farglebs, da or SemTxveviT faqts – b-ni m.m.-is Cvenebas

Seuracxmyofeli wamoZaxilebis Sesaxeb, romlebic savaraudod maiorma g.-m

gamoTqva mis [b-ni m.m.-is] da ara msxverplTa mimarT, da im faqts, rom gansaxilveli

SemTxveva boSaTa dasaxlebaSi moxda. mTavrobis azriT, aRniSnulma msjelobam ar

SeiZleba daadasturos, rom cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba moxda rasistuli

motivis gamo.

132. mTavrobam xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom sasamarTlo yovelTvis moiTxovda

`mtkicebulebas gonivrul eWvs miRma~. mtkicebis tvirTi SeiZleba Seicvalos

mxolod maSin, rodesac xelisuflebam yvelaferi an TiTqmis yvelaferi icis

gansaxilveli movlenebis Sesaxeb, rogorc es xdeba dapatimrebis dros

sikvdilisas. magram aseT SemTxvevas mocemul saqmeSi adgili ar hqonia.

133. vinaidan gansaxilvel SemTxvevasTan mimarTebiT ar arsebobda rasobrivi

elementi, erovnuli xelisuflebis mier damatebiTi gamoZebis Catareba araviTar

Sedegs ar moitanda. mTavroba iziarebda, rom rasobrivi motiviT Cadenili

Zaladoba ufro mkacrad unda daisajos, vidre Zaladoba, romelic ar aris

dakavSirebuli

rasobriv

SuRlTan.

magram

ar

SeiZleba

saxelmwifoebs

moeTxovebodeT SesaZlo rasistuli motivebis gamoZieba, rodesac ar arsebobs

sakmarisi mtkicebuleba rasistuli motivebis arsebobis Sesaxeb. mTavroba miiCnevs,

rom palatis aseTi midgoma gamoiwvevs saxelmwifoTa pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis

wamoWras

yovel

konkretul

SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac

gakeTdeba

gancxadeba

diskriminaciis Sesaxeb, Tundac is ar dadasturdes.

134.

ufro

metic,

palatis

midgoma

ar

iyo

sakmarisad

naTeli

da

winaswarganWvretadi. kerZod, winaaRmdegobrivi iyo palatis gancxadeba, rom

sasamarTlos ar SeeZlo konvenciis me-2 muxlis konteqstSi ganzraxvisa da

gonebrivi mdgomareobis Seswavla da Semdeg daskvnis gamotana, rom arsebiTad

dairRva me-14 muxli me-2 muxlTan erTad, vinaidan b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis

sikvdili rasobrivad motivirebuli qmedebis Sedegi iyo.

135. mTavrobam werilobiT da zepir argumentaciebSi detalurad mimoixila

kanonmdebloba, socialuri programebi da sxva RonisZiebebi, romlebic miiRes

bulgareTSi ukanasknel wlebSi rasobrivi diskriminaciisa da Seuwynareblobis

winaaRmdeg brZolisa da sazogadoebaSi boSaTa integraciis xelSewyobis mizniT.

2. ganmcxadeblebi

27

136. werilobiT argumentaciebSi ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom konvenciam ver

moaxerxa rasobrivi diskriminaciisagan efeqturad dacva da mouwodes did

palatas, mieRo me-14 muxlis axali redaqcia. ganmcxadeblebma gaiziares palatis

mosazreba, rom xelSemkvrel saxelmwifos akisria valdebuleba, gamoiZios

Zaladobis SemTxvevebSi SesaZlo rasistuli motivebi da rom mtkicebis tvirTi

SeiZleba daekisros mopasuxe saxelmwifos. werilobiT argumentaciebSi maT

ganacxades, rom diskriminaciasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebSi mtkicebis tvirTi ar

unda iyos `gonivrul eWvs miRma~ da iseT saqmeebSi, rogoric es saqmea, mtkicebis

tvirTi yovelTvis mopasuxe saxelmwifos unda daekisros, Tu prima facie

dadasturdeba

diskriminaciasTan

dakavSirebuli

saqmis

arseboba.

zepir

argumentaciebSi mosmenis dros ganmcxadebelTa warmomadgenelma mouwoda

sasamarTlos palatis poziciis gaziareba.

137. rac Seexeba saqmis garemoebebs, ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom arsebiTad

dairRva me-14 muxli, vinaidan prima facie warmodgenili iyo saqme diskriminaciasTan

dakavSirebiT da mTavrobam ver warmoadgina sawinaaRmdegos damadasturebeli

mtkicebulebebi. dapatimrebis ganmaxorcielebeli oficrebisaTvis cnobili iyo b-

ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis eTnikuri warmomavloba. maiorma g.-m rasobrivad

Seuracxmyofeli gamonaTqvamebiT mimarTa iqve mdgomebs imis gamo, rom isini

boSuri warmomavlobis iyvnen. mniSvnelovani daskvnebi unda gakeTebuliyo im

faqtidanac, rom maiorma g.-m cecxlsasroli iaraRiT aSkarad gadaWarbebuli Zala

gamoiyena dasaxlebul adgilas, kerZod ki boSebiT dasaxlebul sofelSi.

aRniSnuli faqtebi unda gaanalizdes imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom bulgareTSi

samarTaldamcavi organoebi sistematurad axorcieleben boSaTa diskriminacias.

garda amisa, xelisuflebas unda gamoeZiebina, xom ar iyo b-ni angelovisa da b-ni

petkovis sikvdili gamowveuli rasobrivi motiviT, is ki ase ar moiqca.

3. mesame mxareebi

(a) boSaTa uflebebis evropuli centri

138. centrma aRniSna, rom ukanasknel wlebSi araerTma saerTaSoriso da

arasamTavrobo organizaciam miuTiTa boSaTa mimarT samarTaldamcavi organoebis

an bulgaruli warmoSobis kerZo pirebis mxridan cudad mopyrobis an maTi

mkvlelobis uamrav SemTxvevaze. sayovelTaod aRiarebuli iyo, rom rasobrivi

SuRliT ganpirobebuli Zaladoba boSaTa winaRmdeg seriozuli problemaa

bulgareTSi. boSaTa sazogadoeba gamoTiSuli iyo socialur cxovrebas da

siRatakiT, gaunaTleblobiTa da umuSevrobiT itanjeboda.

139. miuxedavad rasobrivi SuRliT gamowveuli Zaladobis maRali xarisxisa,

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, maT Soris gaero-s wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis,

moTxovnebi, Seqmniliyo `efeqturi, sando da damoukidebeli gasaCivrebis sistema~

da saTanadod gamoZiebuliyo policiis mxridan Zalauflebis borotad gamoyeneba,

xelisuflebam es ar gaakeTa. bulgareTis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba ar

cnobda rasobriv SuRls Zaladobrivi danaSaulebis damamZimebel garemoebad. 1999

wels bulgareTis xelisuflebam aRiara cvlilebis aucilebloba, Tumca aseTi

cvlileba ar ganxorcielebula. amasTan, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 162-e muxli,

romelic dasjadad acxadebs rasobriv Zaladobas, ufro msubuq sasjels

iTvaliswinebs, vidre Cveulebrivi sxeulis dazianebis Sesaxeb muxli. Sesabamisad,

162-e muxli arasdros gamoiyeneboda da braldebis wayeneba xdeboda, Tu saerTod

28

xdeboda, sxeulis dazianebis zogadi debulebebis an mkvlelobis muxliT,

Tavdasxmis rasobrivi motivebi ki damaluli rCeboda. rogorc sasamarTlom

velikovasa da angelovas saqmeebze miRebul gadawyvetilebebSi aRniSna, [qveyanaSi]

dausjelobis sindromi iyo gamefebuli.

(b) “Interights”

140. organizacia “Interights” akritikebda sasamarTlos standarts `gonivrul eWvs

miRma~, vinaidan is qmnida gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobas diskriminaciis faqtis

dasadgenad. “Interights”-is poziciis Tanaxmad, diskriminaciisagan ukeTesi dacva

xdeboda saerTo samarTlis iurisdiqciis qveynebSi, sadac gamoiyeneboda

`SesaZleblobebis

balansis~

standarti

mtkicebulebebisaTvis.

samoqalaqo

samarTlis qveynebSi mosamarTleebs aqvT faqtebis dadgenis funqcia da,

Sesabamisad, maT Teoriulad mainc SeeZloT moeTxovaT mtkicebulebis ufro

maRali xarisxi. aqedan gamomdinare, saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi disriminaciisagan

sasamarTlo dacva ukeT xorcieldeboda. “Interights”-is poziciis Tanaxmad,

sasamarTlom praqtikaSi daamkvidra Sualeduri standarti, vinaidan igi ar

moiTxovda mtkicebulebis iseT maRal xarisxs, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeebSi, Tumca misi midgoma ar iyo sakmarisad naTeli da winaswarganWvretadi.

141. “Interights” aseve acxadebda, rom saerTaSoriso praqtika mxars uWers

diskriminaciis saqmeebSi mtkicebis tvirTis dakisrebas mopasuxisTvis, Tu momCivani

daadasturebda rom prima facie arsebobda saqme. aseT midgomas iziarebda

evrokavSiris ramdenime direqtiva, evropul gaerTianebaTa marTlmsajulebis

sasamarTlo, gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa komiteti da erovnuli sasamarTloebi

zogierT evropul saxelmwifoSi da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, kanadasa da

sxva saxelmwifoebSi.

142. “Interights”-ma aseve moiyvana ramdenime magaliTi imisa, Tu ra saxis

mtkicebulebebs SeuZlia erovnul iurisdiqciaSi prima facie diskriminaciis saqmis

dadastureba: es aris arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSi yofnis `zogadi suraTis~

mtkicebuleba, diskriminaciis Sesaxeb `zogadi codna~, faqtebi `cxovrebidan~,

sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi da garemoebasTan dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebebi.

motivis gaTvaliswinebac saerTo midgoma iyo.

(c) `Ria sazogadoeba marTlmsajulebis iniciativa~ (OSJI)

143. `Ria

sazogadoeba

marTlmsajulebis

iniciativam~

komentari

gaakeTa

saerTaSoriso

da SedarebiTi

samarTlis

safuZvelze

saxelmwifoTa

valdebulebaze, gamoiZion rasobrivi diskriminaciisa da Zaladobis SemTxvevebi. am

organizaciis mosazrebiT, sayovelTaod miRebuli prinicipi, rom ar SeiZleba

materialuri uflebis dacva saTanado proceduruli garantiebis gaerSe,

gamoiyeneboda diskriminaciis saqmeebTan mimarTebiTac. amitom konvenciis me-14

muxlidan gamomdinareobda proceduruli valdebulebac. garda amisa, evropuli da

saerTaSoriso praqtikis Sesabamisad, rasobrivi motivacia iTvleboda damamZimebel

garemoebad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi da, Sesabamisad, eqvemdebareboda

gamoZiebas. es iyo saxelmwifoTa ex officio valdebuleba da moqmedebas iwyebda

yovelTvis, rodesac arsebobda seriozuli eWvi, rom Cadenili iyo rasobrivi

SuRliT ganpirobebuli qmedeba.

29

C. sasamarTlos Sefaseba

1. pasuxismgebelia Tu ara mopasuxe saxelmwifo msxverplTa sicocxlis mospobaze

maTi rasobrivi an eTnikuri warmomavlobis safuZvelze

144. sasamarTlom zemoT daadgina, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifos moxeleebma ukanonod

mokles b-ni angelovi da b-ni petkovi da amiT daarRvies konvenciis me-2 muxli.

ganmcxadeblebi aseve amtkicebdnen, rom dairRva konvenciis me-14 muxli, vinaidan

rasobrivma SuRlma mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula b-ni angelovisa da b-ni

petkovis sikvdilSi.

145. diskriminacia aris erT mdgomareobaSi myof pirTa mimarT gansxvavebuli

mopyroba obieqturi da gonivruli mizezis gareSe (ix. Willis v. the United Kingdom, no.

36042/97, punqti 48, ECHR 2002-IV). rasobrivi diskriminacia aris adamianis Rirsebis

gansakuTrebuli Seuracxyofa da, misi seriozuli Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

moiTxovs

xelisuflebisagan

gansakuTrebul

sifrTxilesa

da

gadamWrel

reagirebas. swored am mizezis gamo xelisuflebam unda gamoiyenos mis xelT

arsebuli yvela saSualeba rasizmisa da rasistuli SuRliT gamowveuli

Zaladobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, amasTan, unda ganaviTaros midgoma, rom

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi gansxvavebuloba safrTxes ki ar warmoadgens, aramed

simdidris wyaroa. sasamarTlo am sakiTxs mogvianebiT miubrundeba.

146. vinaidan ganmcxadeblebi Ciodnen me-14 muxlis darRvevis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos

movaleobaa, daadginos, hqonda Tu ara b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis

sasikvdilod daWrasTan mizezobrivi kavSiri rasizms da, Sesabamisad, dairRva Tu

ara konvenciis me-14 muxli me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi.

147. amaTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas

gamoiyena mtkicebulebis standarti `gonivrul eWvs miRma~. sasamarTlos funqcia

ar aris, gadawyvetileba gamoitanos sisxlissamarTlebriv braleulobaze an

samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobaze, man unda ganixilos xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis

konvenciidan gamomdinare valdebulebani. konvenciis me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad,

sasamarTlos funqciaa `maRali xelSemkvreli mxareebis mier konvenciiTa da misi

oqmebiT nakisr valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa.~ swored am funqciis

gamo unda ganixilos sasamarTlom mticebulebebisa da mtkicebis sakiTxebi.

sasamarTlos winaSe ganxilvis dros ar arsebobs proceduruli barierebi

mtkicebulebaTa misaRebad an winaswar dadgenili formula maT Sesafaseblad.

sasamarTlos gamoaqvs daskvnebi, romlebic, misi azriT, emyareba mtkicebulebis

Tavisufal Sefasebas, aseve nebismier daskvnas, rac SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes

faqtebidan

da

mxareTa

axsna-ganmartebebidan.

sasamarTlos

precedentuli

samarTlis Sesabamisad, mtkicebuleba SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes faqtebis Sesaxeb

sakmarisad Zlieri, naTeli da Tanmimdevruli an gaubaTilebeli prezumfciebis

erTobliobidan. ufro metic, sarwmunoobis xarisxi da mtkicebis tvirTis

gadanawileba uSualodaa dakavSirebuli faqtebTan, braldebis xasiaTTan da Tavad

konvenciasTan. sasamarTlo aseve yuradRebiT ekideba seriozulobas, romelic

eniWeba xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis mier ZiriTadi uflebebis darRvevis

dadgenas (ix. Semdegi gadawyvetilebebi: Ireland v. the United Kingdom, 1978 wlis 18

ianvris gadawyvetileba, Series A no. 25, punqti 161; Ribitsch v. Austria, 1995 wlis 4

dekembris gadawyvetileba, Series A no. 336, gv. 24, punqti 32;Akdivar and Others v. Turkey, 1996

wlis 16 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, Reports 1996-IV, gv. 1211, punqti 68;Tanli v. Turkey, no.

30

26129/95, punqti 111, ECHR 2001-III; da Ilaşcu and Others v. Moldova and Russia [GC], no. 48787/99,

punqti 26,2004 wlis 8 ivlisi).

148. ganmcxadeblebma moiyvanes ramdenime damoukidebeli faqti da amtkicebdnen,

rom maTgan rasistuli qmedeba SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes.

149. pirvel rogSi ganmcxadeblebi [rasizmis] gamovlinebad im faqts ganixilavdnen,

rom maiorma g.-m avtomaturi iaraRi isrola dasaxlebul adgilas da ugulebelyo

sazogadoebis usafrTxoeba. vinaidan ar arsebobda aseTi qmdebebis racionaluri

axsna, ganmcxadeblebi miiCnevdnen, rom mxolod rasobrivi SuRli SeiZleba iyos

damarwmunebeli ganmarteba da rom [maiori g.] ase ar moiqceoda araboSur

dasaxlebaSi.

150. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom, samwuxarod, erovnuli kanonmdebloba ar

krZalavda aseT garemoebebSi cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebas, rac TavisTavad

iyo gaumarTlebeli naklovaneba da sasamarTlom ukve dagmo igi (ix. zemoT, punqti

99). samxedro policiis oficrebs hqondaT cecxlsasroli iaraRi `kanonis

Sesabamisad~ da maT misces miTiTeba, rom gamoeyenebinaT yvela saSualeba

dapatimrebis mizniT (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 18 da 60). Sesabamisad, imis SesaZlebloba,

rom maiori g. mxolod asrulebda reglaments da aseve moiqceoda msgavs

SemTxvevaSi miuxedavad devnilTa eTnikuri warmomavlobisa, ar SeiZleba

gamoiricxos. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom reglamenti ar aris srulyofili da ver

akmayofilebs konvenciis moTxovnas sicocxlis uflebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT,

ar arsebobs imis safuZveli, vifiqroT, rom maiori g. ar gamoiyenebda iaraRs

araboSur dasaxlebaSi.

151. marTalia, rom maiori g.-s qmedeba seriozuli kritikis obieqtia, vinaidan,

rogorc sasamarTlom daadgina, gamoyenebuli Zala aSkarad gadametebuli iyo (ix.

punqti 108). miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba gamoiricxos, rom misi reaqcia

ganpirobebuli iyo cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi

CarCos araadekvaturobiT da im faqtiT, rom misi momzadeba moxda am

samarTlebrivi CarCos farglebSi (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 60 da 99-105).

152. ganmcxadeblebma aseve ganacxades, rom samxedro policiis oficrebis

qmedebaze gavlena moaxdina imis codnam, rom gaqceulebi boSuri warmomavlobis

iyvnen. Tumca SeuZlebelia davadginoT, moaxdina Tu ara b-ni angelovisa da b-ni

petkovis boSurma warmoSobam gavlena [oficrebis] qmedebebze. garda amisa,

mtkicebulebebidan gamomdinareobs, rom erTi an meti policieli piradad icnobda

msxverplT (ix. zemoT, punqti 18).

153. ganmcxadeblebi eyrdnobodnen b-ni m.m.-s mier micemul Cvenebas, romelmac

ganacxada, rom maiorma g.-m srolisTanave daiZaxa `Tqve dawyevlilo boSebo!~.

rasobrivi gancxadebebis Sesaxeb Cvenebis SemTxvevaSi xelisuflebas unda

Seeswavla b-ni m.m.-s Cvenebis simarTle, Tumca Tavad aseTi gancxadeba ar aris

sakmarisi safuZveli imisaTvis, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifo pasuxismgeblad vcnoT

rasobrivi motiviT mkvlelobaSi.

154. da bolos, ganmcxadeblebi eyrdnobodnen uamrav SemTxvevas, rodesac

bulgareTis samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebma gamoiyenes Zala boSaTa

mimarT da aseT qmedebebze pasuxismgebeli pirebi ar dausjiaT.

31

155. marTalia, rom araerTma saerTaSoriso, maT Soris arasamTavrobo organizaciam

gamoTqva SeSfoTeba aseTi faqtebis gamo (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 55-59). Tumca

sasamarTlo ver daiviwyebs, rom misi funqciaa, daadginos, motivirebuli iyo Tu

ara rasizmiT b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis mkvleloba.

156. gadawyvetilebaSi palatam mopasuxe saxelmwifos daakisra mtkicebis tvirTi,

vinaidan man ver moaxerxa, Caetarebina efeqturi gamoZieba savaraudo rasobrivi

motiviT Cadenil mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebiT. palatam daadgina, rom arsebiTad

dairRva konvenciis me-14 muxli me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi, vinaidan mTavrobam

ver daarwmuna palata, rom gasaCivrebuli movlenebi ar gamoiwvia rasobrivma

SuRlma.

157. didi palata imeorebs, rom zogierT garemoebaSi, rodesac xelisuflebam

yvelaferi an TiTqmis yvelaferi icis gansaxilveli movlenebis Sesaxeb,

rogoricaa, magaliTad, xelisuflebis patimrobaSi myofi piris sikvdilis

SemTxveva, xelisuflebas ekisreba mtkicebis tvirTi, rom warmoadginos sakmarisi

da damarwmunebeli ganmarteba dakavebuli piris sikvdilis Sesaxeb (ix. Salman v.

Turkey [GC], no. 21986/93, punqti 100, ECHR 2000-VII). didi palata ar gamoricxavs, rom

diskriminaciis braldebis saqmeebSi mas SeuZlia mosTxovos mopasuxe saxelmwifos,

gaabaTilos sadavo braldeba diskriminaciaSi da Tu xelisufleba amas ver

gaakeTebs, maSin didi palata daaskvnis konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRvevas amis

safuZvelze. rodesac am saqmis msgavsad amtkiceben, rom Zaladobrivi aqti

motivirebuli iyo rasobrivi SuRliT, aRniSnuli midgoma niSnavs, rom mopasuxe

saxelmwifom unda daamtkicos, rom pirs ar amoZravebda subieqturi midgoma. bevri

saxelmwifos

samarTlebriv

sistemaSi

politikis

an

gadawyvetilebis

diskriminaciuli xasiaTis mtkicebulebas ar esaWiroeba imis damtkiceba, rom

arsebobda diskriminaciis ganzraxva dasaqmebisas an momsaxurebis gawevisas;

rTulia am midgomis gamoyeneba im SemTxvevebSic, rodesac Zaladoba Cadenili iqna

rasobrivi motiviT. didi palata, palatisagan gansxvavebiT, ar miiCnevs, rom

xelisuflebis mier rasobrivi motivis arsebobis arasaTanado gamoZieba adamianis

sicocxlis mospobis SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis tvirTs daakisrebs mopasuxe mTavrobas

konvenciis me-14 muxlis me-2 muxlis arsebiT nawilTan erTad savaraudo darRvevis

SemTxvevaSi. xelisuflebis mier proceduruli valdebulebis Sesruleba calke

sakiTxia, romelsac sasamarTlo mogvianebiT ganixilavs.

158. da bolos, Seiswavla ra yvela elementi, sasamarTlo ar miiCnevs, rom b-ni

angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sikvdili rasistulma motivma ganapiroba.

159. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom ar darRveula konvenciis me-14 muxli

arsobrivad me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi.

2. proceduruli mxare: Seasrula Tu ara mopasuxe saxelmwifom masze dakisrebuli

valdebuleba, gamoeZiebina SesaZlo rasistuli motivebi

(a) zogadi principebi

160. didi palata iziarebs palatis analizs am saqmeSi, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifos

ekisra proceduruli valdebuleba, gamoeZiebina SesaZlo rasistuli motivebi

Zaladobis aqtebTan mimarTebiT. palatam aRniSna(punqtebi156-159):

32

`... konvenciis me-2 muxlis safuZvelze saxelmwifoebs akisriaT zogadi

valdebuleba, efeqturad gamoiZion sicocxlis mospobis saqmeebi.

... es valdebuleba unda ganxorcieldes diskriminaciis gareSe, rogorc amas

moiTxovs konvenciis me-14 muxli... rodesac arsebobs eWvi, rom rasobrivma

mosazrebebma gamoiwvia Zaladoba, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom oficialuri

gamoZieba Catardes kanonierad da miukerZoeblad; aseve sazoagdoebaSi mudmivad

unda igmobodes rasobrivi da eTnikuri mtroba da SenarCunebuli iqnes

umciresobebis ndoba, rom xelisuflebas aqvs unari, daicvas isini rasobrivi

Zaladobisagan. konvenciis me-2 muxlidan gamomdinare pozitiuri valdebulebis

Sesruleba niSnavs, rom Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlebrivi sistemis sisxlis

samarTali gamoiyeneba yvelas mimarT, vinc Caidina mkvleloba, miuxedavad

msxverplis rasobrivi da eTnikuri warmoSobisa (ix. Menson and Others v. the United

Kingdom (dec.), no. 47916/99, ECHR 2003-V)...

... rodesac gamoZieba exeba saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier Cadenil Zaladobas an

sicocxlis mospobas, saxelmwifo xelisuflebas akisria damatebiTi valdebuleba,

gamoaaSkaraos nebismieri rasobrivi motivi da daadginos, xom ar Seasrula

rasobrivma an eTnikurma siZulvilma raime roli movlenebis ganviTarebaSi.

rasobrivi motivaciiT gamowveuli Zaladobisa da sisastikis iseve ganxilva,

rogorc saqmeebisa, romelTac ar dahkravT rasobrivi elferi, hgavs Tavis

dabrmavebas im faqtebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT laxavs ZiriTad

uflebebs. Tu situacia moiTxovs gansakuTrebul mopyrobas, magram aseTi

gansxvavebuli midgoma ar gamoiyeneba, SeiZleba es mopyroba ar Seesabamebodes

konvenciis me-14 muxls (ix. mutatis mutandis, Thlimmenos v. Greece [GC], no. 34369/97, punqti

44, ECHR 2000-IV). imisaTvis, rom SenarCunebuli iqnes sazogadoebis ndoba

samarTaldamcavi

uzrunvelyos, rom Zalis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis gamoZiebisas

samarTlebriv sistemaSic da praqtikaSic gansxvavebuli midgoma iyos

meqanizmis

mimarT,

xelSemkvrelma

saxelmwifom

unda

gadametebuli Zalis gamoyenebisa da rasistuli mkvlelobebis Sesaxeb saqmeebis

mimarT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom praqtikaSi Zalian rTulia rasobrivi motivis damtkiceba.

mopasuxe saxelmwifos valdebuleba, gamoiZios SesaZlo rasobrivi elferi

Zaladobis saqmeebSi aris valdebuleba, rom man gamoiyenos mis xelT arsebuli

saSualebebi da ara absoluturi saSualebebi (ix. mutatis mutandis, Shanaghan v. the

United Kingdom, no. 37715/97, punqti 90, ECHR 2001-III, romelic awesebs imave standarts

gamoZiebis

zogad

valdebulebasTan

mimarTebiT).

xelisuflebam

unda

ganaxorcielos keTilgonivruli qmedebebi mtkicebulebebis Segrovebisa da dacvis

mizniT, gamoiyenos yvela praqtikuli saSualeba simarTlis dasadgenad, gamoitanos

sruliad dasabuTebuli, miukerZoebeli da obieqturi gadawyvetilebebi da ar

datovos ganuxilvelad saeWvo faqtebi, romlebic SeiZleba adasturebdes

Zaladobis rasobriv motivs.

161. didi palata damatebiT aRniSnavs, rom xelisuflebis valdebuleba, gamoiZios

rasistul motivsa da Zaladobis aqts Soris SesaZlo kavSiris arseboba

konvenciis me-2 muxlidan gamomdinare proceduruli valdebulebaa, Tumca

SeiZleba igulisxmebodes konvenciis me-14 muxlidan gamomdinare valdebulebaSic,

Tu mas [me-14 muxls] ganvixilavT me-2 muxlTan erTad, romelic iTvaliswinebs

33

sicocxlis uflebiT diskriminaciis gareSe sargeblobis uzrunvelyofas. ori

debulebis urTierTkavSiris Sedegad sakiTxebi, rogoric mocemul saqmeSia,

SeiZleba moxvdes mxolod oridan erTi debulebis moqmedebis sferoSi an SeiZleba

aucilebeli gaxdes maTi Seswavla orive debulebis Sesabamisad. es unda gadawydes

yoveli konkretuli saqmis da savaraudo darRvevebis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT.

(b) aRniSnuli principebis gamoyeneba winamdebare saqmeSi

162. sasamarTlom ukve daadgina, rom bulgareTis xelisuflebam daarRvia

konvenciis me-2 muxli, vinaidan ar gamoiZia efeqturad b-ni angelovisa da b-ni

petkovis sikvdili (ix. zemoT, punqtebi 114-119). sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom mocemul

saqmeSi man calke unda Seiswavlos saCivari imis Taobaze, rom gamoZiebam ver

daadgina SesaZlo mizezobrivi kavSiri savaraudo rasobriv damokidebulebasa da

ori kacis mkvlelobas Soris.

163. b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sikvdilis gamomZieblebis xelT iyo

msxverplis mezoblis b-ni m.m.-is gancxadeba, rom maiorma g.-m iyvira: `Tqve

dawyevlilo boSebo!~ da miuSvira iaraRi gasrolis Semdeg (ix. zemoT, punqti 35).

bulgareTSi boSebis winaaRmdeg arsebuli mtruli ganwyobilebis Sesaxeb araerTi

angariSis gaTvaliswinebiT aRniSnuli Cveneba unda Semowmebuliyo.

164. palatis msgavsad didi palata miiCnevs, rom eTnikuri an sxva umciresobebis

warmomadgenelTa winaaRmdeg Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT

samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromelTa mier zepiri Seuracxyofis miyenebis

Sesaxeb nesmieri Cveneba metad mniSvnelovania imis dasadgenad, namdvilad Cadenili

iyo Tu ara ukanono, siZulviliT gamowveuli Zaladoba. rodesac gamoZiebisas

aseTi mtkicebuleba gamoaSkaravdeba, igi unda Semowmdes da Tu dadasturdeba,

guldasmiT unda iqnes Seswavlili yvela faqti SesaZlo rasobrivi motivis

gamosavlenad.

165. garda amisa, is faqti, rom maiorma g.-m gamoiyena aSkarad gadametebuli Zala

ori SeuiaraRebeli da aramoZalade kacis winaaRmdeg, TavisTavad saguldagulo

gamoZiebas moiTxovda.

166. da bolos, am saqmis gamomZieblebsa da prokurorebs gaaCndaT sakmarisi

informacia, rom SeSfoTebuliyvnen da mieRoT zomebi, raTa daedginaT, arsebobda

Tu ara rasobrivi motivi, Sedegis Sesabamisad ki gaegrZelebinaT gamoZieba imisa,

xom ar iyo ori kacis sikvdili gamowveuli rasizmiT.

167. magram xelisuflebam araferi gaakeTa, raTa Seemowmebina b-ni m.m.-s gancxadeba.

ar daukiTxavT mowmeebi am sakiTxze. maiori g.-sTvis ar ukiTxavT, Tu ratom miiCnia

man mizanSewonilad aseTi Zalis gamoyeneba. xelisuflebas ar ucdia, Seemowmebina

maiori g.-s istoria da Seeswavla, warsulSi xom ar yofila Careuli msgavs

incidentebSi an xom ar yofila eWvmitanili antiboSuri gancxadebebis gamoTqmaSi.

aRniSnuls isic daemata, rom gamomZieblebma da prokurorebma, rogorc es

sasamarTlom ukve daadgina, yuradReba ar miaqcies Sesabamis faqtebs da Sewyvites

gamoZieba, riTac maior g.-s aaciles sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba (ix.

zemoT, punqtebi 36-54 da 115-117).

34

168. amrigad, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom xelisuflebam ver Seasrula konvenciis me-2

muxlTan erTad aRebuli me-14 muxlidan gamomdinare valdebuleba, mieRo yvela

SesaZlo zoma imis dasadgenad, Seasrula Tu ara diskriminaciam raime roli

gansaxilvel movlenebSi. aRniSnulidan gamomdinareobs, rom dairRva konvenciis

me-14 muxli me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi proceduruli aspeqtiT.

V. konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyeneba

169. konvenciis 41-e muxli iTvaliswinebs:

`Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom dairRva konvencia da misi oqmebi, xolo Sesabamisi

maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTali darRvevis mxolod

nawilobrivi gamosworebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,

sasamarTlo dazaralebul mxares samarTlian dakmayofilebas miakuTvnebs~.

A. ziani

170. didi palatis winaSe ganmcxadeblebma wamoayenes igive moTxovnebi materialuri

da aramaterialuri zianis anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebiT. mTavrobas komentari ar

gaukeTebia.

171. palatis gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisi nawilis Tanaxmad(punqtebi 177-184):

`q-ni naCova, b-ni angelovis qaliSvili, da q-ni xristova, misi partniori da q-ni

naCovas deda, erTad iTxovdnen 25 000 evros b-ni angelovis sikvdilis gamo da

konvenciis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT. es Tanxa moicavda 20 000 evros

aramaterialuri zianisaTvis da 5 000 evros materialuri zaralisaTvis. q-ni

rangelova da b-ni rangelovi erTad iTxovdnen imave Tanxas maTi vaJis, kiril

petkovis, sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT da konvenciis darRvevis gamo.

aramaterialur zianTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo maT mTel moTxovnil Tanxas

aniWebs.

materialur zianTan dakavSirebiT ganmcxadeblebi moiTxovdnen b-ni angelovisa da

b-ni

petkovis

sikvdilis

gamo

dakarguli

Semosavlis

anazRaurebas.

ganmcxadeblebma ver warmoadgines mtkicebuleba, Tumca acxadebdnen, rom

msxverplni finansurad inaxavdnen ojaxebs da gaagrZelebdnen amis gakeTebas,

cocxlebi rom yofiliyvnen. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom moTxovna gadametebuli iyo

bulgareTis cxovrebis standartis gaTvaliswinebiT.

sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom mTavrobas ar gauprotestebia ganmcxadebelTa

gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom maT dakarges finansuri Semosavali b-ni angelovisa

da b-ni petkovis sikvdilis gamo da rom es ukanasknelni ojaxebs finansurad

uzrunvelyofdnen, cocxlebi rom yofiliyvnen. sasamarTlo ver xedavs mizezs, rom

sxvagvari daskvna gaakeTos.

zogierT saqmeSi, maT Soris am saqmeSic, ganmcxadebelTa materialuri zaralis

sruli reparaciisaTvis (restitutio in integrum) saWiro Tanxis zusti gamoTvla SeiZleba

garTuldes darRvevidan gamomdinare zaralis bundovani xasiaTis gamo. Tanxa

SeiZleba mainc gadaeces miuxedavad momavalSi miRebuli danakargis gamoTvlis

35

sirTuleebisa. aseT saqmeebSi unda gairkves, Tu ra aris samarTliani

dakmayofileba sasamarTlos diskreciuli gadawyvetilebiT imis safuZvelze, Tu

ra aris samarTliani (ix. Z and Others v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 29392/95, punqti 120,

ECHR 2001-V).

am saqmeSi mxareTa poziciebisa da yvela saTanado faqtoris, msxverplTa da

ganmcxadebelTa asakis gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ramdenad

iyvnen isini erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulni, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom marTebulia q-

ni naCovasa da q-ni xristovasaTvis erTad 5 000 evros miniWeba b-ni angelovis

sikvdiliT gamowveuli materialuri zianis asanazRaureblad da 2 000 evrosi – q-

ni rangelovasa da b-ni rangelovisTvis erTad b-ni petkovis sikvdilis Sedegad

dakarguli Semosavlis asanazRaureblad.~

172. didma palatam gaiziara palatis analizi. igi miiCnevs, rom ganmcxadebelTa

moTxovna Seexeba konvenciis me-2 da me-14 muxlebidan gamomdinare materialur da

aramaterialur zians; marTalia, didma palatam palatisgan gansxvavebiT daadgina,

rom konvenciis me-14 muxli dairRva me-2 muxlis mxolod procedurul aspeqtTan

erTobliobaSi, igi ar miiCnevs, rom amis safuZvelze unda Semcirdes Tanxis

odenoba. Sesabamisad, didi palata aniWebs q-n naCovasa da q-n xristovas erTad 25

000 evros materialuri da aramaterialuri zianisaTvis da q-n rangelovasa da b-n

rangelovs – 22 000 evros materialuri da aramaterialuri zianisaTvis.

B. xarjebi da danaxarjebi

173. palatam srulad gaiziara ganmcxadebelTa moTxovna xarjebTan dakavSirebiT

da mianiWa maT 3 740 evro xarjebisa da danaxarjebisaTvis.

174. didi palatis winaSe ganmcxadeblebma gaimeores TavianTi Tavdapirveli

gancxadebebi da moiTxoves didi palatis winaSe gamarTuli procesis dros

gaweuli damatebiTi xarjebis anazRaureba. kerZod, maT moiTxoves 7 931 girvanqa

sterlingi

samarTlebrivi momsaxurebis asanazRaureblad da 1 920 evro b-ni grozevis mier 48

saaTiani muSaobisaTvis didi palatis winaSe werilobiT procedurebSi

(daaxloebiT

11

630

evro)

lordi

lesteris

mier

gaweuli

monawileobisas. ganmcxadeblebma waradgines kontraqtebis da namuSevari drois

amsaxveli dokumentebis aslebi. ganmcxadeblebma ganacxades, rom isini ar

moiTxovdnen anazRaurebas b-ni grozevis zepir mosmenaSi monawileobisaTvis,

vinaidan es Tanxa dafara evropis sabWos iuridiulma daxmarebam (1 906,50 evro).

mTlianad ganmcxadeblebi iTxovdnen 5 660 evros b-ni grozevis saqmianobisaTvis da

11 630 evros ekvivalentur Tanxas lordi lesteris monawileobisaTvis didi

palatis procesSi. ganmcxadeblebma iTxoves, rom xarjebisa da danaxarjebisaTvis

miniWebuli Tanxa pirdapir advokatebs gadaricxvodaT. mTavrobam komentari ar

gaakeTa.

175. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom Tanxebi xarjebisa da danaxarjebisaTvis namdvilad

da miznobrivad daixarja da dakavSirebuli iyo dadgenil darRvevebaTan (ix.

Beyeler v. Italy (just satisfaction) [GC], no. 33202/96, punqti 27,2002 wlis 28 maisi). rac Seexeba

Tanxebs, zepir mosmenasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi gadaWarbebulia. yvela

saTanado

garemoebis

gaTvaliswinebiT

sasamarTlo

aniWebs

erTad

yvela

ganmcxadebels 11 000 evros xarjebisa da danaxarjebisaTvis (5 500 evro b-ni

grozevisaTvis da 5 500 evro lordi lesterisaTvis).

36

C. sauravi

176. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom sajarimo procenti unda efuZnebodes evropis

centraluri bankis zRvrul sasesxo ganakveTs, romelsac unda daematos sami

procenti.

am mizezTa gamo sasamarTlo

1. adgens erTxmad, rom dairRva konvenciis me-2 muxli b-ni angelovisa da b-ni

petkovis sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT;

2. adgens erTxmad, rom dairRva konvenciis me-2 muxli, vinaidan xelisuflebam ar

Caatara efeqturi gamoZieba b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sikvdilTan

dakavSirebiT;

3. adgens erTxmad, rom me-13 muxlis safuZvelze ar wamoWrila calke sakiTxi;

4. adgens 11 xmiT eqvsis winaaRmdeg, rom ar darRveula konvenciis me-14 muxli me-2

muxlTan erTobliobaSi im mtkicebasTan dakavSirebiT, rom b-ni angelovisa da b-ni

petkovis sikvdilis gamomwvevi movlenebi rasobriv Zaladobas warmoadgenda;

5. adgens erTxmad, rom dairRva konvenciis me-14 muxli me-2 muxlTan

erTobliobaSi, vinaidan xelisuflebam ar gamoiZia b-ni angelovisa da b-ni

petkovis sikvdilis gamomwvevi movlenebis SesaZlo rasistuli motivebi;

6. adgens erTxmad

(a) rom mopasuxe saxelmwifom ganmcxadeblebs unda gadauxados qvemoT miTiTebuli

Tanxebi sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, aseve nebismieri gadasaxadi, romelic SeiZleba

daericxos am Tanxebs:

(i) q-n naCovasa da q-n xristovas erTad 25 000 (ocdaxuTi aTasi) evro materialur

da aramaterialur zianTan dakavSirebiT; es Tanxa gadayvanili iqneba erovnul

valutaSi gadaricxvis dros arsebuli saxelmwifo kursis Sesabamisad;

(ii) q-n rangelovasa da b-n rangelovs erTad 22 000 (ocdaori aTasi) evro

materialur da aramaterialur zianTan dakavSirebiT; es Tanxa gadayvanili iqneba

erovnul valutaSi gadaricxvis dros arsebuli saxelmwifo kursis Sesabamisad;

(iii) erTad yvela ganmcxadebels 11 000 (TerTmeti aTasi) evro yvela xarjisa da

danaxarjis dasafaravad: 5 500 evro gadairicxos erovnul valutaSi gadaricxvis

dRes arsebuli saxelmwifo kursis Sesabamisad b-ni grozevis sabanko angariSze

bulgareTSi da 5 500 evro lordi lesteris sabanko angariSze gaerTianebul

samefoSi;

(b) zemoxsenebuli samTviani vadis amowurvidan gadaxdamde unda dawesdes sauravis

saxiT gadasaxdeli Tanxa evropis centraluri bankis zRvruli sasesxo ganakveTis

toli odenobiT, romelsac daemateba sami procenti;

37

7. ar akmayofilebs samarTlian dakmayofilebasTan dakavSirebiT ganmcxadebelTa

pretenziis darCenil nawils.

Sesrulebulia inglisur da frangul enebze, gacxadebulia sajaro mosmenaze

mosamarTle kostas, vice-prezidentis, mier adamianis uflebaTa SenobaSi,

strasburgSi, 2005 wlis 6 ivliss.

lucius vildhaberi,

Tavmjdomare

T. l. erli,

registratoris moadgile

konvenciis 45-e muxlis me-2 punqtisa da sasamarTlos reglamentis 74-e wesis me-2

punqtis Sesabamiasd, am gadawyvetilebas Tan erTvis Semdegi gancalkevebuli

mosazrebani:

(a) mosamarTle ser nikolas bratcas Tanmxvedri mosazreba;

(b) mosamarTleebis

kasadevalis,

hediganis,

mularonis,

fura-sandstromis,

gulumianisa da spielmanis erTiani nawilobriv gansxvavebuli mosazreba.

l.v.

T.l.e.

mosamarTle ser nikolas bratcas Tanmxvedri mosazreba

me sruliad veTanxmebi sasamarTlos umravlesobas saqmis yvela aspeqtTan

mimarTebiT, garda erTi abzacisa konvenciis me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi me-14

muxlis arsebiT sakiTxebze dasabuTebasTan dakavSirebiT.

ganCinebis 157-e punqtSi naTqvamia, rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba

gamoiricxos, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifos moeTxovos diskriminaciaSi braldebis

gabaTileba; Tu saxelmwifo amas ver moaxerxebs, es SeiZleba niSnavdes me-14

muxlis darRvevas. ganCinebaSi aseve naTqvamia, rom rodesac am saqmis msgavsad

amtkiceben, rom Zaladobrivi qmedeba motivirebuli iyo rasobrivi SuRliT,

aRniSnuli midgoma niSnavs, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifom unda daamtkicos, rom pirs

ar amoZravebda subieqturi damokidebuleba. am punqtis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos is,

rom saxelmwifos winaSe arsebuli mtkicebulebiTi sirTuleebis gamo iSviaTad an

TiTqmis arasdros iqneba mizanSewonili mtkicebis tvirTis Secvla da mopasuxe

saxelmwifosaTvis imis moTxovna, rom uaryos, rom sicocxlis mospoba

ganpirobebuli iyo rasobrivi motiviT.

Tu es aris am punqtis swori interpretacia, maSin ver daveTanxmebi mas. me advilad

SemiZlia ganvWvrito saqmeebi, sadac saxelmwifo moxelis mier mkvlelobis Cadenis

SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosaTvis wardgenili mtkicebulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT imis

mtkicebis tvirTi, rom mkvleloba ar yofila Cadenili rasistuli motiviT,

daekisreba mopasuxe saxelmwifos. aseTi magaliTi iqneba, rodesac mtkicebulebebis

38

Tanaxmad romelime eTnikuri jgufis wevrebis dakavebis mcdelobis Sedegad

daiRupebian aseTi pirebi maSin, rodesac sxva eTnikuri jgufebis warmomadgenelTa

dakavebisas aseTi ram iSviaTad an saerTod ar xdeba. magaliTi iqneba iseTi

SemTxveva, rodesac dakavebis operaciis dagegmvisas, romlis mizani iyo romelime

eTnikuri jgufis wevrebis dakaveba, dakavebis ganmaxorcielebel danayofs misces

da neba darTes, gamoeyenebina cecxlsasroli iaraRi. me mimaCnia, rom aseT

SemTxvevaSi mTavrobam unda daarwmunos sasamarTlo, rom gansxvavebuli mopyroba

gamarTlebuli iyo obieqturi garemoebebiT da konkretuli msxverplis sikvdilSi

mis eTnikur warmomavlobas arsebiTi roli ar uTamaSia.

Tumca mocemul saqmeSi sasamarTlosaTvis wardgenili mtkicebulebebidan da

ganCinebaSi

warmodgenili masalebi iseTi iyo, rom gaemarTlebina mopasuxe saxelmwifoze

mtkicebis tvirTis dakisreba an mtkicebulebis aucilebeli standartis

moyvanili

msjelobidan

ar

mimaCnia,

rom

sasamarTlosTvis

Sesabamisad imis dadgena, rom b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis mkvleloba, garda

imisa, rom sruliad gaumarTlebeli iyo, rasobrivad motivirebulic iyo.

mosamarTleebis kasadevalis, hediganis, muralonis, fura-sandstromis,

giulumianisa da spielmanis erToblivi gansxvavebuli mosazreba

(Targmani)

1. Cven xmas vaZlevT daskvniTi debulebebis me-4 punqtis winaaRmdeg Semdegi

mizezebis gamo:

2. ar SegviZlia daveTanxmoT sasamarTlos axal midgomaSi, rom me-14 muxli

SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos cal-calke me-2 muxlis arsebiT da procedurul

aspeqtebTan. erTiani midgoma ufro sasurveli iqneboda, vinaidan aseTi gziT ukeT

aisaxeboda me-14 muxlis gansakuTrebuli xasiaTi, romelic ar arsebobs

damoukideblad. Cven miviCnevT, rom arsebiT da procedurul aspeqtebs Soris

gansxvaveba xelovnuri da usargebloa, vinaidan am saqmeSi sasamarTlom me-2

muxlis orive aspeqtis darRveva daadgina. aseve problemaa isic, rom metismetad

adrea imis Sefaseba, Tu ra gavlena moaxdina am axalma midgomam konvenciis me-12

oqmis gamoyenebasa da ganmartebaze, romelic sul axlaxans Sevida ZalaSi im

saxelmwifoebisaTvis, romelTac misi ratificireba moaxdines.

3. ganasxvava ra erTmaneTisagan arsebiTi da proceduruli aspeqtebi, umravlesobam

daadgina konvenciis me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi me-14 muxlis darRveva mxolod

imis safuZvelze, rom xelisuflebam ar gamoikvlia, iyo Tu ara rasobrivad

motivirebuli b-ni angelovisa da b-ni petkovis sikvdilis gamomwvevi movlenebi.

4. Cven veTanxmebiT am daskvnas. Tumca aseTi proceduruli gadawyvetilebis

miuxedavad migvaCnia, rom erTad aRebuli sxva faqtobrivi elementebi aaSkaravebs

konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRvevas me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi.

5. zemoxsenebul elementebs Soris aris is faqti, rom gasrola moxda dasaxlebul

adgilas

–

soflis boSur ubanSi

–

mosaxleobis usafrTxoebis dacvis

gauTvaliswineblad; samxedro policielebma icodnen orive msxverplis boSuri

warmomavlobis da imis Sesaxeb, rom isini arc SeiaraRebulni iyvnen da arc

39

saSiSni;

bulgareTSi

boSaTa

mimarT

mtruli

damokidebulebis

Sesaxeb

gamoqveynebuli angariSebi; es ar aris pirveli saqme bulgareTis winaaRmdeg,

romelSic sasamarTlom daadgina, rom samarTaldamcavebma an saxelmwifos sxva

warmomadgenlebma sasikvdili ziani miayenes boSebs; b-ni m.m.-is Cvenebis Tanaxmad,

maiorma g.-m Seuracxyofa miayena mas rasobrivi SeZaxiliT: `Se dawyevlilo boSa~;

da bolos, xelisuflebam ar imoqmeda saTanadod da daSvebuli iyo mZime

saproceduro xarvezebi, ramac xeli SeuSala simarTlis dadgenas.

6. marTalia, rom saproceduro darRvevebi warmoadgens mniSvnelovan faqtors,

romelsac saTanado yuradReba unda daeTmos. maT gadamwyveti roli ekisrebaT imis

dadgenisas, Tu vis unda daekisros mtkicebis tvirTi, vinaidan erovnulma

xelisuflebam unda miiRos qmediTi zomebi, raTa naTeli mohfinos faqtebs da am

proceduris darRveva namdvilad moaxdens zegavlenas problemis arsebiT

mxaresTan dakavSirebiT misaReb gadawyvetilebaze.

7. sasamarTlos umravlesobam, SezRuda ra gadawyvetileba mxolod proceduruli

aspeqtebis darRveviT, ar miaqcia saTanado yuradReba sakmarisad Zlier, naTel da

calsaxa prezumfciebs, romlebic gamomdinareobda faqtobrivi mtkicebulebebidan

da romlebidanac gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom dairRva konvenciis me-14 muxli me-2

muxlTan erTobliobaSi.

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